U.S. patent number 3,897,777 [Application Number 05/472,529] was granted by the patent office on 1975-08-05 for head restraint.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Morrison Medical Products Company. Invention is credited to Robert D. Morrison.
United States Patent |
3,897,777 |
Morrison |
August 5, 1975 |
Head restraint
Abstract
A head restraint for immobilizing the head of an injured person
to prevent the aggravation or extension of his injuries during
transportation and examination. A pair of flexible plastic laminae
are sealingly bonded together along seams defining and surrounding
a generally U-shaped inflatable envelope having a trapezoidally
shaped, uninflated central web. The legs of the U-shaped envelope
are inflatable into a pair of spaced, pillow-like major lobes which
support the sides of the head. An inflatable minor lobe extends
between the major lobes adjacent a side of the web for supporting
the neck. One or two belts are tied over the restrained head,
around the restraint and under a support surface to clamp the major
lobes conformingly against opposite sides of the head.
Alternatively, a pillow casing encloses the inflated laminae for
conformingly clamping the lobes.
Inventors: |
Morrison; Robert D.
(Worthington, OH) |
Assignee: |
Morrison Medical Products
Company (Columbus, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
23875882 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/472,529 |
Filed: |
May 23, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
5/622; 378/208;
5/637; 5/644 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
5/05883 (20130101); A61F 5/34 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
5/01 (20060101); A61F 5/04 (20060101); A61F
5/058 (20060101); A61F 5/34 (20060101); A61F
013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/133,134,DIG.20,163,DIG.23,83,69,70,87,75 ;5/327R,327B,338,337
;269/322-328 ;27/21 ;248/118 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Recla; Henry J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Foster; Frank H.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A body restraint for immobilizing a body part of a person, said
restraint comprising:
a. a pair of spaced, resilient, pillow-like major lobes joined at
an inner side of each by a relatively central web; and
b. a supporting and drawing means comprising a casing of flexible
sheet material extending laterally around said major lobes and said
web and having a circumferential dimension less than the
corresponding peripheral dimension of said spaced lobes and web but
great enough to permit a body part to be lowered against the casing
intermediate said major lobes for depressing said casing into a
sling for receiving and supporting a body part and simultaneously
drawing said major lobes inwardly into clamping engagement with
said body part.
2. A restraint according to claim 1 wherein there is additionally
provided a rigid support surface upon which said restraint rests
and at least one flexible belt having fastening means for
connecting opposite ends of said belt for surrounding said
restraint, said body part and said support surface for further
restraining and clamping said body part between said major
lobes.
3. A restraint according to claim 1 wherein said lobes comprise a
resilient foam.
4. A restraint according to claim 1 wherein said major lobes are
inflatable and are constructed of a fluid impervious flexible sheet
material having a closable fluid inlet means formed therein.
5. A restraint according to claim 1 wherein said web is generally
trapezoidally shaped having said lobes formed adjacent its opposite
oblique sides.
6. A restraint according to claim 1 formed by a pair of generally
rectangular synthetic resin laminae sealingly bonded together along
seams defining and surrounding a generally U-shaped inflatable
envelope having an uninflated, generally trapezoidally shaped
central portion arranged with its shorter parallel side adjacent
the leg-joining portion of the U-shaped envelope.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to human body splints and braces
for restraining the head of a human. More particularly this
invention relates to a device for immobilizing the head of an
injured person so that it will not move and cause further injury
during transportation of the injured person from the scene of an
injury to an ambulance, and subsequently to a medical facility or
in a medical facility during examination, such as the taking of
x-ray photographs.
Special precautions need to be observed in the movement of a person
after an injury. Although such persons must be moved to a medical
facility where their injuries can be accurately diagnosed and be
given proper treatment, the person should be moved in a manner
which does not cause further injury. Frequently, injuries,
especially those incurred from an automobile accident, are such
that movement of the body is likely to cause further injury or to
substantially aggravate existing injuries. For example, in neck or
cervical spine injuries, such as whip lash, fractures or
dislocations, any movement of the head relative to the spine may
seriously aggravate the injury condition. Therefore, while it is
desirable to transport an injured person to a hospital or similar
medical facility as quickly as possible, it should not be done so
rapidly that precautions against further injury are not taken.
Of course, the ordinary cot, stretcher or litter is an attempt to
take into account the necessity for maintaining an injured person
in an immobile position. However, such a support platform still
permits the head of the injured person to move relative to the
spine. The undesirable relative motion includes rotation of the
head about the axis of the spine, pivotal neck bending movement and
worse of all a shearing or separation movement. The injured person
is most susceptible to such potentially harmful motion when he is
moved into an awaiting ambulance and when removed from the
ambulance to the hospital cot of the medical facility.
Two types of devices have been previously suggested to restrain the
head of an injured person. Some support surfaces for transporting
injured persons are provided with belts or straps which are tied
around the support surface and the head of the injured person to
hold the head in a relatively fixed position.
The second means previously suggested is a helmet designed to
surround and envelope the back, sides and top of the head. Typical
helmet systems include both inflatable envelopes entirely
surrounding the head as well as solid blocks of materials such as
rigid foam plastic having a contoured cavity for receiving the
head.
The simple strap tie down system, although simple and easy to
operate, does an inefficient job of securing the head. Straps tied
around the head and support surface permit some rotating movement
of the head because the head is secured primarily by frictional
engagement between the head and the straps. The helmet devices not
only are ordinarily large and bulky but are unusually complex and
time consuming to manipulate into an operable position. For
example, one such device is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,397,688. This
device requires extensive manipulation for the attachment of a
system of straps which must be threaded beneath the armpits of the
injured person to form a harness. Devices of this type which are
inflatable also require a substantial internal network of spacers
which are needed to make the helmet conform to the head. This
contoured conformation is of course the concept around which the
helmet devices are designed.
In addition, devices of the helmet type require that the head be
straightened into alignment with the cavity of the helmet prior to
its placement in the helmet. Consequently, with some of these
devices, the additional trauma to the patient caused by attachment
of the restraint device could be worse than the potential trauma
from movement during transportation without a restraint.
Desirably, a head restraint takes up very little storage space in
an ambulance or emergency vehicle. However, it is easily and
quickly accessible to the paramedics who arrive on the scene of the
injury and would be easily and quickly manipulatible into effective
operation.
When the ambulance arrives at a medical facility or hospital and a
patient is removed for treatment, it is desirable that the
ambulance driver, para-medics and equipment not be kept idle just
waiting for the return of the head restraint equipment. However, if
the head restraint equipment is expensive, an ambulance, which
otherwise could be providing further service, is immobilized
waiting for a piece of equipment.
There is, therefore a need for a head restraint which can be folded
into a small package for storage, very quickly unfolded and
inflated to an operable condition and easily installed upon the
patient and which can be operably positioned without necessitating
any significant movement of the patient during installation. There
is also a need for a restraint which can immobilize the head of the
patient in whatever position it is found subsequent to an injury.
There is further a need for such a device which is radiotransparent
so that it may be left in position during the taking of x-rays for
diagnosing the injury. Additionally, it would be desirable to have
such a restraint which is so inexpensive that it may be disposed of
and consequently does not cause an idle delay of the emergency
equipment.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is a head restraint for immobilizing the head of an
injured person, who is supine upon a support surface, against
movement relative to the person's spine. The restraint comprises a
pair of spaced, resilient pillow-like major lobes joined at an
inner side of each by a relatively central web and a drawing means
for drawing the major lobes into conformingly clamping engagement
on opposite sides of an interposed head.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved
head restraint of the type described above.
A further object of the invention is to provide a head restraint
which can restrain the head in whatever position it is found.
pg,6
Another object of the invention is to provide a head restraint of
maximum simplicity which may be quickly and easily installed in its
operable, functioning position to immobilize the head of an injured
person.
Another object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive head
restraint which can be stored in a small package, which can
potentially be disposed of after use and which is
radiotransparent.
It is another object of the invention to provide an inflatable
restraint which can alternatively be filled with hot or cold water
for the theraputic treatment of earaches or fever.
Another object of the invention is to provide a head restraint
which can be used as a cosmetic aid for retaining a head upon which
hair curlers are operably positioned or with hair set in place.
Further objects and features of the invention will be apparent from
the following specification and claims when considered in
connection with the accompanying drawings illustrating several
embodiments of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan view of an uninflated preferred embodiment of the
invention.
FIG. 2 is a view in perspective of the preferred embodiment of the
invention illustrated in FIG. 1 inflated and operable positioned
about the head of an injured person.
FIG. 3 is a view in vertical section taken substantially along the
lines 3--3 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a view in vertical section taken substantially along the
lines 4--4 of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a view in vertical section of an alternative embodiment
of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a bottom view illustrating yet another alternative
embodiment of the invention in an uninflated condition.
FIG. 7 is a view in vertical section similar to the view of FIG. 4
but illustrating the operable positioning of the alternative
embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is a top plan view of an uninflated restraint embodying the
invention and illustrates an alternative positioning of an
alternative type of rigidifying board in a pocket formed in the
restraint.
FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic view of a relaxed, unused restraint
embodying the invention and utilizing a casing as a drawing
means.
FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic view of the restraint of FIG. 9 with a
head operably positioned therein.
In describing the preferred embodiments of the invention
illustrated in the drawings, specific terminology will be resorted
to for the sake of clarity. However, it is not intended to be
limited to the specific terms so selected and it is to be
understood that each specific term includes all technical
equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a
similar purpose.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 illustrates a head restraint 4 embodying the present
invention. It is manufactured from a pair of rectangular flexible
synthetic resin or plastic sheets 6 and 8 such as top sheet 6 which
are heat-sealed, such as by dielectric heating, or equivalently
bonded along an air tight seam 12 around its perimeter. Similarly,
another seam 14 which forms three sides of a trapezoid is formed
around the central portion of the head restraint to define an
uninflatable trapezoidal web 16.
The flexible sheet material advantageously is provided with a
selected polymeric content so that it will not get hard and crack
in cold weather. For example, 16 mil cold workable vinyl film
either transparent or preferably colored signal yellow might be
used.
A short strap 17 with cooperating male and female snap fasteners
can be heat sealed to the restraint so that it can be removably
fastened to the tubular frame of an ambulance stretcher or cot.
A closable fluid inlet means 18, such as an air valve of the type
conventionally used in air matresses and the like, is provided so
that the head restraint may be inflated. The restraint is
inflatable into a pair of spaced, inflatable, pillowlike major
lobes 20 and 22 joined by the trapezoidally shaped central
uninflatable web 16 at its oblique sides.
An inflatable, minor, pillow-like lobe 24 extends between the major
lobes 20 and 22 adjacent the shorter of the two parallel sides of
the trapezoidal web 16. Thus, as shown in FIGS. 2-4, the minor lobe
24 supports the persons neck, the major lobes 20 and 22 support the
sides of the head and the trapezoidal shape of the web 16 permits
the major lobes 20 and 22 to be more approximately aligned with the
contours of the head.
Therefore, the preferred embodiment advantageously comprises a pair
of laminae which are sealingly bonded together along air tight
seams defining and surrounding a generally U-shaped inflatable
envelope having an uninflated generally trapezoidally shaped
central portion arranged with its shorter parallel side adjacent
the leg joining portion of the U-shaped envelope. The legs of the
U-shaped envelope are inflatable into contoured pillows for
clamping to the sides of the head while this leg joining portion
forms a minor lobe supportive of the neck.
FIGS. 2-4 illustrate an injured person 26 who is supine upon a
support surface 28 such as a carrying board. The uninflated web 16
has been interposed between the head 29 of the injured person and
the support surface 28. The major lobes 20 and 22 are shown
inflated in supporting relationship on the opposite sides of the
head 29. The minor lobe 24 supports the person's neck.
A drawing means such as a pair of belts or straps 30 and 32
surround the head, the restraint device and the support surface 28.
The belts 30 and 32 are tightened to conformingly clamp the major
lobes 20 and 22 compressively against opposite sides of the head 29
and to hold the clamped head rigidly upon the support surface 28.
The straps 30 and 32 have fastening means such as a buckle or as
illustrated and preferred a Velcro fastener 34 for connecting the
opposite ends of the belts tightly together. Adhesive tape may
alternatively be used as the drawing means.
In operation, a preferred embodiment of the invention is folded and
stored for example, in a small envelope-like wrapper. Preferably, a
supply of several similarly packaged head restraints are available
in the emergency vehicle.
The para-medic at the scene withdraws a device embodying the
present invention from its wrapper and unfolds it preparatory to
inflation. Preferably, the device is then inflated and positioned
on a support surface, such as a stretcher or litter. A pumping bulb
outfitted with a check valve and a coupling, mating with inlet
means 18, may be provided for hand inflation. Alternatively, the
restraint may be mouth inflated. The injured person is then moved
by conventional techniques onto the support surface and the head
restraint.
Alternatively, of course, the inflated preferred embodiment of the
invention can be positioned under the head of the injured person
after he has been positioned upon the support surface. This of
course, necessitates some slight lifting of the head in order to
slip the minor lobe 24 past the back of the head and beneath the
nape of the neck. Of course, as a third alternative the web 16 may
be slid under the head prior to inflation of the head restraint.
The restraint is subsequently inflated thereby avoiding unnecessary
movement of the head.
With the head between the inflated major lobes 20 and 22, the belts
30 and 32 are then passed beneath the support surface 28 and across
the top of the head 29 where they are pulled tightly to clamp the
head between the slightly compressed major lobes 20 and 22. Because
of the flexible nature of the material of which the restraint is
constructed, and because the major lobes 20 and 22 are joined to
the central web 16 primarily along a relatively straight line,
these major pillow-like lobes can pivot easily against the sides of
the head into clamping relationship. This characteristic permits
the major lobes to clamp the head in a fixed position regardless of
whether or not the head is rotated from the straight forward
position illustrated in FIGS. 2-4. The head can be clamped and
retained in any position.
FIG. 5 illustrates a head restraint 50 substantially identical to
the head restraint illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 except that a third,
substantially rectangular layer 52 is heat sealed or equivalently
bonded along three of its sides beneath the head restraint to form
a pocket 54. A rigid flat sheet 56 of material can be inserted in
this pocket and formed, if desired, with a tongue extending out of
the pocket and behind the torso of an injured person. The head
restraint can then be used in the absence of a normal support
surface or can be used to immobilize the head of a person caught
for example in the wreckage of a vehicle. The tongue portion of the
flat sheet extending behind the torso of the injured person can be
affixed to the torso by adhesive tape or by one or more straps to
fix the rigid sheet relative to the spine of the person. The head
restraint embodying the present invention would then be attached to
the head in the manner described above. The person may subsequently
be removed from the wreckage and placed upon a conventional support
surface for transport to the hospital with the head restraint
already in place and the head retained in the desired position.
As still another alternative embodiment of the invention the pocket
and the rigid flat sheet could be equivalently formed by a single
layer of rigid plastic bonded to the head restraint.
FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate yet another alternative embodiment of the
invention. The head restraint 60 of FIG. 6 is substantially
identical to the head restraint illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 except
that there is additionally provided a third layer or lamina 62 of
flexible plastic bonded to the underside of the restraint to form a
series of inflatable ribs 66 which can be inflated to rigidify the
head restraint. A non-skid coating or material can be used on these
ribs so that the restraint can be laid upon a support platform
without slippage relative to the person's body. The support straps
can then be attached to the outer edges of the major lobes so that
they would not have to be wound entirely around the assembled
unit.
Various other alternative embodiments of the invention are, of
course, also possible. For example, the invention could embody a
pair of independent major lobes not joined by the neck supporting
minor lobe and which are independently inflated. Such a pair of
lobes joined by the trapezoidally shaped central web would exhibit
some of the desirable characteristics of the preferred embodiment
of the invention.
As yet another alternative, the central web of the preferred
embodiment can alternatively comprise a fabric or other material
which is dissimilar to the material of which the inflated,
pillow-like lobes are constructed.
Also, the pocket described above could be formed without the
necessity of an additional third laminated layer of material. By
cutting a slit along, but on the web side of the seam 14 in FIG. 1
through a single layer of material a pocket can be formed between
the two primary laminae.
FIG. 8 illustrates such a pocket formed in a restraint 70. With a
slit 72 cut through only one layer a winged rigidifying board 74
may be slipped into the pocket 76.
FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate still another alternative embodiment of
the invention. A casing 80 somewhat like a pillow case and
preferably constructed of a similar material extends laterally
around the major lobes 82 and 84 and the web 86. This casing 80 has
a circumferential or peripheral dimension smaller than the
corresponding peripheral dimension of the lobes and web so that the
lobes are somewhat drawn together by it. However, although the
lobes are somewhat drawn together by the relaxed casing 80 they are
still far enough apart that a head can be lowered against the
casing and between the lobes.
When the head is lowered in this manner, the casing operates as the
drawing means by drawing the major lobes in clamping engagement on
opposite sides of the lowered head.
The restraint may be used with no other drawing means.
Alternatively, if even greater restraint is desired the restraint
with a casing can additionally be used with the other types of
drawing means previously disclosed such as an encircling strap 88
as shown in FIG. 10.
From the above description it will now become obvious that the
lobes of the restraint could be made from molded or sculptured
resilient foam such as a polyurethane foam. The firm resilience of
such a foam would permit it to have many of the advantageous
characteristics of the inflated embodiment of the invention.
From the above, it can be seen that I have provided a head
restraint which is simple, easy and inexpensive to construct and
requires a minimum of space to store and is easy to inflate to an
operable position. It is likewise easy to attach to the human body
and enables the head to be restrained in any position. Because of
the inexpensive materials of which it is made and because of its
simplicity of construction, it may be disposable.
It is to be understood that while the detailed drawings and
specific examples given describe preferred embodiments of the
invention, they are for purposes of illustration only, that the
apparatus of the invention is not limited to the precise details
and conditions disclosed and that various changes may be made
therein without departing from the spirit of the invention which is
defined by the following claims.
* * * * *