U.S. patent number 3,896,536 [Application Number 05/486,987] was granted by the patent office on 1975-07-29 for orienter for wood strands.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Potlatch Corporation. Invention is credited to Harold A. Keller, Robert J. Saunders.
United States Patent |
3,896,536 |
Keller , et al. |
July 29, 1975 |
Orienter for wood strands
Abstract
A device for orienting elongated wood strands comprises an
initial strand orienter feeding a cylindrical, finned drum. The
drum is rotatable about a central drum axis parallel to a receiving
caul surface. The peripheral surface of the drum includes a
plurality of strand orienting fins spaced apart in parallel facing
pairs for receiving a continuous measured supply of elongated wood
strands or "furnish" from the initial orienter. The strand
orienting fins are spaced apart on the drum's peripheral surface by
a distance less than the nominal strand length, whereby strands
directed onto the peripheral surface between the paired fins are
oriented along the fin surfaces with the lengths of the individual
strands substantially parallel to one another and to the fins.
Means is provided for confining the strands within a space between
the fins and drum periphery as the fins are moved in a rotational
path from a loading station to a discharge station at which the
strands are allowed to fall gravitationally onto the caul surface.
A second drum may be provided intermediate the first drum and the
caul surface. The second drum includes transfer means for receiving
strands from the first drum and moving the strands in a rotational
path toward the caul surface from the first discharge station to a
second discharge station. At the second discharge station, the
strands are released to fall gravitationally across the supporting
caul surface. In either embodiment, the caul surface is moved
horizontally relative to the central drum axis in a direction
identical to the direction of movement of the adjacent drum
surface. A uniform felted layer of oriented strands is thereby
formed along the caul surface.
Inventors: |
Keller; Harold A. (Clarkston,
WA), Saunders; Robert J. (Lewiston, ID) |
Assignee: |
Potlatch Corporation (San
Francisco, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
23933934 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/486,987 |
Filed: |
July 10, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
29/822; 28/126;
29/419.1; 198/382; 198/560; 198/611; 198/689.1; 425/83.1;
425/110 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B27N
3/143 (20130101); Y10T 29/49801 (20150115); Y10T
29/53539 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
B27N
3/14 (20060101); B27N 3/08 (20060101); B23q
007/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;29/211R,419,211L,2R,2A,2P ;264/109,113 ;161/169,170,168
;198/278,279,25,56,53,248,241,242,243 ;425/110,80,83 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lanham; C. W.
Assistant Examiner: Di Palma; Victor A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Wells, St. John & Roberts
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A device for orienting elongated wood strands and for forming an
oriented layer of said strands across the transverse width of a
caul surface preparatory to production of a reconstituted wood
product, said strands each presenting a nominal length greater than
its width and being oriented in a prescribed direction along the
transverse width of said caul, said device comprising:
a source of strands;
said caul surface being located below said source of strands;
a cylindrical drum interposed between the source of strands and the
caul surface and having an axial width substantially equal to the
transverse caul surface width;
said cylindrical drum being rotatably mounted about a central drum
axis parallel to the caul surface, said drum having an outer
peripheral surface extending continuously across the width of the
caul surface;
drive means operatively connected to said drum for imparting to the
drum rotational motion in a prescribed angular direction about the
central drum axis;
delivery means for receiving strands from the source and for
directing a substantially-uniform array of strands onto the
rotating drum peripheral surface at a loading station located
between said drum and said delivery means at a first angular
position with respect to the central drum axis;
strand orienting fins on said drum, said fins including a plurality
of adjacent fin surfaces facing one another in pairs, said fin
surfaces being located across the drum width and extending
outwardly to outer fin edges, said fins being spaced apart at said
peripheral surface by distances less than the nominal strand
length, whereby strands directed onto the drum peripheral surface
between said fins are oriented substantially parallel to one
another by contact with the fin surfaces; and
means for confining the strands within a plurality of spaces on the
drum, each space being bounded by the drum peripheral surface and a
pair of said fin surfaces, as the strands are moved about said
rotational path to a discharge station at a second angular position
displaced about the central drum axis from said first angular
position, and for releasing the strands to fall gravitationally
onto the caul surface at said discharge station;
said caul surface and central drum axis being movable relative to
one another to enable an elongated layer of oriented strands to be
formed on the caul surface.
2. The device set out in claim 1 wherein said delivery means is
comprised of an initial strand orienter having a plurality of
upright vanes parallel to the outer fin edges on said drum, said
vanes extending upwardly from bottom end edges adjacent to said
drum and loading station, to upper vane end edges;
said upper vane end edges being sufficiently spaced apart to
receive strands from said source.
3. The device set out in claim 2 wherein said bottom vane end edges
are each angularly inclined in the direction of rotation of said
drum.
4. The device set out in claim 3 wherein the upper vane end edges
are spaced apart by distances greater than the nominal length of
the strands, and the bottom vane end edges are spaced apart by
distances less than the nominal length of the strands.
5. The device set out in claim 2 wherein the radial distance from
the outer fin edges to the bottom vane end edges, with respect to
said central drum axis, is less than the nominal length of said
strands.
6. The device set out in claim 1 wherein said means for confining
the strands is comprised of an arcuate shroud located closely
adjacent said drum and extending (a) continuously axially over the
drum to enshroud the strand orienting fins axially along the drum
over the width of the caul surface and (b) angularly in the
direction of rotation of said drum about said central drum axis
between the loading station and discharge station, from a top edge
of the shroud located adjacent to and downstream from said loading
station, to a bottom edge of the shroud located adjacent to and
upstream from said discharge station.
7. The device set out in claim 1 wherein the drum is hollow and
enclosed with said peripheral surface having a plurality of
apertures therein openly communicating with the drum interior;
and wherein said means for confining the strands is comprised of a
vacuum source in communication with a portion of the drum interior
for applying a suction force inwardly through the apertures in an
angular space between the loading station and the discharge
station.
8. The device set out in claim 1 wherein the linear velocity of
said orienting fins at said discharge station as they rotate about
said central axis is equal to or greater than the relative velocity
between the caul and central drum axis.
9. A device for orienting elongated wood strands each having a
nominal length greater than its width and for forming a layer of
directionally-oriented strands on a caul surface preparatory to
production of a reconstituted wood product, comprising:
a source of strands;
a receiving caul surface having a prescribed transverse width
located below said source of strands;
a first drum interposed between the source of strands and the caul
surface having an axial width substantially equal to the width of
the caul surface;
said first drum being rotatably mounted about a first central drum
axis parallel to the caul surface, said first drum having an outer
peripheral surface extending continuously across the width of said
caul surface;
first drive means operatively connected to said first drum for
imparting to the first drum rotational motion in a prescribed
angular direction about the first central drum axis;
delivery means for receiving strands from the source and for
directing a substantially uniform array of strands onto the
rotating first drum peripheral surface at a loading station between
said first drum and said delivery means at a first angular position
with respect to said first central drum axis;
strand orienting fins on said first drum, said fins including a
plurality of adjacent fin surfaces facing one another in pairs,
said fin surfaces being located across the drum width and extending
outwardly from the peripheral surface to outer fin edges, said fins
being spaced apart at said peripheral surface by distances less
than the nominal strand length, whereby strands directed onto the
peripheral surface between the fins are oriented substantially
parallel to one another by contact with the fin surfaces;
first means for confining the strands within a plurality of spaces
on the first drum, each space being bounded by the peripheral
surface of the drum and a pair of said fins, as the strands are
moved about the rotational path from said loading station to a
discharge station at a second position displaced about the first
central drum axis from said first angular position and for
releasing said strands at the discharge station to fall
gravitationally from between said fins;
a second drum located between said first drum and caul surface for
rotation about a second central drum axis parallel to the first
central drum axis, said second drum having a peripheral surface
thereon coaxial with said second central drum axis and extending
continuously across the width of the caul surface;
second drive means operatively connected to said second drum for
imparting to said second drum rotational motion about the second
central drum axis in a direction of rotation opposite to that of
said first drum;
strand transfer means on said second drum for receiving strands at
said discharge station from said first drum and for moving said
strands therefrom about said second central axis to an angular
displaced final discharge station adjacent said caul surface where
said strands are released to fall gravitationally onto said caul
surface;
second means for confining the strands on said transfer means as
they are moved therewith from said discharge station to said final
discharge station; and
said caul surface and said second central drum axis being movable
relative to one another so an elongated layer of oriented strands
may be formed on the caul surface.
10. The device set out in claim 9 wherein said delivery means is
comprised of an initial strand orienter having a plurality of
upright vanes arranged parallel to the outer fin edges on said
first drum, said upright vanes extending upwardly from bottom vane
end edges adjacent to said loading station, to upper vane end edges
spaced apart relative to one another to receive strands from said
source.
11. The device set out in claim 10 wherein said bottom vane end
edges are angularly inclined in the direction of rotation of said
first drum.
12. The device set out in claim 10 wherein the upper vane end edges
are spaced apart by distances greater than the average length of
the strands and the bottom vane end edges are spaced apart by
distances less than the nominal length of the strands.
13. The device set out in claim 9 wherein said means for confining
the strands is comprised of an arcuate shroud located closely
adjacent said first drum and extending (a) continuously axially
thereover to enshroud the strand orienting fins along the drum over
the width of the caul surface and (b) angularly in the direction of
rotation of said first drum about said first central drum axis
between the loading station and discharge station, from a top edge
of the shroud located adjacent to and downstream from said loading
station to a bottom edge of the shroud located adjacent to and
upstream from said discharge station.
14. The device set out in claim 9 wherein the second drum is hollow
and enclosed with said peripheral surface having a plurality of
apertures therein openly communicating with the drum interior;
and wherein said second means for confining the strands is
comprised of a vacuum source in communication with a portion of the
second drum interior for applying a suction force inwardly through
the apertures in an angular space between the loading station and
the final discharge station.
15. The device set out in claim 10 wherein the radial distance from
the outer fin edges to the bottom vane end edges, with respect to
the central axis of the first drum, is less than the nominal length
of said strands.
16. The device set out in claim 9 wherein the linear velocity of
said fins with respect to said first central drum axis is equal to
or greater than the velocity of the strand transfer means with
respect to said second central drum axis.
17. The device set out in claim 16 wherein the relative linear
velocity between the caul surface and said second central drum axis
is equal to or less than the velocity of said strand transfer means
at said final discharge station.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention disclosed herein basically relates to an apparatus
for orienting wood strands to produce a felted mat or layer of such
strands for ultimate pressing to form a structural reconstituted
wood panel or board. Wood "strands" are elongated along the wood
grain with the length dimension of each strand being substantially
greater than its width dimension across the grain. When making a
panel or board, the strands are coated with an appropriate binder,
then distributed in a layer on a caul plate as uniformly as
possible. This layer is then compacted and cured under high
pressure, with or without heat, to bond the strands together.
It has been found that it is desirable to orient the strands in
overlapping angular relationships with their lengths substantially
parallel to one another and with one edge of the board or panel so
as to more closely match the natural dimensional strength
properties of wood or veneers. Several layers of strands may be
combined to form a final product similar to plywood, where oriented
layers are arranged or laid up with the grain in each layer
substantially perpendicular to the grain in the adjacent
layers.
Various attempts have been made to orient wood strands so they
become substantially parallel to one another along their lengths.
In most methods, randomly distributed strands are directed between
upright spaced vanes of a single orienting device positioned over a
moving horizontal caul surface. The plates are arranged parallel to
the direction of movement of the caul and may be oscillated or
vibrated as disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,040,801 and No.
3,478,861. These devices are serviceable to somewhat orient wood
strands in a prescribed direction. However, for effective operation
the caul must move parallel to the plates. Such plate or vane-type
orienters have been proposed also for orienting wood strands
substantially perpendicular to the path of movement of the caul.
This process is usually slow and the orienting effect is somewhat
impared by the perpendicular caul movement.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,115,431 discloses an orienter comprised of a
plurality of circular discs mounted to spaced drive shafts. The
shafts are positioned so the discs on one shaft overlap and extend
between discs on the other shaft. The shafts are powered to rotate
in opposite directions and the discs rotate therewith. Strands
received between the rotating discs are dropped onto a caul and
oriented substantially parallel to the path of movement of the
caul.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,854,372 discloses a process for forming a wood
particleboard and product wherein random particles are deposited
between opposed moving belts. The belts are powered to move in
identical directions with operating flights converging gradually in
the direction of travel. Strands are received between the working
flights of the conveyors. As the strands progress between the
working flights, the particles are compressed to form a board
wherein the individual strands therein are oriented substantially
paralled to a prescribed plane. A secondary process disclosed in
this patent uses a vertical box mold wherein strands are projected
in a direction parallel to the surface of the intended board to
build up the board from one edge thereof with the strands being
orieneted parallel to that edge.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,714,700 discloses a method and appratus for
orienting slender particles such as wood strands through
utilization of a curved chute. The chute is curved about a
horizontal axis and includes a lower discharge end. A conveyor at
the discharge end of the chute moves in a direction away from the
discharge end. Strands are dropped onto the chute and allowed to
slide freely down the chute to drop onto the moving support
surface. The furnish is dropped onto the chute at random. The
orienting theory behind this particular device is that any strands
not substantially parallel to the axis of curvature of the chute
have to span a part of that curve as as a result, quickly shift
into the desired position.
German Pat. No. 976,840 shows an orienting device that oscillates
about a shaft wherein the furnish is oriented by a wedge formed
within the body of the device. The body is oscillated about the
shaft to alternately receive a supply of strands from a supply
source and move the strands downwardly to deposit them in groups on
a caul surface below. Shrouds are provided on opposed sides of the
body to prevent the oriented furnish from falling prematurely out
of the troughs during turning of the device. The orienting troughs
are formed within a body and extend inwardly from a cylindrical
outer surface to a point substantially near the axis of the
drum.
In the present apparatus, furnish is delivered from a supply source
to an initial orienter, and subsequently, onto a peripheral surface
between fins of an orienting drum that rotates in a single
rotational direction below the initial orienter. The strands are
partially oriented through operation of the initial orienter so
they may be supplied to the rotating drum in relatively high
volumes. The fin spacing on the drum is predetermined to provide a
desired degree of orientation. Outward edges of the fins are spaced
apart by distances greater than the spacing of inside fin edges
joined to the drum periphery. A shroud or vacuum source is provided
as means for confining the strands between the fins on the drum as
they are moved about a prescribed rotational path from a loading
station at a first angular position on the drum adjacent the output
of the initial orienter to a discharge station at a second angular
position displaced about the central drum axis and adjacent a
horizontally moving receiving caul surface. The strands are allowed
to fall freely from between the fins at the discharge station.
Rotational velocity of the drum may be synchronized with the linear
speed of the caul so groups or bundles of strands dropping from
between the fins are deposited in a uniform layer on the caul
surface. The speed of the caul relative to the rotational speed of
the drum may be selectively controlled to produce a crowding effect
on the groups of strands as they are deposited onto the caul
surface.
The present invention also provides for the use of a secondary drum
as a transfer means between the finned drum and caul surface. The
secondary drum is utilized to further achieve the crowding effect
by rotating at a slower rate than the finned drum and at a speed
substantially equal to the linear speed of the caul surface.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A device is described herein for orienting elongated wood strands,
each strand having a nominal length greater than its width.
Normally the length will be at least three times the width. The
device forms a layer of directionally oriented strands on a
supporting caul surface preparatory to production of a
reconstituted wood product. The device is comprised of a drum
interposed between a source of strands and a caul surface. The drum
is mounted for rotation about a central drum axis parallel to the
caul surface and is powered by a drive means for continuous
rotational motion in a prescribed angular direction about the axis.
Delivery means is provided for receiving strands from the source
and for directing a uniform array of strands onto the rotating
peripheral surface of the drum at a loading station located at a
first angular position relative to the central drum axis, between
the drum and delivery means. The drum includes a plurality of
strand-orienting fins having fin surfaces arranged in parallel
pairs facing one another and extending outwardly from the drum
peripheral surface. Adjacent fins are spaced apart at the
peripheral drum surface by distances less than the nominal strand
length. Strands received between the paired fins are therefore
oriented by contact with the fin surfaces as they move about a
rotational path coaxial to the central drum axis. Means is further
provided for confining the strands within a plurality of spaces on
the drum, each space being bounded by the drum peripheral surface
and a pair of said fin surfaces as the strands move to a discharge
station located at a second angular position with respect to the
central drum axis. The confining means operates to release strands
to fall gravitationally onto the caul support surface at the
discharge station. In a second form, a secondary drum is utilized.
It is interposed between the first-described drum and the caul
surface. Strands are received by a strand transfer means on the
second drum at the discharge station and are confined within a
space thereon bounded by the drum peripheral surface along an
angular path extending from the discharge station to a final
discharge station adjacent to the caul surface. The second drum is
powered to rotate about a second central drum axis that is
substantially parallel to the caul surface and to the axis of the
firstdescribed drum. The direction of rotation of the second drum
at the final discharge station is identical to the direction of
movement of the caul surface. Second means for confining the
strands as they are moved to said final discharge station is
provided.
It is a first object of the present invention to provide a device
for receiving a furnish comprised of elongated wood strands,
orienting the strands so their lengths are substantially parallel
to one another, and transferring the oriented strands onto the
supporting surface of a moving caul.
A second object is to provide such a device that will enable
placement or "felting" of oriented strands onto a caul surface
moving substantially transverse to the oriented lengths of the
strands.
It is a further object to provide such a device that will
efficiently handle large volumes of randomly oriented furnish at a
substantially increased rate in comparison to that of known prior
art orienting devices.
Another object is to provide for a tangential discharge of strands
onto a moving caul surface so the layer being formed, and/or
previously deposited layers thereon are not disturbed or otherwise
disoriented.
It is an additional object to provide such a device that will
produce a layer of oriented strands of substantially uniform
thickness and strand density on a caul surface.
It is a yet further object to provide such a device that is
operable to orient elongated wood strands so their lengths are
substantially parallel to one another at a degree of orientation
substantially greater than prior known orienters.
These and further objects and advantages will become apparent upon
reading the following disclosure which, taken with the accompanying
drawings, disclose preferred and alternate forms of the present
invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred and alternate forms of the present invention are
diagrammatically illustrated in the accompanying drawings
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a preferred form of the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded isometric view of a drum and confining
means;
FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of an alternate form of the
invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectioned view taken substantially along line 4--4 in
FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of an additional form of the
invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic representation of one type of felted layer
formed by operation of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is another diagrammatic representation of a felted layer of
strands formed by the device;
FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of another form of the
invention;
FIG. 9 is a side elevational view of another form of the
invention;
FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of a yet further alternative
form of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a pictorail view of an alternate form of drum that may
be utilized with the present invention; and
FIG. 12 is a sectioned view taken along line 12--12 in FIG. 11.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The device illustrated in several forms in the accompanying
drawings is basically utilized to receive elongated wood strands or
a "furnish" from a supply source, orient the furnish and place it
tangentially onto a horizontally moving caul support surface 12 to
form a "felt" or uniform layer of strands across the caul width and
along the length of the caul. Such layers are diagrammatically
illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings wherein
the oriented strands are designated generally by the reference
numeral 9.
Strands 9 are delivered to the device of the present invention from
a supply source 11. Supply source 11 may be a conveyor feeding into
a rod cage spreader as shown or any appropriate apparatus for
delivering a uniform "rain" of furnish to the device at a
prescribed rate over a designated area of coverage.
The "rain" of furnish is received from supply source 11 by a
delivery means of the present invention that is generally indicated
at 18. Delivery means 18 may be comprised of a form of "vane" type
initial or pre-orienter such as a stationary vane pre-orienter 27
or an oscillating pre-orienter 27a. The stationary vane
pre-orienter 27 is illustrated in FIGS. 1, 5 and 9; the oscillating
vane pre-orienter 27a is shown in FIGS. 3, 8 and 10. Furnish moves
through either pre-oreinter with the strands being somewhat
oriented thereby before falling gravitationally onto a rotating
drum 16. This "pre-orientation" greatly assists the operating rate
of the present apparatus. The "pre-oriented" furnish is worked into
a final oriented condition by the drum 16 as it is received at a
loading station 24 and subsequently moved to a discharge station
25. Means 22 is provided for confining the furnish against the drum
periphery and between adjacent facing fin surfaces extending
outwardly from the drum, as the drum 16 is rotated to bring the
strands in a prescribed rotational path to a tangential discharge
station 25. The strands are dropped in oriented groups at discharge
station 25 to fall gravitationally onto the moving caul surface 12
below.
Both forms of the delivery means 18 illustrated in the accompanying
drawings are comprised similarly of a plurality of upright vanes
29. Vanes 29 extend from bottom end edges 31 adjacent to loading
station 24, upwardly to upper end edges 33. The upper end edges 33
are parallel and spaced apart from one another by distances
determined with respect to the average or nominal length of the
strands in the furnish. Generally speaking, the vanes 29 of the
stationary pre-orienter 27 are spaced apart so that the distance
between vanes adjacent their upper end edges 33 is substantially
greater than the nominal length of the strands in the furnish and
the bottom end edges 31 are spaced apart by a distance less than
the nominal strand length. In the oscillating vane pre-orienter
27a, the vanes may be planar in configuration and spaced apart
relative to one another by distances less than the nominal length
of strands 9.
Upright vanes 29 of the stationary vane pre-orienter 27 (FIGS. 1,2)
serve to initially orient the furnish as it falls gravitationally
through and between the converging vanes. Since the spacing between
bottom end edges 31 is less than the nominal length of the strands,
a pre-orientation of the strands must take place before they are
allowed to fall gravatationally through the spaces between bottom
end edges 31. Also, upper edges 33 are elevationally staggered
across orienter 27 to more quickly pre-orient the strands received
from source 11. The upper projecting edges are spaced apart by
distances greater than the strand lengths so no strand can bridge
any two adjacent edges. The elevationally staggered edges serve to
turn some strands toward the desired orientation while allowing a
higher through-put of furnish, than would elevationally even edges.
Side walls of the higher edges further aid in pre-orientation as
the falling strands move downwardly past the lower edges.
The oscillating vanes of orienter 27a (FIGS. 3,4) include upwardly
projecting sawtooth edges 36 that enhance orientation of the
strands as they move opposite to one another. Since the vanes 29 of
this form are spaced apart less than the nominal length of strands
9, individual strands may come to rest with one end resting on the
sawtoothed edge 36 of one vane 29 and its other end resting on an
adjacent vane. The opposed movement of the adjacent vanes however
serves to turn the strand in a direction parallel to the length of
the vanes, allowing it to fall between the vanes and onto drum
16.
Oscillating vane orienter 27a is illustrated in greater detail by
FIG. 4. Vanes 29 of this orienter are pivoted about axes of spaced
shafts 34. Each vane 29 is connected at one end to a driving crank
arm 38. The remaining end of the vane is connected to an idler
crank arm 39. Driving crank arms 38 and idler crank arms 39 are
pivotably mounted to shafts 34. Vanes 29 are operated to oscillate
opposite one another by means of a motor 40 and eccentric drive
mechanism 37. Drive mechanism 37 is connected to driving crank arms
38 through means of elongated connecting rods 42. As eccentric
drive mechanism 37 is rotated, vanes 29 are simultaneously operated
to oscillate back and forth in opposed directions, as indicated by
arrows B. Strands received across the sawtooth edges 36 are thereby
turned, as described, towards an orientation substantially parallel
to the planar surfaces of vanes 29.
The bottom end edges 31 of both forms of initial or pre-orienters
described above are provided with angular bent portions 32. These
bent portions 32 serve a dual function. First, they lend a
longitudinal rigidity to the vanes that is a desirable
characteristic, especially with the oscillating type orienter 27a.
Such rigidity enables construction of the vanes 29 from relatively
thin material. Secondly, the bent portions 32 serve to direct
falling strands in the prescribed rotational direction of drum 16.
This direction is illustrated in the drawings by directional
indicating arrows A.
Drum 16 is illustrated in substantial detail by FIG. 2 of the
drawings. As may be noted, the drum includes a peripheral
cylindrical surface 19 extending continuously about the central
rotational drum axis and axially across the full width of caul 12.
As may be noted in the drawings, the central drum axis is parallel
to the supporting caul surface 12. A drive means 21 is provided to
affect continuous rotation of drum 16 in a prescribed angular
direction as indicated by arrows A, about the central axis. Drum 16
is located intermediate the caul surface 12 and delivery means 18
with the central rotational axis being substantially parallel to
the vanes 29 and to the horizontal caul surface 12.
A plurality of fins 56 are arranged in pairs on drum 16. Fins 56
are arranged on the drum so their planar surfaces 56a face one
another and the edges thereof are arranged parallel to the upright
vanes 29 of delivery means 18. Fins 56 are fixed to the peripheral
surface 19 of the drum so they rotate in unison with the drum 16 in
the direction indicated by arrows A. A corresponding directional
path is provided for the caul surface 12 and is indicated by arrow
C in FIGS. 1, 3, 5, 8, 9 and 10.
As described above, fins 56 extend radially outward from the
cylindrical peripheral surface 19 of drum 16. They include inside
edges 57 mounted to and spaced equally about the drum periphery 19.
Fins 56 also include spaced outside edges 58. Edges 57 and 58 are
parallel and extend across the axial length of drum 16.
Drum 16 is located below delivery means 18 so outside edges 58 of
fins 56 are located a prescribed radial distance from the bottom
end edges 31 of vanes 29 with respect to the central drum axis.
This distance is within a range related to the nominal strand
length and may be broadly defined as being less than the nominal
strand length.
The radial orientation of fins 56 is such that the spacing between
inside edges 57 is slightly less than the spacing between outside
edges 58. This characteristic affects orientation of the furnish
received from delivery means 18 since drum 16 is designed so the
inside fin edges 57 are spaced apart by distances less than the
nominal length of strands 9. The slightly converging surfaces 56a
move the strands into orientation as they drop toward drum
periphery 19.
It is important to note that the fins 56 do not extend inwardly
beyond peripheral surface 19 of drum 16. This consideration serves
an important purpose. The relatively large number of spaces between
fins enables substantially greater operational speed or rotation of
drum 16 while allowing efficient and accurate felting of a strand
layer of prescribed thickness on caul surface 12.
To further assist the orientation process, it has been discovered
that it is desirable to control the flow rate of furnish into the
device so that approximately 20% of the volume included between
adjacent fins is filled with strands at loading station 24. With
such a volume, strands 9 are allowed to slide over the fin surfaces
56a as they move about the rotational path downwardly from loading
station 24 toward discharge station 25. The strands therefore will
become aligned with the planar surfaces 56a if they are not already
in such a condition.
A number of rotatable brushes 55 may be included to control infeed
of the pre-oriented furnish to drum 16. Brushes 55 may be rotated
opposite to drum 16 in order to prevent undesirable discharge of
furnish and to insure proper filling of the space between each pair
of fins 56.
The confining means 22 is provided to prevent disengagement of the
furnish from between fins 56 as they move from loading station 24
to discharge station 25. Two forms of confining means 22 are
illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The first form is
comprised of an arcuate shroud 44. Shroud 44 may be fixed relative
to rotation of drum 16 and is placed closely adjacent to the
outside edges 58 of fins 56. It is sufficiently elongated axially
over drum 16 to axially overlap the lengths of fins 56. Shroud 44
further extends angularly about the drum to overlap the fins
between loading station 24 and discharge station 25. Strands held
between fins 56 are able to slide into abutment with the shroud 44
as they move between the stations 24 and 25. Shroud 44 thereby
confines the strands between the fins 56 while allowing them to
slide and to be pushed along its interior surface.
Shroud 44 includes an upper edge 45 located angularly above the
axis of drum 16 and adjacent to the loading station 24. A lower
edge 46 of shroud 44 is displaced angularly below the central dum
axis and is adjacent to the discharge station 25. Furnish brought
beyond the lower edge 46 is allowed to fall freely tangentially
onto the caul surface 12.
A second form of the confining means 22 utilizes a vacuum source 48
to hold the strands against the drum periphery. In this form,
(FIGS. 3, 9 and 11) drum 16 is enclosed on both ends. Angularly
spaced stationary radial wiper seals 51 are positioned within the
drum to seal an area about the drum periphery where it is desirable
that the strands be retained in engagement with the drum periphery
19 and between fin surfaces 56a. A plurality of apertures 52 are
provided about the periphery 19 so that vacuum pressure may be
applied to draw air inwardly through the apertures and into a
vacuum area 54 located between the angularly oriented wiper seals
51. Wiper seals 51 are positioned so that suction force is applied
to strands as they move from loading station 24 to discharge
station 25. The vacuum force is broken at discharge station 25 and
the furnish is allowed to fall freely and tangentially from the
rotating drum 16 onto the moving caul support surface.
Caul surface 12 is driven to move relative to the central drum axis
25 along a path transverse to the axis. The linear velocity of caul
support surface 12 in the form of the device shown in FIGS. 1, 3
and 8 may be synchronized with the velocity of the fins 56 at
discharge station 25 relative to the drum axis. This arrangement
enables groups or clusters of strands 9 held between each adjacent
pair of fins 56 to be individually deposited tangentially onto the
caul support surface 12 or onto a previously felted layer of
strands. The equal velocities and the tangential relationship
between the caul and the drum prevent fins 56 from moving or raking
through the previously-deposited felted mat. This is an important
feature since the equal velocities allow the caul surface 12 to be
placed closely adjacent to the outside edges 58 of fins 56. With
such a close relationship, the furnish falls only a short distance
and is therefore maintained in the original orientation produced by
the combined efforts of initial strand orienters 27 or 27a and the
fins 56. Orientation is further maintained since the furnish is
held in individual groups between adjacent fins 56 and thereby
falls as loose groups rather than as individual strands. The larger
mass of the clusters tends to hold the component strands in
alignment as they drop onto the caul.
FIG. 6 is illustrative of a felted mat deposited onto a caul
support surface 12 through operation of the form of the present
device illustrated in FIGS. 1, 3 and 8. Dashed lines are utilized
in FIG. 6 to designate or define individual groups of strands
previously held between adjacent fins 56 on drum 16. In such a
layer, the area previously occupied by fins 56, or the spacing
between individual groups, is substantially less in density and the
area approximately in the center of each group. Under some
circumstances this may be a desirable characteristic. However, if a
more uniform density is desired along the length of the layer, an
effect may be produced such as that illustrated in FIG. 7 by
utilizing one of two methods. First, the clusters may be crowded
together on the caul if the velocity of the fins is controlled to
be greater than the linear velocity of the caul, or by utilizing a
secondary drum 60 as shown in FIGS. 5, 9 and 10.
The second drum 60 is positioned intermediate the first drum 16 and
caul support surface 12. It is mounted to framework 13 for rotation
about a second drum axis parallel to the central axis of the first
drum 16 and is angularly positioned below drum 16 so that its
peripheral cylindrical surface 61 extends between discharge station
25 and a final discharge station 63 adjacent caul support surface
12. The peripheral cylindrical surface 61 of second drum 60 is
utilized as a transfer means 64. The transfer means 64 is powered
by a second drive means 62 to rotate opposite drum 16. Transfer
means 64 receives furnish from the drum 16 and moves it in a
rotational path about the axis of drum 60 to the final discharge
station 63. Thus it may be understood that the furnish moves along
an ogee curve from loading station 24 to final discharge station 63
with the tangent located at discharge station 25.
A second confining means 65 is also provided. It is comprised of a
second vacuum source 66 that is similar in configuration and
operation to the first vacuum source 48 described above. Second
drum 60 is enclosed, with a second set of stationary angular wiper
seals 70 provided therein. Wiper seals 70 define a suction area
leading from discharge station 25 to final discharge station 63.
The second vacuum source 66 is operable through a plurality of
apertures 68 formed through the smooth cylindrical surface of drum
60. Strands are retained on the surface by inward suction force
through the apertures 68 as the second drum 63 is rotated about its
central axis.
Strands are deposited tangentailly onto transfer means 64 at
discharge station 25 in individual groups as shown in FIG. 6. Drum
60 rotates in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of
drum 16, to bring the furnish downwardly to the final discharge
station 63. Transfer means 64 however does not include a plurality
of fins 56 and is thereby able to be positioned closly adjacent to
caul support surface 12 and to outer edges 58 of fins 56. Drum 60
further, may be rotated at a speed less than the rotational speed
of drum 16. Therefore, the groups of strands in the furnish are
crowded together as they are tangentially deposited onto transfer
means 64. The opposed curvature of drums 16 and 60 serve to prevent
fins 56 from moving through the furnish deposited onto drum 60,
thereby avoiding disorientation as well as enhancing the crowding
feature. By crowding the individual groups together, a uniform
density may be achieved along the length of the oriented felted
mat. The caul 12 in this arrangement is moved in the direction of
rotational movement of transfer means 64 at final discharge station
63. The linear velocity of caul 12 should be substantially
identical to the surface velocity of transfer means 64 at the final
discharge station 63 relative to the rotational axis of second drum
60.
Secondary drum 60 may be utilized with substantially any
combination of the other illustrated forms of the present device.
It is further conceivable that several forms of the present device
might be utilized in line along a moving support surface to enable
formation of a felted mat containing several layers of oriented
wood strands. It is also conceivable that the present apparatus may
be designed to move or reciprocate in a horizontal path over a
relatively stationary caul.
Fins 56 of drum 16 as described above are utilized to receive,
orient, and transfer furnish from a supply source to a caul surface
12 and to deposit the furnish onto the caul surface with the
strands oriented along their lengths and transverse to the
directional movement of the caul. An alternate form of drum 16
(illustrated in FIG. 11) may be utilized to receive, orient, and
place strands so their lengths are substantially parallel to the
direction of caul movement. To accomplish this, a plurality of
annular fins 71 are provided about the cylindrical peripheral
surface of the drum. With such a drum, vanes of the delivery means
18 would necessarily be repositioned so they would be aligned
substantially parallel to the annular vanes and perpendicular to
the axis of rotation of the drum. Fins 71 may be angularly arranged
on the drum as illustrated in FIG. 12 so they converge somewhat
downwardly as they lead from exterior annular edges to interior
edges fixed to the drum periphery. To prevent strands from sliding
gravitationally on the drum toward the discharge station, a vacuum
source may be provided substantially identical to that illustrated
in FIGS. 3 and 9.
It is believed that the structure and function of the present
invention is obvious from the above description and attached
drawings. Several alternate forms of the device have been
illustrated and described. It is not however intended to restrict
the structural details or function thereof to the described and
illustrated forms, the scope of the present invention being set out
in the following claims.
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