U.S. patent number 3,896,515 [Application Number 05/374,494] was granted by the patent office on 1975-07-29 for boat construction.
Invention is credited to Charles E. Otterman.
United States Patent |
3,896,515 |
Otterman |
July 29, 1975 |
Boat construction
Abstract
The boat construction includes a hull having a plan outline
configuration of an equilateral triangle, with the corners
substantially radiused. One of the corners is the craft bow and the
side opposite is the stern. The lower hull surface has a centrally
located recess or channel extending from the bow to the stern which
includes the propeller and rudder. A passenger and equipment
carrying deck is provided on the top side of the craft with seats
arranged around the side walls and down the center. Buoyant water
excluding material is located between the hull and passenger
carrying deck. A suitable enclosure may be provided over the entire
passenger carrying area.
Inventors: |
Otterman; Charles E. (Coronado,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
23477084 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/374,494 |
Filed: |
June 28, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
114/349;
440/69 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63C
9/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B63C
9/00 (20060101); B63C 9/06 (20060101); B63c
009/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;9/1R,1A,4R,4A,6,3
;115/39 ;114/66.5P |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
|
|
|
|
|
83,860 |
|
Jun 1954 |
|
NO |
|
583,824 |
|
Oct 1958 |
|
IT |
|
Primary Examiner: Spar; Robert J.
Assistant Examiner: Auton; Gary
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A boat construction, comprising:
first shell defining the hull including a substantially flat
submerged water contacting surface lying substantially in a single
plane, side walls interconnecting with said submerged surface
defining said surface as an equilateral triangle, one corner of
said triangle forming the bow and the side opposite thereof the
stern, wall portions of said submerged surface being recessed to
form a channel extending from the bow to the stern, and said side
walls being upstanding and terminating in a continuous flange;
a second shell received onto the first shell, including a molded
decking and seating arrangement with a continuous flange that is
coterminous with the flange on said first shell; and
a third generally dome-like means having a peripheral flange that
is received on and generally coterminous with the flanges of said
first and second shells, forming an enclosure for the boat
construction;
propeller and rudder means located entirely within said channel;
and
means securing the flanges of said first, second and third shells
to one another.
2. A boat construction, comprising:
hull means including a glass fiber part molded into overall outline
form of a generally flat surface equilateral triangle adapted for
horizontal submerged disposition in the water, generally vertically
extending sidewalls integrally joined with said triangular flat
surface and terminating in a flange, radiused edge portions
interconnecting said triangular flat surface edges and said
vertical sidewalls, one point of said triangle forming the boat bow
and the side opposite being the stern, and portions of said
triangular flat surface formed into a recessed channel extending
from the bow to the stern;
decking and seating means formed from glass fiber parts and having
a peripheral flange, said flange being received onto the hull means
flange with the decking and seating means being otherwise
maintained in spaced relation to said hull means;
a quantity of foamed buoyant material received within the space
between the hull means and the decking and seating means;
means securing said flanges together; and
propeller and rudder means located entirely within said recessed
channel.
Description
The present invention relates generally to a buoyant device, and,
more particularly, to such a buoyant device or boat construction
that is exceptionally seaworthy, lightweight and can carry large
loads. The boat construction described herein is particularly
adapted for being carried by another boat or ship and advantageous
for use as a so-called lifeboat.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
For a boat to serve as a lifeboat, it must possess the optimum
combination of a number of different physical and operating
characteristics, and it is a primary aim and purpose of this
invention to provide a lifesaving craft that is superior to
conventional present day lifeboats. A first and fundamental
requisite is that the boat be capable of being safely launched in
difficult seas and under emergency conditions. The more usual style
of lifeboat has been found difficult to launch during rough
weather, and it is not unknown for them to capsize during launching
or swamp shortly after being launched. Also, a fully satisfactory
lifeboat should not only have sufficient buoyancy to enable
accommodating large numbers of individuals for its size, but also
should possess an exceptionally high degree of stability to
maintain a continuous safe attitude throughout inclement weather
when fully loaded. Moreover, storage of conventional lifeboats on
board ship during non-use takes up a considerable amount of rail
space because of their geometry.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is, therefore, a primary object of this invention to provide an
improved boat construction particularly adapted for use as
lifesaving equipment and to replace conventional lifeboats.
Another object of the invention is the provision of boat apparatus
of improved character which is unsinkable even if swamped.
Still another object is the provision of a boat hull construction
which, while unpowered, will align itself automatically at a safe
attitude on boat movement resulting from wave action and wind.
In summary, the boat construction of this invention comprises a
hull structure having an outline configuration when viewed in plan
that is substantially an equilateral triangle with the corners
radiused. One of the triangle corners is the craft bow and the side
opposite is the stern. The major lower surface of the hull includes
a centrally located recess or channel extending completely along
the lower surface from the bow to the stern. The craft engine,
located midships or at the stern, drives a propeller completely
contained within the channel or recess. The rudder is located aft
of the propeller and also fully within the channel, with suitable
hand operated controls being located conveniently above. A
generally triangular passenger carrying area is provided with seats
arranged along the side walls and down the center. A suitable cover
may be provided over the entire passenger carrying area with
suitable hatches for access and egress.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the boat construction of this
invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional, side elevational view of the boat
construction of FIG. 1 taken along line 2--2 therein.
FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view of the craft of FIG. 1 taken
along line 3--3.
FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of the boat construction of FIG.
1.
FIG. 5 is a rear elevational view.
FIG. 6 is a top plan view.
FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view, depicting launching of the boat
construction of this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Turning now to the drawings and particularly FIG. 1, the boat
construction of this invention enumerated as 10 is seen to comprise
a hull structure of overall generally triangular shape as seen in
plan, and, in particular, it has the shape of an equilateral
triangle. The two side walls 11 and 12 are of substantially the
same length as the stern wall 13, with the corner at which the
walls 11 and 12 meet, enumerated as 14, forming the bow of the
craft. The remaining corners 15 and 16 define the limits of the
rear or stern wall. Moreover, a personnel and equipment carrying
area 17 is provided which is also in the shape of an equilateral
triangle and enclosed at the sides by the walls 11-13.
A dome shaped cover or superstructure 18 is received in covering
relation over the deck and personnel and equipment carrying area.
Stanchion means 19 are received through the cover top and affixed
in a way that will be described later herein to the lower portions
of the craft and are used in launching.
As seen best in FIG. 2, the hull and associated superstructure
derives its overall geometry from a pair of shell-like members 20
and 21, the latter nested within the former and the two joined
together along a common flange 22. That is, it is contemplated that
the craft hull (member 20) and the member 20 forming decking 23 and
seating arrangements 24, are to be fabricated separately and
secured together in final assembly. Also, the cover 18 is
manufactured as a separate unit and installed and integrally
connected to both members 20 and 21 at the flange 22. Although
other fabrication techniques may be utilized to obtain the
necessary configurations for the members 18, 20 and 21, the
preferred technique is to construct these members from individual
molded glass fiber sheets.
As used herein, the word "hull" shall include that portion of the
craft bottom customarily received into the water and sidewalls
extending upward therefrom. Moreover, although not considered
limitative in this respect, as illustrated, the hull member 20
comprises the entire craft bottom and outer sidewalls up to the
flange 22.
Referring now simultaneously to FIGS. 1-4, the corners and edges of
the hull member 20, both above the water and below, are formed to a
substantial radius which strengthens the construction, as well as
simplifying the molding process, i.e., through avoidance of sharp
edges and corners. Thus, as shown best in FIGS. 3 and 4, the radius
R1 of the edges and radius R2 of the corners, is approximately, or
even slightly greater than, one-half of the craft's thickness,
R.
As depicted best in FIGS. 3 and 4, the lower surface of the hull
member or shell 20 forming the bottom of the boat when viewed in
plan has an equilateral triangle outline (FIG. 4) and lies in
substantially a single plane 25 except for a centrally located
recess or channel 26 and the radiused edges and corners. Or
expressed slightly differently, the bottom of the boat is a
generally flat plane 25 of overall equilateral triangle shape, the
outer edges of which are defined by the radiused juncture with
vertical side walls (FIG. 6). It is this flat bottom lying in the
plane 25 that forms the major water contacting surface of the boat
in normal circumstances. This channel extends from the bow 14 to
the stern 13 and opens downwardly into the water throughout its
complete length. The channel cross-section is preferably
rectangular and of such dimensions as to fully receive the rudder
27 and propeller 28 therewithin outwardly of the planar surface 25.
As will be more clearly described later, during powered operation
of the craft, as well as when unpowered and when moving as a result
of wave and wind action, relative movement of the craft and the
water in its channel tends to smooth movement of the craft through
the water and reduce tendency for it to yaw. That is, in certain
orientations of the craft which might be dangerous when it is
unpowered, the craft will tend to quickly align itself in the
direction of wave movement, due to the lateral action produced by
relative movement of the boat and the water in the channel 26,
thereby achieving a safe orientation for the craft.
The space between the hull member 20 and the decking member 23 is
substantially completely filled with a buoyant material 29 such as
foamed plastic, for example. In this manner, in the event the craft
is swamped, it is provided with a very high degree of buoyancy
since the water is excluded from the space between the members 20
and 21 by the material 29, thereby making the craft virtually
unsinkable. Although other materials may be found suitable for this
purpose, to date the preferred material is a foamed polyurethane
having a 2 pounds per cubic foot density. Examples of another
material for use in this connection is polystyrene beads or any
material that does not absorb water and has a density not greater
than about 2 pounds per cubic foot.
Still referring to FIG. 2, the propulsion power is provided by an
engine 30 located substantially midships for driving the propeller
28 via conventional gear train linkage 31. As an alternative, the
engine may be located at the stern. Steering may be accomplished by
any conventional means, such as, for example, a tiller 31 directly
interconnected with the rudder 27.
The cover or enclosure 18 for the passenger and equipment carrying
area, although it may be alternatively constructed of a number of
different materials and parts, is, in the preferred embodiment,
constructed of molded glass fiber parts including suitable air
ducts or ports 32 and hatch openings 33. The peripheral edge of 18
is shaped outwardly to form a flange securement with the common
flange of the members 20 and 21. In a practical construction of the
invention, the flange parts will be bolted together at intervals
and a U-shaped bumper constructed of rubber or extruded plastic
secured thereover. Sealing means (not shown) are also provided to
prevent leakage at the flange. The flange extends outwardly from
the craft sufficiently to accommodate a narrow walkway 34 which
also serves as means by which persons who are in the water may be
able to hoist themselves aboard the craft, either directly or with
the additional assistance of ropes 35. Running lights and the like
may also be provided on the exterior of the craft as needed or
desired.
Depending upon the thickness of the glass fiber sheet material
being utilized and the areal extent, it may be advisable for
strength purposes to mold reinforcing grooves 36 into the hull
member 20 bottom which extend longitudinally of the craft. This is
particularly effective for eliminating undue flexing of the
bottom.
A lifesaving craft constructed in the manner described herein has
exceptional stability as a result, first of all, of its equilateral
triangle shape. For example, the craft has substantially no
tendency to roll because of its exceptionally wide beam as compared
to overall length and other transverse dimensions.
Furthermore, in the event that the craft is unpowered in a rolling
sea, it, in effect, has three different possible bows, i.e., any of
its corners, and the craft will automatically align itself with one
of the flat sides as a stern facing the wave and be propelled in a
forward direction with the corner opposite the side receiving the
wave acting as the bow. Accordingly, irrespective of its original
orientation, the craft will only have a relatively few degrees or
reorientation necessary to place it in a safe disposition. In the
event the craft is unpowered, relative movement between the craft
and the water in the channel or recess will tend to align the
movement of the craft in a direction parallel to the channel or
recess, which, again, is a safe orientation.
Still with respect to stability of the described boat construction,
if a strong wave were to come directly into the bow of the craft
(or actually into any of the corners), one might think that the
leading corner could be lifted and the entire craft turned over.
However, because of the boat triangular shape the stern provides by
far the greater buoyancy force for the craft and this prevents
overturning from this source. What happens under these
circumstances is that as the corner begins to lift the stern or
side opposite the corner being lifted will at first move under the
water a slight amount, but due to its inherent high buoyancy, it
will move away from the corner being lifted and thereby prevent the
craft from turning over.
As can easily be determined by reference to the various sectional
views of the invention, locating of the engine and the passengers
and equipment below the flange insures that the center of gravity
for the boat construction will always be below the water line when
fully loaded and even when unloaded, the center of gravity will be
very close to the water line, or, at best, only slightly above it.
In this way the craft is made extremely stable, particularly in the
loaded condition, and difficult to capsize.
Illustrative of the personnel carrying ability of a livesaving boat
made in accordance with this invention, such a boat, measuring 15
feet 6 inches along each edge and having a draft of 3 feet 6
inches, accommodates 35 persons along with an engine and other
customary auxiliary gear. This is comparable to the loading
capability of a conventional 30-foot lifeboat.
Launching of a lifeboat of the subject invention is accomplished
simply by a single davit connected to the hooklike end of the
stanchion means 19. Due to the fact that the subject lifeboat is
symmetrical when viewed in plan, only a single connection means
(means 19) is required for launching, since even if some imbalance
is produced, e.g., more people gather on one side than another, the
boat, on entering the water, will immediately right itself without
danger to the occupants.
As shown best in FIG. 7, two boats of the subject invention can be
stored between a pair of davits which formerly had accommodated a
single conventional lifeboat (dashed line depiction). With
reference to the previously given comparative measurements, two
boats of 15 feet 6 inches on a side, constructed in accordance with
this invention, can readily be received within the same length of
rail space previously required for one 30 foot lifeboat. In this
way the rail space requirement for lifeboats is substantially
reduced without entailing a loss in lifesaving capability.
As a further modification, although the channel or recess in the
hull bottom wall is depicted throughout as open, i.e., not having a
cover, it is considered within the spirit of the invention that a
partial or even complete cover might be provided. In this
construction, on relative movement between the craft and the water
being established, the water within the enclosed channel or recess
provides substantially the same stabilizing effect for the craft.
That is, in either the covered or uncovered versions, the relative
movement of water within the channel tends to reduce yawing and to
cause the craft to align in a direction parallel with the
channel.
* * * * *