U.S. patent number 3,895,803 [Application Number 05/390,584] was granted by the patent office on 1975-07-22 for laminar indicating target.
Invention is credited to James M. Loe.
United States Patent |
3,895,803 |
Loe |
July 22, 1975 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Laminar indicating target
Abstract
A laminar firearms target comprising a brightly-colored backing
sheet, a transparent plastic film bonded to the backing sheet, and
a conventional target pattern printed in a black and white ink
layer on the front side of the plastic film so as to completely
obscure the brightly-colored backing sheet. The properties of the
ink layer, plastic film, and backing sheet are such that when the
target is struck by a firearm projectile, a substantially
larger-than-projectile-size portion of the ink layer is removed at
the impact point, while a smaller-than-projectile-size hole is made
in the plastic film and backing sheet. Thus a substantially
larger-than-projectile-size area of the brightly-colored backing
sheet is revealed, causing the point of impact to appear highly
enlarged and in a brightly contrasting color, thereby providing a
substantially more visible hit indication at target range
distances. In lieu of the ink layer, a mosaic of paper stickers,
which are removed individually upon bullet impact, can be provided
and the target pattern formed thereon.
Inventors: |
Loe; James M. (Willow Grove,
PA) |
Family
ID: |
23543064 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/390,584 |
Filed: |
August 22, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
273/378;
273/DIG.24 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41J
1/01 (20130101); F41J 1/08 (20130101); Y10S
273/24 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41J
1/08 (20060101); F41J 1/00 (20060101); F41J
1/01 (20060101); F41j 001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;273/12R,12PM,12.1R,12.1C,12.1CM,102.4,DIG.22,12A,12AF ;73/167 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Pinkham; Richard C.
Assistant Examiner: Siskind; Marvin
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Pressman; D. R.
Claims
I claim:
1. A target comprising substrate means and target pattern means
formed on one side of said substrate means in a layer substantially
covering said one side of said substrate means, said substrate
means and said target pattern means being mutually contrasting
visually, said substrate means and said target pattern means being
arranged such that when struck by a high speed projectile, a
substantially larger-than-projectile-size portion of said target
pattern means at the projectile's point of impact will be
physically separated and removed from the rest of said target
pattern means, and a hole, of a size smaller than said removed
portion of said target pattern means, will be made in said
substrate means, whereby a portion of said substrate means around
said hole will be exposed by the impact of said projectile.
2. The target of claim 1 wherein said substrate means is
contrastingly colored to said target pattern means by means of a
fluorescent dye.
3. The target of claim 1 wherein said substrate means comprises a
transparent film backed by a layer of material having a contrasting
color to said target pattern means.
4. The target of claim 1 wherein said substrate means comprises an
ionomer resin and said target pattern means comprises an ink
layer.
5. The target of claim 4 wherein said ionomer resin is transparent
and is backed by a layer of material having a contrasting color to
said target pattern means.
6. The target of claim 4 wherein said ionomer resin has a
contrasting color to said target pattern means.
7. The target of claim 1 wherein said substrate means has a target
pattern congruent with the target pattern on said target pattern
means.
8. The target of claim 7 wherein said substrate means comprises a
transparent film backed by a layer of material having a contrasting
color to said target pattern means, said congruent target pattern
being formed on said layer of material.
9. The target of claim 8 wherein said layer of material is paper
which is dyed with a brightly-colored fluorescent ink.
10. The target of claim 1 wherein said target pattern means
comprises at least one substantially larger-than-bullet-size flat
member adhesively secured to said substrate means.
11. The target of claim 1 wherein said target pattern means
comprises a mosaic of substantially larger-than-bullet-size flat
members adhesively secured to and covering said substrate means and
carrying a target pattern thereon.
Description
BACKGROUND
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a target for firearms which, by means of
a built in indicator mechanism, produces a substantially more
visible indication of the point of projectile impact on the target
than prior art targets.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Common firearms targets comprise generally a sheet of paper having
the usual concentric circles and bullseye printed thereon. When
punctured by a speeding bullet, a slightly
smaller-than-bullet-sized hole is produced in the paper sheet. At
conventional target range distances the location of the hole is
very difficult to determine because of its small size and lack of
contrast with the rest of the target. This lack of hole visibility
is especially pronounced when using rounds of small caliber, e.g.,
0.22 inch in diameter.
So called "indicating targets" have become available in recent
years. These have included a stretched rubber membrane which, when
punctured, revealed a contrasting-colored backing sheet. Another
type used a resiliently deformable material mounted behind an
inelastic paper target sheet. A third type relied upon the action
of fluid released by projectile puncture of a capsule. Other types
used further relatively complex schemes. While providing improved
visibility vis-a-vis the simple paper target, prior art indicating
targets suffered from the drawbacks of high cost due to expensive
materials or complex assembly requirements, lack of operating
reliability, and/or had difficulty of of mass production, again
resulting in high cost. As a result, no relatively inexpensive,
reliable, high visibility indicating targets are yet available, to
the best of my knowledge.
PRESENT INVENTION
The present invention overcomes the drawbacks of the prior art
indicating targets by employing a construction which can be
duplicated substantially entirely by processes currently in use in
the printing industry. It is therefore extremely inexpensive to
produce, yet produces a very high contrast indication of the point
of bullet impact.
Accordingly, several objects of the present invention are to
provide an indicating target which overcomes the drawbacks of prior
art indicating targets, which is inexpensive to produce, which has
high operational reliability, which is amenable to mass production
techniques, and which provides a high contrast indication of the
point of bullet impact. Additional abjects and advantages will
become apparent from the ensuing description thereof.
DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a portion of a target according
to the invention, taken at line 1--1 in FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 is a front cutaway view of said target.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a mosaic sticker embodiment of the
invention and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken at 4--4 in FIG.
3.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT (FIGS. 1-2)
FIGS. 1 and 2 show a preferred form of an indicating target
according to the invention. The target comprises a laminar assembly
including a brightly colored paper backing sheet 10. Bonded to the
front surface of sheet 10 is a transparent plastic film 12. To the
front surface of plastic film 12 is applied a white ink layer 14
having a conventional target pattern 16 printed thereon in black
ink. A congruent pattern 18 is printed on backing sheet 10.
The preferred materials and fabrication procedures for the target
are as follows. Backing sheet 10 preferably is fabricated of common
low cost bond (no rag content) writing paper approximately 0.1
millimeter thick and dyed or inked with a brightly-colored
fluorescent dye or ink, e.g., with an orange or red dye, as
indicated by the lining in FIG. 2. Plastic film 12 preferably is
0.075 millimeter thick and is heat bonded to backing sheet 10. Film
12 preferably is a resin of the ionomer type made by E. I. duPont
de Nemours and Co. of Wilmington, Del. and sold under the trademark
Surlyn, but any other type or brand which operates satisfactorily
may be used. Preferably, film 12 has been corona etched on its rear
surface so that the proper bond strength can be achieved at
relatively low bonding temperature. A suitable ionomer film derived
from Surlyn ionomer which is corona etched on one side is sold
under the trademark Surflex by Flex-O-Glass Inc., 11 North Cicero
Ave., Chicago, Il. Bonding the corona etched side of film 12 to the
backing sheet 10 at a temperature of about 180.degree.C and a
pressure of about 200gm/cm.sup.2 was found to produce a
satisfactory bond.
Targets produced in this manner will produce a relatively large hit
indication, i.e., of about 2 cm diameter for a cal. .22 bullet. If
a higher strength bond is provided between film 12 and backing
sheet 10, (i.e., through the use of greater heat and pressure) the
diameter of the hit indication will decrease.
Ink layers 14 and 16 are preferably of the heavy-bodied type,
normally used for printing directly on metal containers, and are
applied by conventional printing processes such that layer 14 is
about 0.025mm thick and such that black ink portions 16 are thick
enough to mask the portions of white ink layer 14 that lie
thereunder. For use on a 50 yd rifle range, the target size should
be about 9 inches by 7 inches, as recommended by the National Rifle
Association, Washington, D.C.
DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVE EMBODIMENTS (INCL. FIGS. 3&4)
While certain specific features of the invention have been shown
and discussed in the above embodiment, whose operation has been
presently found to be superior in terms of the foregoing
objectives, various other omissions, substitutions, and changes in
the form and details of the device illustrated and in their
operation may be made within the scope of the invention, as
illustrated by the following examples:
1. Backing sheet 10 can be eliminated if plastic film 12 is dyed in
a bright color to provide high contrast to ink layers 12 and 14.
However the use of a colored backing sheet 10 and transparent film
12 are recommended to allow control over the area of the hit
indication.
2. Plastic film 12 can be omitted and ink layer 14-16 printed
directly on backing sheet 10. In this modification, ink layer 12
should have a reduced bond (lower peel strength) with backing layer
10.
3. Sheet 10 can be mounted in spaced relationship behind, rather
than adherent to, film 12.
4. A chipable ink layer similar to 14-16 can be provided on either
the front or back surface of plastic film 12 and no additional ink
or backup paper is employed. The ambient background light is relied
upon to show through any removed portion to provide contrast.
5. Paint can be substituted for ink layer 14-16. Lacquer type paint
is recommended.
6. (FIGS. 3-4) A mosaic of hexagonal paper discs 30 having pressure
sensitive adhesive on the back thereof may be substituted for the
entire ink layer 14-16, with the discs being white and the target
pattern printed thereon as indicated at 16. The side-to-side
dimension of each disc preferably is about 1/2 inch for use with
cal. .22 bullets. A mosaic of square, triangular, or circular discs
may also be used. Also the target could be as shown in FIGS. 1 and
2 except that a disc could be substituted for the ink layer solely
at the bullseye.
OPERATION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
When a bullet passes through the target of FIGS. 1 and 2, a
substantially larger-than-bullet-size hole will be made in ink
layers 14-16, as illustrated at 20, and a somewhat
smaller-than-bullet-size hole will be made in film 12 and colored
backing sheet 10, as illustrated at 22. The smaller diameter hole
22 is of course formed in the conventional manner, but the large
removed ink area 20 is formed in a manner which I do not fully
understand at present, but which I believe to be as described in
the next two paragraphs.
When the bullet strikes the target it elastically deforms the
plastic film in the immediate area around the point of impact,
creating a conical depression thereat. Paper backing sheet 10,
being substantially inelastic, sustains multiple tears radiating
from the point of impact. The bond between sheets 10 and 12 is also
substantially destroyed at the point of impact. Ink layers 14 and
16, also being inelastic, are cracked radially and
circumferentially around the point of impact and also become
unbonded from plastic film 12, forming loosely adherent separate
flakes.
When the bullet stretches film 12 to the limit of elastic
deformation, film 12 ruptures, forming a bullet-sized hole through
which the bullet passes. Thereafter, due to the elasticity of film
12, it snaps back to planar form. This snap back action is rapid
enough to cause loosened portions of ink layer 14-16 to be thrown
off the surface of film 12 around the impact point. Backing 10,
being inelastic, acts to limit the area over which elastic
deformation of film 12 occurs, thus limiting the size of the hit
indication. Backing sheet 10 also returns to substantially planar
form but is left separated from film 12 around the point of impact,
as illustrated at 24.
The resulting visual effect, as shown at 20 in FIG. 2, is that each
bullet impact area comprises a large removed ink area which reveals
a substantially larger-than-bullet-size portion of brightly-colored
backing sheet 10. Thus the point of bullet impact is highly visible
at target range distances. For example a 0.22 inch diameter bullet
was found to produce a brightly-colored impact area about 0.8 inch
in diameter, i.e., about four times the size of the bullet. Due to
the congruent target lines 18 on backing sheet 10, the exact point
of bullet impact can still be determined upon close inspection.
OPERATION OF ALTERNATIVE EMBODIMENTS
Operation of the alternative embodiments is similar to the
foregiong, with a large portion of ink layers 14-16 being thrown
off upon bullet impact, except for the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and
4. In these embodiments, the entire disc penetrated by the bullet
is thrown off as illustrated at 32, revealing a substantially
larger-than-bullet-size portion of the backup sheet 10. If the
bullet penetrates the border area between two adjacent discs, both
will be thrown off. The discs are believed to be thrown off in a
manner similar to that applicable for FIGS. 1 and 2; i.e., the bond
is weakened by the initial stretching and the disc is thrown off
upon snapback.
While the above description contains many specificities, these
should not be construed as limitations upon the scope of the
invention but merely as an exemplification of several preferred
embodiments thereof. The true scope of the invention is indicated
by the subject matter of the appended claims and their legal
equivalents.
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