U.S. patent number 3,895,751 [Application Number 05/377,372] was granted by the patent office on 1975-07-22 for method and apparatus for tearing sections from a web.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Johnson & Johnson. Invention is credited to Robert Carl Shepherd.
United States Patent |
3,895,751 |
Shepherd |
July 22, 1975 |
Method and apparatus for tearing sections from a web
Abstract
This invention relates to a method of tearing sections from a
continuous web of fibers without causing compression of the fibers
at the severance line by grasping the web at spaced portions
adjacent to the tearing area, and moving one portion relative to
the other portion to stress and tear the web. An apparatus for
accomplishing the tearing includes two juxtaposed pairs of jaws, or
the like, which receive and engage an intermittently advanced web.
One pair of jaws is then displaced from the juxtaposed position to
stress and tear the web. The stressing and tearing action
substantially eliminates any densified layer or thickened portions
between the ends of the section and the engagement line while the
engagement of the web creates a transverse densified line near the
ends of the sections.
Inventors: |
Shepherd; Robert Carl (Oak
Lawn, IL) |
Assignee: |
Johnson & Johnson (New
Brunswick, NJ)
|
Family
ID: |
27007786 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/377,372 |
Filed: |
July 9, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
225/3; 225/106;
225/101 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
13/15723 (20130101); B26F 3/02 (20130101); D06H
7/20 (20130101); Y10T 225/357 (20150401); Y10T
225/393 (20150401); Y10T 225/14 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
13/15 (20060101); B26F 3/02 (20060101); D06H
7/00 (20060101); D06H 7/20 (20060101); B26f
003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;225/1,3,97,100,101,106,93 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Juhasz; Andrew R.
Assistant Examiner: Gilden; Leon
Claims
I claim:
1. A method for successively tearing a continuous fibrous web into
sections having a leading edge and a trailing edge comprising the
steps of providing a web; providing two juxtaposed pairs of
opposing holding means; feeding said web between said pairs of
holding means; moving said pairs of holding means into transverse
holding engagement with said web; displacing one pair of said
holding means relative to the other pair of holding means and in
the direction of web movement during said engagement to tear the
web and separate a section therefrom without causing a rearward
force against the leading edge of the next successive section; and
moving the torn section away from said web together with the
displaced pair of holding means while the web is held by the other
pair of holding means.
2. A method for successively tearing a continuous fibrous web into
sections having a leading edge and a trailing edge comprising the
steps of transversely grasping between opposed pairs of spaced jaw
members adjacent portions of said web to provide a tearing area in
the web between the spaced jaw members; compressing the web fibers
in areas of web engagement with the jaw members, and moving one of
said adjacent portions relative to the other adjacent portion in
the direction of web movement to tear the web within said tearing
area without causing a rearward movement of the web.
3. Apparatus for severing separate sections from a web
comprising:
frame means;
tearing means mounted in the frame means;
said tearing means including two opposed pairs of web engaging jaw
members, each pair having a first web holding jaw member and a
juxtaposed second jaw member pivotally mounted with respect to the
first web holding jaw member;
driving means moving at least one of said pairs of web engaging jaw
members toward the other pair, so that both of said web holding jaw
members and both of said second jaw members engage said web;
and
displacement means pivoting both of said juxtaposed second jaw
members substantially simultaneously away from the respective web
holding jaw members and in the general direction of web movement
when said web holding members engage the web, thereby severing a
portion of said web and moving said severed portion away from said
web.
4. Apparatus as set forth in claim 3 wherein said displacement
means includes a linkage means connected between one of said second
jaw members and said driving means so as to generate a moment
moving said second jaw members away from the adjacent web-holding
jaw members when both of said second jaw members engage said
web.
5. Apparatus as set forth in claim 4 wherein said linkage means
comprises a train of three elongated links connected at one end to
said driving means and at the other end to said one second jaw
member together forming a four bar linkage.
6. Apparatus as set forth in claim 3 wherein a bias means is
associated with a pair of web-engaging jaw members and acts on said
second jaw member thereof urging the second jaw member against the
corresponding first web holding jaw member.
7. Apparatus as set forth in claim 6 wherein the bias means is a
U-shaped spring clip.
8. Apparatus as set forth in claim 6 wherein the bias means is a
compression spring acting on a linkage connecting the second jaw
member with said driving means.
9. Apparatus as set forth in claim 3 wherein said displacement
means includes a four-bar linkage.
10. Apparatus as set forth in claim 3 wherein at least one pair of
jaw members has working edges in the form of truncated
triangles.
11. Apparatus as set forth in claim 3 wherein said driving means
includes an air cylinder.
Description
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of fiber web processing
and, more particularly, to the field of air laid web severing. An
apparatus of the present invention provides means of transversely
tearing a web into sections, such as those used in disposable
diapers.
In the past it has been the usual practice to sever web sections
from an air laid web by cutting the web, as with a knife or
scissors. Due to the loose structure of the fibers in such webs,
this type of severance often results in permanent compression of
the fibers at the severance line. As a result of this compression,
the density of the fibers in this region is greatly increased, and,
consequently, the wickability or preferential absorptivity along
the line of permanent compression is greatly increased. This result
may be most disadvantageous in the formation of diaper web sections
since urine will migrate along such a line of densification when it
comes into contact with it. If this densification line occurs at an
edge, as where the web section has been cut with a knife edge,
there is a strong tendency for any liquid coming into contact with
the line to be drawn into and concentrated at the line.
Since the structure of air laid webs is loose, these webs may be
quite easily torn when stressed. Moreover, if the tearing can be
done without compressing the fibers of the web, no densification
lines will be created at the edge. The present invention discloses
a method and an apparatus which may be used to overcome the
severance densification problem by tearing rather than cutting the
web, thus severing sections from a web without creating undesirable
edge densification lines. The present invention eliminates
densification at the line of severance since there is no contact
with the web at the line of severance as there is when the web is
severed with a knife or the like.
In accordance with the apparatus of the present invention, two
juxtaposed pairs of jaws are provided. A nonwoven web is
intermittently fed between the pairs of jaws, and the web is
engaged by them after the web has been advanced to a predetermined
length corresponding to the length of the section to be severed.
The juxtaposed jaws on either side of the web are biased together
prior to web engagement. When the jaws are brought into contact
with the web, the web is engaged due to the opposing orientation of
the jaws. Each pair of jaws may be resiliently mounted so that
engagement is maintained despite differences in web thickness or
positioning of the jaws during engagement. One pair of jaws is then
displaced relative to the other pair of jaws during web engagement
and the web is torn.
After the web has been torn, the displaced pair of jaws is returned
to its biased position, and jaws are taken out of engagement with
the web. After the web has been released, the severed section is
removed and a new length of web is fed between the pairs of holding
means, and the tearing operation is repeated as discussed
above.
Where the web has been preformed to provide longitudinal
densification lines, which facilitate liquid migration in this
direction to compensate for the rectangular shape of the web
section to be formed or preformed with a densified layer which
provides structural stability to the web, the stress and tearing
action of the present invention substantially eliminates the
preformed lines and layer at the ends of the section, and thus
minimizes the migration of liquid to the torn ends.
It should be noted that where the web has been preformed to provide
longitudinal densification lines, the engaging operation of this
invention may be utilized to further facilitate liquid migration.
When the jaws of the present invention engage and tear the web, the
longitudinal densification lines and densified layer, if any, are
substantially eliminated at the ends of the section, as described
above, and a transverse densification line will be created at the
engagement line by the action of the jaws during web engagement.
This transverse densification line will cooperate with the
longitudinal lines. This transfer path functions in cooperation
with the longitudinal lines to provide maximum dispersion of the
liquid to the areas of the web section which are not in direct
contact with the liquid depository site.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
For a more complete understanding of the invention, reference is
made to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of an apparatus of this invention
demonstrating various phases of the tearing cycle;
FIGS. 2-4 are fragmentary side elevational views of an apparatus of
this invention demonstrating various phases of the tearing
cycle;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary elevational view, partially in cross
section, of the jaws in the position shown in FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different
forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described
in detail a preferred embodiment of the invention, with the
understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an
exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not
intended to limit the invention to the embodiment illustrated. The
scope of the invention will be pointed out in the appended
claims.
An apparatus embodying the present invention is illustrated in FIG.
1, and enumerated in its entirety as 10. Although the embodiment
illustrated in the drawings employs jaws to form the holding means,
it is not intended to limit the scope of this invention, but is
merely illustrative of the preferred embodiment.
The tearing apparatus 10 is comprised of two juxtaposed pairs of
opposing jaws 12, 12a, 14 and 14a. The lower set of jaws 12a and
14a in this embodiment are mounted directly to a frame member (not
shown). Lower jaw 12a is fixedly positioned to the frame member,
and lower holding jaw 14a is pivotally mounted to the frame member
at its lower portion by pin 15. Lower holding jaw 14a is biased
against spacer pin 16a by the U-shaped spring clip 17 which is
positioned beneath the bases of holding jaws 12a and 14a, and acts
on the free side surfaces thereof. The lower holding jaws 12a and
14a are positioned beneath one surface of the web W which is
intermittently fed from left to right by a feed means (not
shown).
The upper set of holding jaws 12 and 14 is disposed directly above
the corresponding holding jaws of the lower set 12a and 14a.
Holding jaw 12 is resiliently mounted relative to mounting member
18 by bolts 19, and springs 21. Bolts 19 are slidably retained in
bores 20 to permit vertical movement of holding jaw 12. Springs 21,
positioned in bores 34 and 35, maintain resilient contact between
the holding jaw 12 and the mounting member 18, and cooperate with
springs 32 to provide for resilient engagement of the web, as
discussed below. Holding jaw 14 is pivotally attached to mounting
member 18 at its upper portion by pins 22.
The jaw configuration of the preferred embodiment facilitates
proper alignment of the jaws during engagement and tearing. The
working edges of jaws 12, 12a and 14 are in the form of truncated
right triangles, and the working edge of jaw 14a is in the form of
a flat surface. It will be appreciated that since jaws 12 and 12a
are not movable in the horizontal direction, the truncated surface
of each jaw will always be aligned. However, since jaws 14 and 14a
are movable in the horizontal direction, the flat surface of jaw
14a accommodates any mis-alignment that may occur between jaws 14
and 14a due to biasing and during web tearing, as discussed
below.
The upper holding jaws 12 and 14 are supported and actuated by
actuating bracket 24 through a system of linkages. As best
illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 5, the mounting member 18 is raised and
lowered by the actuating brackets 24 at the lower end of the piston
rods of the air cylinders 23 through a system of linkages
including: mounting member bracket 18a, L-shaped link 25, pivot
mounts 28, link 29, and jaw 14 which together assume a normally
rectangular configuration by reason of the weight of the assembly,
as discussed below. The mounting member bracket 18a, which may be
integrally formed with mounting member 18, is pivotally attached to
the corner joint of link 25 by pin 26. In FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 mounting
member bracket 18a is broken away to show more clearly the change
in position of link 25. The horizontal free end of link 25 is
supported between pivot pad 27, which extends upwardly from the
lower portion of the U-shaped pivot mount 28, and pivot pin 33
which extends downwardly from pivot mount 28. The U-shaped pivot
mount 28 is integral with the air cylinder actuating brackets. When
link 25 is being supported by the pivot pad 27, a clockwise moment
is created in link 25 about pin 26 due to the weight of the upper
holding jaw assembly. This clockwise moment is transferred to link
29 in the form of a horizontal force directed to the left. Link 29
is pivotally attached to link 25 at one end by pin 30 and to
holding jaw 14 at the other end by pin 31. Due to this
interconnection between jaw 14 and link 25 and the horizontal force
holding jaw 14 is biased against spacer pin 16 which is located in
holding jaw 12. Since holding jaw 12 is not free to move in the
horizontal direction due to bolts 19, once holding jaw 14 has been
biased against pin 16, the entire linkage system consisting of
holding jaw 14, link 29, link 25 and mounting member bracket 18a is
in equilibrium, and the upper set of holding jaws 12 and 14 are
supported on pivot pad 27.
After the web W has been fed between the holding jaw members 12,
12a, 14 and 14a to the desired length of web section to be severed,
a sensing means (not shown) temporarily terminates web feed and
directs driving fluid above the pistons (not shown) into the air
cylinders 23. As the air cylinder pistons are driven downwardly,
the actuating brackets 24, which are formed by the air cylinder
pistons, are moved downwardly, and thus the upper holding jaws 12
and 14 are moved into resilient engagement with the web above their
corresponding holding jaws 12a and 14a, as best illustrated in FIG.
2.
After the web W has been engaged, the actuating bracket 24
continues to move downwardly due to the clearance between the
mounting member 18 and the actuating bracket 24, thus compressing
springs 32. As the actuating brackets 24 compress the springs 32,
the clockwise moment in the linkage system is reversed, and a
counter clockwise moment is created in the linkage system by pivot
pin 33. During this reversal of moment, the holding jaws 12 and 12a
are fixedly positioned to grasp the web W, and holding jaw 14 is
caused to be displaced to the right by the force transferred by the
counter clockwise moment through links 25 and 29. Due to the
resilient contact between holding jaws 14 and 14a, holding jaw 14a
is also displaced with holding jaw 14 so that the web W is torn and
a section S is formed, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
After the web has been torn, a sensing means (not shown) reverses
the flow of fluid from above the air cylinder pistons to below the
air cylinder piston 23, so that mounting bracket 24 is drawn
upwardly. As mounting bracket 24 is drawn upwardly, FIG. 4, the
moment in links 25 is again returned to the clockwise direction and
holding jaw 14 is returned to the biased position against pin 16.
The lower holding jaw 14a is also returned to the biased position
by the U-shaped spring clip 17. As mounting bracket 24 continues to
move upwardly and the bolts 19 are seated in the bores 20, the
upper holding jaws 12 and 14 are removed from engagement with the
web and returned to the position shown in FIG. 1. The severed
section is removed by means (not shown), the web feed is commenced,
and the entire operation is repeated.
AS indicated, the preferred embodiment illustrated in the drawings
utilizes lower holding jaws 12a and 14a which are fixedly
positioned in the frame, however, it will be appreciated that these
lower holding jaws may also be mounted on an air cylinder means
similar to holding jaws 12 and 14 so that both the upper and lower
holding jaws may be reciprocated into resilient engagement with the
web.
The preferred embodiment may also be utilized to create transverse
compression lines at the engagement lines, which will cooperate
with longitudinal densification lines that may have been preformed
in the web, thereby forming transfer paths between the longitudinal
lines to facilitate liquid migration. Nonetheless, an embodiment of
the present invention will sever sections from a web without
causing compression of the fibers at the line of severance.
In order to give the transverse densified lines the desired degree
of permanence, the web is sprayed with water, as is known in the
art, e.g. Burgeni, U.S. Pat. No. 3,017,304, to provide inter fiber
bonds between the fibers in the engagement area. This spraying may
be done during web formation, and then the web may be conveyed to a
tearing apparatus of the present invention, thereby eliminating a
separate spraying step prior to the tearing of sections from the
web.
The stressing and tearing action of the present invention also
substantially eliminates any densified layer or thickened
longitudinal regions in the web between the ends of the web section
and the engagement area, such as those layers and thickened regions
disclosed in the Burgeni patent, commonly assigned Repke, U.S. Pat.
application Ser. No. 187,239, filed Oct. 7, 1971, and Repke U.S.
Pat. application Ser. No. 266,013 filed June 26, 1972.
* * * * *