U.S. patent number 3,895,328 [Application Number 05/420,086] was granted by the patent office on 1975-07-15 for thermo-magnetically operated switches.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Tohoku Metal Industries Limited. Invention is credited to Masanori Endo, Kentaro Horiuchi, Umaki Kato, Hiroyasu Satoh.
United States Patent |
3,895,328 |
Kato , et al. |
July 15, 1975 |
Thermo-magnetically operated switches
Abstract
A thermo-magnetically operated switch comprises a reed switch,
two ferromagnetic members having predetermined and different Curie
points and plural permanent magnets. The switch has two operating
or switching points on a temperature axis and provides control over
a range of temperatures.
Inventors: |
Kato; Umaki (Yokohama,
JA), Endo; Masanori (Yokohama, JA), Satoh;
Hiroyasu (Sendai, JA), Horiuchi; Kentaro (Sendai,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Tohoku Metal Industries Limited
(Sendai, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
26470489 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/420,086 |
Filed: |
November 29, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Nov 30, 1972 [JA] |
|
|
47-137063 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
335/208;
335/207 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
37/585 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
37/58 (20060101); H01H 37/00 (20060101); H01H
036/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;335/208,146,207 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Broome; Harold
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Flynn & Frishauf
Claims
We claim:
1. A thermo-magnetically operated switch comprising:
an elongated reed switch including: an envelope,
a pair of ferromagnetic reeds hermetically sealed in said envelope
with the free ends thereof overlapped for opening and closing
movements relative to one another, and
two lead wires which are connected with respective reeds, the lead
wires being secured and sealed to opposite ends of the envelope and
extending therefrom in opposite directions,
two elongated permanent magnets having Curie points higher than an
operating temperature range of the switch and being disposed
alongside said reed switch at different angular positions about the
circumference of said reed switch and in reverse polarity with
respect to each other, the respective magnetic poles of each
permanent magnet being disposed over the respective reeds,
two elongated ferromagnetic bodies having different predetermined
Curie points within the operating temperature range of the switch
and overlying respective permanent magnets, the permanent magnets
being interposed between the reed switch and the respective
ferromagnetic bodies,
and an enclosure means containing the reed switch, the two
permanent magnets and the two ferromagnetic bodies, opposite end
portions of the enclosure means being made of non-conductive and
non-magnetic material and securing and supporting the respective
lead wires, and the intermediate portion of the enclosure means
between the opposite end portions thereof being made of
heat-conductive material.
2. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 1
wherein said elongated ferromagnetic bodies are magnetic below
their respective Curie points, and are non-magnetic above their
respective Curie points.
3. A thermo-magnetically operated switch comprising:
an elongated reed switch comprising an envelope and a pair of
ferromagnetic reeds hermetically sealed in said envelope with free
ends thereof overlapped for opening and closing movements relative
to one another,
two permanent magnets having Curie points higher than an operating
temperature range of the switch and being disposed alongside said
reed switch at different axial positions of said reed switch in
similar polar directions, with respective magnets disposed over the
respective reeds but short of the overlapped ends of the reeds,
a first ferromagnetic body having a predetermined Curie point
within the operating temperature range of the switch and disposed
over the overlapped ends of the reeds in the axial space between
said two magnets such that opposite ends of said first
ferromagnetic body engage with adjacent different pole faces of the
two magnets,
and second ferromagnetic body means having a predetermined Curie
point lower than that of said first ferromagnetic body within the
operating temperature range and overlapped and disposed on the two
magnets such that said second ferromagnetic body means may be
magnetically coupled between the other poles of the magnets
opposite the poles thereof engaging said first ferromagnetic
body.
4. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 3 in
which the reed switch includes:
lead wires which are connected with respective reeds, the lead
wires being secured and sealed to opposite ends of the envelope and
extending therefrom in opposite directions,
and an enclosure means containing the reed switch, the two
permanent magnets and the two ferromagnetic bodies, opposite end
portions of the enclosure means being made of non-conductive and
non-magnetic material and securing and supporting the respective
lead wires, and the intermediate portion of the enclosure means
between the opposite end portions thereof being made of heat
conductive material.
5. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 3,
in which the outer surface of said first ferromagnetic body in the
radial direction of the reed switch is flush with the outer
surfaces of said two magnets at the highest, said second
ferromagnetic body means comprising a ferromagnetic piece which
overlies the outer surfaces of both magnets while straddling the
first ferromagnetic body.
6. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 3,
in which the outer surface of said first ferromagnetic body in the
radial direction of the reed switch is beyond the outer surfaces of
said two magnets, said second ferromagnetic means comprising first
and second ferromagnetic pieces which overlie the respective
surfaces of both magnets with an axial end of each of said first
and second ferromagnetic pieces engaging with an adjacent axial end
of said first ferromagnetic body.
7. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 5,
in which the permanent magnets and the first ferromagnetic body
comprise respective cylindrical bodies and are coaxially disposed
about the circumference of the reed switch, the ferromagnetic piece
of said second ferromagnetic body means comprising a cylindrical
body disposed concentric with and outside the cylindrical magnets
and first ferromagnetic body.
8. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 6,
in which the permanent magnets and the first ferromagnetic body
comprise respective cylindrical bodies and are coaxially disposed
about the circumference of the reed switch, the first and second
ferromagnetic pieces of said second ferromagnetic body means
comprising cylindrical bodies disposed concentric with and outside
the cylindrical magnets.
9. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 7,
in which:
the reed switch includes two lead wires connected with respective
reeds,
and said cylindrical ferromagnetic piece of said second
ferromagnetic body means has a groove on the outer surface thereof,
which groove axially extends across the axial length of said
cylindrical ferromagnetic piece, one of two lead wires of the reed
switch being bent and introduced along said cylindrical
ferromagnetic piece in said groove to the side where the other lead
wire is led out.
10. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 8,
in which:
the reed switch includes two lead wires connected with respective
reeds,
and a groove is provided on the outer surfaces of the first
cylindrical ferromagnetic body and the two cylindrical
ferromagnetic pieces, the groove axially extending over the axial
lengths of the first cylindrical ferromagnetic body and the two
cylindrical ferromagnetic pieces, one of two lead wires of the reed
switch being bent and introduced along the first cylindrical
ferromagnetic body and the two cylindrical ferromagnetic pieces in
said groove to the side where the other lead wire is led out.
11. A thermo-magnetically operated switch comprising:
an elongated reed switch comprising an envelope and a pair of
ferromagnetic reeds hermetically sealed in said envelope with free
ends thereof overlapped for opening and closing movements relative
to one another,
two elongated permanent magnets having Curie points higher than an
operating temperature range of the switch and being disposed
alongside said reed switch at different axial positions of said
reed switch in reverse polar directions, with respective magnets
disposed over the respective reeds but short of the overlapped ends
of the reeds,
a first ferromagnetic body having a predetermined Curie point
within the operating temperature range of the switch and disposed
in the axial space between said two magnets with one end thereof
engaging with the adjacent pole face of one magnet, and the other
end thereof being short of the overlapped ends of the reeds,
and a second ferromagnetic body having a predetermined Curie point
lower than that of said first ferromagnetic body within the
operating temperature range and disposed in the axial space between
said first ferromagnetic body and the other magnet with one end
thereof engaging with the adjacent pole face of said other magnet,
and the other end thereof overlying the overlapped ends of the reed
and engaging with the other end of said first ferromagnetic
body.
12. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 11,
in which the reed switch includes:
two lead wires which are connected with respective reeds, the lead
wires being secured and sealed to opposite ends of the envelope and
extending therefrom in opposite directions,
and an enclosure means containing the reed switch, the two
permanent magnets and the two ferromagnetic bodies, opposite end
portions of the enclosure means being made of non-conductive and
non-magnetic material and securing and supporting the respective
lead wires, and the intermediate portion of the enclosure means
between the opposite end portions thereof being made of
heat-conductive material.
13. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 11,
in which the two permanent magnets, the first ferromagnetic body
and the second ferromagnetic body are cylindrical and are disposed
on a common axis.
14. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 13,
in which:
the reed switch includes two lead wires connected with respective
reeds,
and a groove is provided on the outer surfaces of the two
cylindrical permanent magnets and the first and second cylindrical
ferromagnetic bodies, the groove axially extending over the axial
lengths of the two cylindrical magnets and the first and second
cylindrical ferromagnetic bodies, one of two lead wires of the reed
switch being bent and introduced along the cylindrical bodies in
said groove to the side where the other lead wire is led out.
15. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 11,
in which the two permanent magnets are cylindrical, and including a
non-magnetic member mounted between said cylindrical magnets to
form a cylindrical body in cooperation with the first and second
ferromagnetic bodies.
16. A thermo-magnetically operated switch comprising:
an elongated reed switch comprising an envelope and a pair of
ferromagnetic reeds hermetically sealed in said envelope with free
ends thereof overlapped for opening and closing movements relative
to one another,
two elongated permanent magnets having Curie points higher than an
operating temperature range of the switch and being disposed
alongside said reed switch at different axial positions of said
reed switch in similar polar directions, with respective magnets
disposed over the respective reeds but short of the overlapped ends
of the reeds,
a first ferromagnetic body having a predetermined Curie point
within the operating temperature range of the switch and disposed
in the axial space between said two magnets with one end thereof
engaging with the adjacent pole face of one magnet, and the other
end thereof being just adjacent the overlapped ends of the
reeds,
and a second ferromagnetic body having a predetermined Curie point
lower than that of said first ferromagnetic body within the
operating temperature range and disposed in the axial space between
said first ferromagnetic body and the other magnet with one end
thereof engaging with the adjacent pole face of said other magnet,
and the other end thereof being adjacent the overlapped ends of the
reeds and engaging with the other end of said first ferromagnetic
body.
17. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 16,
in which the reed switch includes:
two lead wires which are connected with respective reeds, the lead
wires being secured and sealed to opposite ends of the envelope and
extending therefrom in opposite directions,
and an enclosure means containing the reed switch, the two
permanent magnets and the two ferromagnetic bodies, opposite end
portions of the enclosure means being made of non-conductive and
non-magnetic material and securing and supporting the respective
lead wires, and the intermediate portion of enclosure means between
the opposite end portions thereof being made of heat-conductive
material.
18. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 16,
in which the two permanent magnets, the first ferromagnetic body
and the second ferromagnetic body are cylindrical and are disposed
on a common axis.
19. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 18,
in which:
the reed switch includes two lead wires connected with respective
reeds,
and a groove is provided on the outer surfaces of the two
cylindrical magnets and the first and second cylindrical
ferromagnetic bodies, the groove axially extending over the axial
lengths of the two cylindrical magnets and the first and second
cylindrical ferromagnetic bodies, one of the two lead wires of the
reed switch being bent and introduced along the cylindrical bodies
in said groove to the side where the other lead wire is led out of
the reed switch.
20. The thermo-magnetically operated switch as claimed in claim 16,
in which the two permanent magnets are cylindrical, and including a
non-magnetic member mounted said cylindrical magnets to form a
cylindrical body in cooperation with the first and second
ferromagnetic bodies.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to temperature-operated switches and more
particularly, to thermo-magnetically operated switches which
utilize the saturation flux density versus the temperature
characteristic of a magnetic substance to control the switching
temperature.
A thermo-magnetically operated switch using magnetic materials
which is constructed by positioning a permanent magnet and a
magnetic substance proximate a reed switch whereby the contacts of
the reed switch are opened and closed in response to changes in the
temperature, is known in the prior art, as exemplified for example,
by in French Pat. No. 1,549,349, U.S. Pat. No. 3,295,081 and
other.
Such thermo-magnetically operated switches as above mentioned are
conveniently used to control the operation of devices operating in
response to a predetermined temperature, because they are
mechanically and thermally strong and solid, operatively stable in
long use and, therefore, have a long life-time.
Known thermo-magnetically operated switches are of the one point
operation type or of the type with which a switching operation is
available at one point on a temperature axis. This restricts fields
the of use of thermo-magnetically the known operated switches.
In certain automatic controls, it is often required that a device
should be operated within a temperature range on a temperature axis
and should have its operation stopped at the other temperatures on
the temperature axis. In that case, known thermo-magnetically
operated switches are not useful. However, the use of two known
thermo-magnetically operated switches having different operation
temperatures meets such requirement, but it necessarily requires
greater area for the location of two switches.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
An object of this invention is to provide a thermo-magnetically
operated switch which has two different operating points on a
temperature axis so that it may be maintained closed (or open)
below the lower operating point and above the higher operating
point; and be maintained open (or closed) between the two different
operating points.
Another object of this invention is to realize the above object
with simple construction, low cost and with a small-size
switch.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention a thermo-magnetically operated
switch comprises: an elongated reed switch comprising an envelope
and a pair of ferromagnetic reeds hermetically sealed in said
envelope with free ends thereof overlapped for opening and closing
movements relative to one another; two elongated permanent magnets
having Curie points higher than an operating temperature range of
the switch and being disposed alongside said reed switch at
different angular positions on the circumference of said reed
switch and in reverse polarity with respect to each other, the
respective magnetic poles of each permanent magnet being disposed
over the respective reeds; and two elongated ferromagnetic bodies
having different predetermined Curie points within the operating
temperature range of the switch and overlying respective permanent
magnets.
According to another aspect of the present invention a
thermo-magnetically operated switch comprises: an elongated reed
switch comprising an envelope and a pair of ferromagnetic reeds
hermetically sealed in said envelope with free ends thereof
overlapped for opening and closing movements relative to one
another; two permanent magnets having Curie points higher than an
operating temperature range of the switch and being disposed
alongside said reed switch at different axial positions of said
reed switch in same polar direction with respective magnets
disposed over the respective reeds but short of the overlapped ends
of the reeds; a first ferromagnetic body having a predetermined
Curie point within the operating temperature range of the switch
and disposed over the overlapped ends of the reeds in the axial
space between said two magnets in such manner that opposite ends of
said first ferromagnetic body may engage with adjacent different
pole faces of the two magnets; and second ferromagnetic body means
having a predetermined Curie point lower than that of said first
ferromagnetic body within the operating temperature range of the
switch and overlapped and disposed on the two magnets in such
manner that said second ferromagnetic body means is magnetically
coupled between the other poles of the magnets opposite the poles
thereof engaging said first ferromagnetic body.
Another to another aspect of the present invention a
thermomagnetically operated switch comprises: an elongated reed
switch comprising an envelope and a pair of ferromagnetic reeds
hermetically sealed in said envelope with free ends thereof
overlapped for opening and closing movements relative to one
another; two elongated permanent magnets having Curie points higher
than an operating temperature range of the switch and being
disposed alongside said reed switch at different axial positions of
said reed switch in reverse polar direction relative to each other
and with respective magnets disposed over the respective reeds
short of the overlapped ends of the reeds; a first ferromagnetic
body having a predetermined Curie point within the operating
temperature range of the switch and disposed in the axial space
between said two magnets with one end thereof engaging with the
adjacent pole face of one magnet, the other end thereof being short
of the overlapped ends of the reeds; and a second ferromagnetic
body having a predetermined Curie point lower than that of said
first ferromagnetic body within the operating temperature range of
the switch and disposed in the axial space between said first
ferromagnetic body and the other magnet with one end thereof
engaging with the adjacent pole face of said other magnet, the
other end thereof exceeding the overlapped ends of the reeds and
engaging with said the other end of said first ferromagnetic
body.
According to still another aspect of the present invention a
thermo-magnetically operated switch comprises: an elongated reed
switch comprising an envelope and a pair of ferromagnetic reeds
hermetically sealed in said envelope with free ends thereof
overlapped for opening and closing movements relative to one
another; two elongated permanent magnets having Curie points higher
than an operating temperature range of the switch and being
disposed alongside said reed switch at different axial positions of
said reed switch in the same polar direction relative to each other
and with respective magnets disposed over the respective reeds
short of the overlapped ends of the reeds; a first ferromagnetic
body having a predetermined Curie point within the operating
temperature range of the switch and disposed in the axial distance
between said two magnets with one end thereof engaging with the
adjacent pole face of one magnet, the other end thereof being just
adjacent of the overlapped ends of the reeds; and a second
ferromagnetic body having a predetermined Curie point lower than
that of said first ferromagnetic body within the operating
temperature range of the switch and disposed in the axial distance
between said first ferromagnetic body and the other magnet with one
end thereof engaging with the adjacent pole face of said other
magnet, the other end thereof being just adjacent of the overlapped
ends of the reeds and engaging with said other end of said first
ferromagnetic body.
The other features and objects of this invention will be understood
from the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the
annexed drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows the saturated flux density vs. temperature
characteristic of two ferromagnetic substances,
FIGS. 2A and 2B show front and side views of an embodiment of this
invention, respectively, but partially cross-sectioned,
FIGS. 3A-3C show views for schematically explaining the operation
of the switch in FIGS. 2A and 2B,
FIGS. 4A-4C show front views at different temperatures of another
embodiment,
FIGS. 5, 6, 7A, 7B, 8A and 8B show various modifications of the
switch in FIGS. 4A-4C,
FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of another embodiment,
FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a modification of the switch in
FIG. 9,
FIGS. 11A-11C show views for schematically explaining the operating
principle of switches in FIGS. 9 and 10,
FIGS. 12A-12B show front views at different temperatures of another
embodiment of this invention, and
FIGS. 13-15 show various modifications of the switch in FIG.
10.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
This invention intends uses two ferromagnetic substances having
different Curie points as shown in FIG. 1 together with plural
permanent magnets and a reed switch, all arranged so that the reed
switch may be operated at two points on a temperature axis.
Referring to FIG. 1, in which the saturated flux density vs.
temperature characteristics of two ferromagnetic substances which
are used in this invention for sensing temperature is illustrated,
the curve "A" shows the characteristic of one of the two
temperature sensitive ferromagnetic substances and the curve "B"
shows that of the other substance.
The substance A has a lower Curie point T.sub.c1 than that
(T.sub.c2) of the other substance B.
FIGS. 2A and 2B show an embodiment of this invention, which
comprises a reed switch 1, two elongated permanent magnets 2 and 3,
and two ferromagnetic bodies 4 and 5 having different Curie points,
as indicated in FIG. 1.
The reed switch, as well known, comprises an elongated envelope 11,
which is preferably made of glass, a pair of reeds 12 and 13
hermetically sealed therein, which are made of ferromagnetic and
electro-conductive materials, with ends thereof being overlapped
for opening and closing movements relative to one another, and lead
wires 14 and 15 connected with respective reeds, sealed to opposite
ends of the glass envelope 11 and outwardly extending
therefrom.
The permanent magnets 2 and 3 have higher Curie points exceeding
the operating temperature range of the switch and are mounted on
and secured by adhesive 16 to the outside of the glass envelope 11.
The permanent magnets 2 and 3 are so disposed that magnetic poles
of one magnet are reversely disposed relative to those of the other
magnet and that both of these magnets 2 and 3 are in parallel to
one another and stradle the overlapped ends of the reeds 12 and
13.
The ferromagnetic bodies 4 and 5 overlie and are secured on
respective permanent magnets 2 and 3.
To prevent breakage of glass envelope 11 at its end portions caused
by treatment of lead wires 14 and 15 sealed thereat, such as a
bending treatment in practical use of the switch, non-conductive
and non-magnetic jackets 6 and 7 are, preferably, provided so that
they may enclose end portions of the glass envelope 11 and small
lengths of lead wires 14 and 15 extending from their sealed
portions. Thus, small lengths of the lead wires extending
immediately from the glass envelope cannot be bent so that breakage
of the glass envelope may be prevented.
A heat-conductive cylindrical part 8 is, advantageously, provided
to enclose the permanent magnets (2, 3), the ferromagnetic bodies
(4, 5) and the reed switch 1.
The operation of the switch illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B will be
explained in conjunction with FIGS. 3A-3C in which only the
permanent magnets 2 and 3, the temperature sensitive ferromagnetic
bodies 4 and 5 and the pair of reeds 12 and 13 are shown for
simplicity of the drawings.
When the environment or observed object is at a lower temperature
than the Curie point of either of the temperature sensitive
ferromagnetic bodies 4 and 5, magnetic fluxes from the magnets 2
and 3 flow through respective ferromagnetic bodies 4 and 5 as
indicated by broken lines in FIG. 3A. The two reeds 12 and 13 are
thereby maintained open.
Elevating the temperature, the saturated magnetic flux density is
reduced as shown in FIG. 1.
When the temperature is elevated to a temperature between different
Curie points of the two temperature sensitive ferromagnetic bodies
4 and 5, or in the drawing, higher than the Curie point of the body
4 and lower than the Curie point of the body 5, magnetic fluxes
from the magnet 2 flow through the reeds 12 and 13 as illustrated
in FIG. 3B, because the ferromagnetic body 4 turns to the
non-magnetic characteristic. The magnetic strength between
overlapped ends of the reeds 12 and 13 overcomes the elasticity of
the reeds to permit the overlapped ends to close.
When the temperature is further elevated and is at a temperature
higher than the Curie point of the other temperature sensitive body
5, magnetic fluxes from each of the magnets 2 and 3 flow through
the other, and do not flow through reeds 12 and 13 because they are
cancelled in the reeds by the flux from the other temperature
sensitive body. The overlapped ends of reeds 12 and 13 are thus
opened.
The above described operation is clearly reversible.
It will be understood that the switch illustrated in FIGS. 2A and
2B may be advantageously used to observe the inner temperature of a
heating box to be maintained at a temperature between two different
temperatures.
FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C show another embodiment of this invention,
which comprises a reed switch 1, two permanent magnets 2 and 3 and
two temperature sensitive ferromagnetic bodies 4 and 5.
The permanent magnets 2 and 3 are mounted on and secured to the
glass envelope 11 of the reed switch in such fashion that they are
disposed in similar polar directions alongside the reed switch 1 at
different axial positions and in parallel with the respective reeds
12 and 13, but short of the overlapped ends of the reeds.
The temperature sensitive ferromagnetic body 4 having a
predetermined Curie point overlies both of the two permanent
magnets 2 and 3 over the axial lengths of both magnets.
The other temperature sensitive ferromagnetic body 5 has a
predetermined Curie point higher than the body 4 and is disposed in
the space between the two permanent magnets 2 and 3 and beneath the
ferromagnetic body 4, with axial opposite ends thereof engaging
with adjacent pole faces of the magnets.
When the temperature of an observed object (or of the environment)
is lower than the Curie point of either of temperature sensitive
ferromagnetic bodies 4 and 5, magnetic fluxes from both of the
permanent magnets 2 and 3 flow through both of the ferromagnetic
bodies 4 and 5. Thus, the overlapped ends of reeds 12 and 13 are
maintained open, as illustrated in FIG. 4A.
When the temperature is elevated higher than the Curie point of the
ferromagnetic body 4 and lower than the Curie point of the other
temperature sensitive body 5, magnetic fluxes flow through the body
5 and reeds 12 and 13, because the temperature sensitive body 4
turns non-magnetic. The magnetic strength between overlapped ends
of reeds 12 and 13 then overcomes the elasticity of each reed to
permit the overlapped ends to close.
When the temperature is further elevated higher than the Curie
point of the temperature sensitive body 5, magnetic fluxes from the
magnet 2 flow only through the adjacent reed 12 while fluxes from
the other magnet 3 flow only through the other reed 13, because the
body 5 turns non-magnetic. Thus, no magnetic strength overcoming
elasticity of the reeds present between the overlapped ends of
reeds 12 and 13, and the overlapped ends are opened.
Additional combinations of the two permanent magnets and the two
temperature sensitive bodies may be provided at different angular
positions in circumference of the reed switch as shown in FIG. 5,
in which additional members are referred by primed numbers.
In FIGS. 4A-4C and 5, the temperature sensitive ferromagnetic body
5 (and/or 5') are of same thickness as the permanent magnets 2 and
3 (or 2' and 3') at the thickest. But this is not important. For
example, the other temperature sensitive means 4 (and/or 4') may be
formed of two parts of ferromagnetic materials 4A and 4B (4'A-4'B)
having the same Curie point, as illustrated in FIG. 6. Clearly from
FIG. 6, the temperature sensitive bodies 5 and 5' are thicker than
the permanent magnets, each of ferromagnetic materials 4A, 4B, 4'A
and 4'B engaging with the adjacent end of each of the bodies 5 and
5'.
The switch shown in FIG. 6 operates, as clearly and readily
understood, similarly as the switch described in connection with
FIGS. 4A-4C. Broken lines shown in FIG. 6 show how magnetic flux
passes under a condition when the environmental temperature is
lower than the Curie point of either temperature sensitive means
(4A, 4B, 4'A, 4'B, 5 and 5').
It will be understood from FIG. 5 that a similarly functioning
switch may be constructed by employing a reed switch 1, two
cylindrical permanent magnets 2 and 3, and two temperature
sensitive cylindrical bodies 4 and 5, as shown in FIGS. 7A and
7B.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show a modification of the switch in FIG. 6, in
which two cylindrical permanent magnets 2 and 3, a temperature
sensitive ferromagnetic cylindrical body 5, and two temperature
sensitive ferromagnetic cylindrical pieces 4A and 4B are employed
as shown in the drawings.
Operation of the switches in FIGS. 7A-8B are similar as the switch
in FIGS. 4A-4C and, therefore, are not descirbed for simplification
of the description.
In FIGS. 7A-8B, an axial groove 9 may be provided on the outer
surface of the temperature sensitive cylindrical body 4 (FIGS. 7A
and 7B) or surfaces of the temperature sensitive cylindrical pieces
4A and 4B and cylindrical body 5 (FIGS. 8A and 8B) to introduce one
of lead wires, for example, 15 at same side as the other lead wire
14. Thus, the lead wire 15 is bent adjacent the sealed portion of
the glass envelope 11 and, therefrom, is introduced along the
cylindrical body 4 (FIG. 7A) or the cylindrical pieces 4A-4B and
body 5 (FIG. 8A) in the groove 9. Accordingly, the resulting
switches may be conveniently used in such applications where
electric leads must be introduced from one direction.
Similar jackets and cylindrical members as members 6, 7 and 8
illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B may be provided for the switches
shown in FIGS. 4A-8B. Such members are not shown in FIGS. 4A-8B for
simplicity of the drawings.
Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, in which are shown other embodiments
of this invention, each of which comprises a well known reed switch
1, two permanent magnets 2 and 3 having Curie points higher than
the operating temperature range of the switch, a temperature
sensitive ferromagnetic member 4 having a predetermined Curie point
and another temperature sensitive ferromagnetic member 5 having a
predetermined Curie point higher than that of the temperature
sensitive member 4.
The embodiments in FIGS. 9 and 10 are similar in principle but have
differently shaped permanent magnets 2 and 3 and temperature
sensitive members 4 and 5, which block shaped in FIG. 9,
cylindrically shaped in FIG. 10.
The positional relation between the permanent magnets 2 and 3 and
the temperature sensitive members 4 and 5, as well as the reeds of
the reed switch 1, are shown in FIGS. 11A-11C, in which the
operation of the switches in FIGS. 9 and 10 is schematically
illustrated.
Referring to FIGS. 11A-11C, the two permanent magnets 2 and 3 are
disposed at different axial positions in parallel with respective
reeds 12 and 13 of the reed switch, but are short of the overlapped
ends of the reeds. The magnets 2 and 3 are disposed reversely in
their polar directions, or in such manner that similar poles may
face one another. The temperature sensitive members 4 and 5 are
disposed in the axial space between the two magnets 2 and 3 and in
series with one another. One end of the member 4 engages with
adjacent pole of the magnet 2 with the other end being short of the
overlapped ends of the reeds 12 and 13. On the other hand, one end
of the member 5 having a higher Curie point engages with the
adjacent pole of the magnet 3 and the other end thereof overlies
the overlapped ends of the reeds 12 and 13 to engage with the other
end of the member 4.
In case the environmental temperature is lower than the Curie point
of the member 4, the members 4 and 5 presents a ferromagnetic
characteristic. But magnetic fluxes from the magnets 2 and 3 do not
flow through the members 4 and 5 because similar poles (S poles in
the drawing) face each other with the members 4 and 5 therebetween.
Magnetic flux from the magnet 2 flows through the reed 12 and
magnetic flux from the other magnet 3 flows through the other reed
13, as shown by broken lines in FIG. 11A. Thus, the overlapped ends
of reeds 12 and 13 are maintained opened.
When the temperature is elevated to a temperature higher than the
Curie point of the member 4 and lower than the Curie point of the
other member 5, the member 4 presents a non-magnetic
characteristic. Accordingly, magnetic flux from the magnet 3 flows
through reeds 12 and 13 and the ferromagnetic member 5, while
magnetic flux from the other magnet 2 flows through the reed 12, as
shown by broken lines in FIG. 11B. As a result, magnetic strength
between overlapped ends of reeds 12 and 13 overcomes the elasticity
of each reed so that the overlapped ends of reeds are closed.
When the temperature is further elevated to a temperature higher
than the Curie point of the temperature sensitive member 5, both of
the members 4 and 5 present a non-magnetic characteristic, so that
magnetic flux of each of the magnets flows through only one reed,
as shown by broken lines in FIG. 11C.
As a result the, overlapped ends of reeds 12 and 13 are opened.
Switches shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 have two operating points on a
temperature axis, as is clearly understood from the above
descriptions.
FIGS. 12A-12C show another embodiment of this invention, which
comprises a well known reed switch 1, two permanent magnets 2 and 3
and two temperature sensitive ferromagnetic members 4 and 5.
The two magnets 2 and 3 have Curie points higher than the operating
temperature range of the switch and are disposed alongside the reed
switch 1 at different axial positions in such manner that they are
similarly oriented in their polar directions (different poles face
one another) and that they are in parallel with respective reeds 12
and 13 but short of the overlapped ends thereof.
The two temperature sensitive ferromagnetic members 4 and 5 have
different Curie points within the operating temperature range of
the switch and are disposed, in series with one another and with
the magnets 2 and 3, in the axial space between the magnets 2 and
3. Both of these members 4 and 5 engage with one another at a
position adjacent to the overlapped ends of the reeds 12 and 13,
with the opposite end of each member engaging with an adjacent pole
of respective magnets.
When the environmental temperature is lower than the Curie point of
either of ferromagnetic members 4 and 5, magnetic flux from magnets
2 and 3 flows through the members 4 and 5 and reeds 12 and 13 as
shown by the broken line in FIG. 12A, so that the overlapped ends
of the reeds are maintained closed.
When the temperature is elevated higher than the Curie point of one
temperature sensitive member 4 but lower than the Curie point of
the other member 5, the member 4 becomes non-magnetic, so that the
magnetic flux from the magnets 2 and 3 flows as shown by broken
lines in FIG. 12B. The magnetic strength between overlapped ends of
reeds 12 and 13 is, therefore, reduced to be overcome by the
elasticity of each reed, so that the overlapped ends of the reeds
are maintained opened.
At a temperature higher than the Curie point of either of members 4
and 5, both members present a non-magnetic characteristic, so that
magnetic flux from the magnets 2 and 3 flows through the gap
between overlapped ends of reeds 12 and 13 as shown by broken lines
in FIG. 12C. As a result the, overlapped ends of reeds are
closed.
The switch shown in FIGS. 12A-12C operates reversely by variation
of temperature in relation to predescribed switches, and,
therefore, may be utilized in a different temperature control
system.
In the switch shown in FIGS. 12A-12C, two magnets 2 and 3 and two
temperature sensitive members 4 and 5 may be formed cylindrically.
In such case the reed switch 1 is contained in a bore of the
cylindrical body, similarly as the switch shown in FIG. 10.
FIG. 13 shows a device in which a switch 10 is contained in an
enclosure 20. The switch 10 may be a switch such as shown in FIG.
10 which operates according to the operating principle described in
conjunction with FIGS. 11A-11C, or may be another switch which is
of a type shown in FIG. 10 but operates according to the principle
described in connection with FIGS. 12A-12C.
The enclosure 20 comprises opposite end portions 21, 22 made of
non-magnetic and non-electrically-conductive material, similar to
the jackets 6 and 7 in FIG. 2A, and a cylindrical portion 23 made
of non-magnetic and heat-conductive material which corresponds to
the part 8 in FIG. 2A.
The opposite end portions 21 and 22, also, serve to prevent the
breakage of the sealed portion of the glass envelope 11 of the reed
switch 1.
The switch shown in FIG. 10 may be modified as shown in FIG. 14, in
which two temperature sensitive members 4 and 5 are formed in
imperfect rings and the imperfectness is filled up by non-magnetic
material 41. As a result, the temperature sensitive members 4 and 5
are reduced in their heat capacities so that the switch operates
more sensitively.
Similarly arrangements may be applied to the switch based on the
operating principle illustrated in FIGS. 12A-12C.
FIG. 15 shows a switch shown in FIG. 10 which is further provided
with a groove 9 on outer surfaces of the cylindrical bodies 2, 3, 4
and 5. One lead wire 15 is bent and introduced in the groove 9 and
is led to the side where the other lead wire 14 extends. Thus, the
switch may be conveniently used in applications where lead wires
must be taken out in one direction in practical use of the
switch.
Similar arrangements would be applicable to the switch operating
according to the principle illustrated in FIGS. 12A-12C.
The present invention has been described in connection with
specific embodiments, but is not restricted to the specific
illustrated and described embodiments. Various and other
modifications and alterations are clearly possible within the scope
of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
The temperature sensitive ferromagnetic body or member may be made
of ferrite or other ferromagnetic material having a desired Curie
point.
The permanent magnet may be selected from various known types of
magnets.
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