U.S. patent number 3,895,188 [Application Number 05/456,417] was granted by the patent office on 1975-07-15 for sound collecting device.
Invention is credited to Everett L. Ingraham.
United States Patent |
3,895,188 |
Ingraham |
July 15, 1975 |
Sound collecting device
Abstract
A sound accumulation device in which a microphone is mounted at
the focus of parabola for movement along the longitudinal axis to
receive audio information reflected from the sidewalls of the
parabola at different focuses and further incorporating a sound
penetrable shield mounted over the open face of the parabola which
functions as a wind shield to attenuate wind generated noises.
Inventors: |
Ingraham; Everett L. (Chico,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
26950933 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/456,417 |
Filed: |
March 29, 1974 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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265052 |
Jun 21, 1972 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
381/160; 381/354;
381/361; 367/104; 367/120; 367/151 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G10K
11/28 (20130101); H04R 1/342 (20130101); G10K
11/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G10K
11/28 (20060101); H04R 1/34 (20060101); G10K
11/08 (20060101); G10K 11/00 (20060101); H04R
1/32 (20060101); G10k 010/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;179/1MF,1E,1DM,1P,121D,179,188 ;181/26,27R,31A,31R,32,33E,188 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Other References
Microphones, A. E. Robertson, 1951, pp. 230-235, pp. 277-282. .
Acoustical Engineering, Olson, 1947, pp. 288-289. .
Applied Acoustics, Olson and Massa, 1939, pp. 148-151..
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Primary Examiner: Claffy; Kathleen H.
Assistant Examiner: Chin; Tommy P.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Townsend and Townsend
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 265,052, filed June
21, 1972 .
Claims
I claim:
1. A sound collecting device for accumulating sound at a focus
while substantially eliminating wind noise having an elongate
parabola with an open mouth having side walls coaxial with the axis
of the parabola and a closed base, said parabola formed with a
focus located near the base of the parabola along its longitudinal
axis and distant from the open mouth of the parabola, a microphone
including a sound entry face adjacent the focus of the parabola so
that the sound entry face of the microphone is distant from the
open mouth of the parabola, said sound entry face oriented towards
said open mouth for the direct reception of sound from its source,
and a membrane of sound permeable material mounted at said mouth
overlying the entire opening to the interior of said parabola, the
combination of the closed base of the parabola and the membrane
substantially preventing air currents from reaching the sound entry
face of the microphone to substantially eliminate wind generated
noises.
2. A sound collecting device according to claim 1 and wherein said
mounting means is slideably mounted relative to the base of said
parabola for longitudinal movement of said microphone to various
positions to position said microphone ahead of and behind said
focus.
Description
In the receipt of audio information it has been known that parabola
surfaces can be use in conjunction with microphones and the like to
accumulate sounds so that the amount of audio energy is increased
at the microphone. Such devices have often been used to read audio
information from distant locales and to create a higher signal to
noise ratio input for audio information emanating from a closer
position for higher fidelity recording applications. Such
applications for example, are most noted in motion picture
recording applications where microphones cannot be placed in the
immediate proximity of the actors or other sound emanating
subjects.
In the past, some microphones have been known to have been placed
along the longitudinal axis by the midsection of the parabola so
that a sound complement would normally strike the inside wall of
the parabola for several reflective bounces prior to reaching the
microphone. In such structures it was necessary to provide mounting
devices extending from the sidewalls of the parabola to hold the
microphone at the longitudinal axis. Such devices had the
disadvantage of forming an obstruction to sound that would normally
enter the parabola and of also tending to shift the direction or
angle at which the sound would strike the parabola wall, thus
affecting both the intensity and the linearity of the sound. In
addition, the microphone was subject to wind noise
disturbances.
In the present invention the microphone is located at approximately
the focus of the parabola. This, in the conventional parabola, is
several inches from the inside of the parabola bowl and on the
axis. In such a position each sound wave would normally strike the
inside of the parabola wall once and thereafter be deflected to the
focus. Sound waves of different frequencies have a tendency to be
deflected at slightly different angles and also the exact location
of the focus sometimes varies in accordance with the position of
the sound emanating source in relation to the directional axis of
the sound collecting device. In this respect the microphone is
mounted for movement along the axis of the parabola through the
focus so that it can extend towards the opening of the parabola
beyond the focus and inwardly towards the base of the parabola
inside of the focus. It has been found that the specific position
of the microphone causes attenuation or extenuation of sound waves
of different frequencies depending upon the specific placement of
the microphone with reference to the longitudinal positioning of
the microphone with reference to the focus.
By this control selected frequencies can be either attenuated or
extenuated while other selected frequencies are similarly
attentuated or extenuated. Thus providing not only an optimization
of extenuation of sound but a control of attenuation and
extenuation of selected frequencies.
As a further object of this invention there is provided a sound
penetrable shield over the open mouth of the parabola which has the
effect of spacing the shield a substantial distance from the active
face of the microphone. It has been found that the shield mounted
over the open face of the parabola attenuates the noises that are
often encountered with sound reflecting devices. As a practical
matter it has been found that the sound shield in combination with
a microphone being mounted at the focus along the device to be
operated in severe wind conditions where other parabola listening
or sound collecting devices would be totally unacceptable due to
the high noise level created by the wind.
Referring now to the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an elevational view showing the sound collecting device
of this invention in cross section;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the sound collecting device with
the sound penetrable membrane installed;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing the microphone movement along
the axis of the parabola to various positions with respect to the
focus; and
FIG. 4 is a front elevation of the sound collecting device with the
sound penetrable membrane removed.
In FIG. 1 a parabola 15 is formed with an aperture 16 mounted at
the base. A microphone 18 having a microphone head 19 in which a
sound transducer is mounted is formed with a shaft 20 extending
rearwardly of the transducer. Shaft 20 is formed of a constant
diameter and is arranaged to project through aperture 16 on the
base end of the parabola. A bearing mount 22 is mounted on the
outer face of the parabola forming a bearing surface concentric
with aperture 16 and forming a slideable bearing to rigidly mount
shaft 20 of the microphone. By this means the transducer 19 can be
slid to and fro into a variety of positions within the inside area
of the parabola. Bearing 22 is aligned with the bearing surface in
longitudinal alignment with the axis of the parabola so that the
microphone's reciprocal movement will be along the axis of the
parabola.
In the principal embodiment of this invention the shaft 20 of the
microphone is mounted in a sleeve 28 of a microphone stand 29. The
stand of conventional design is simply formed of a base 30 having
an upwardly extending standard 31. A rotating fitting 33 is mounted
on the top of the standard having a pivotal connector 34 which is
connected to support bearing 28. By this device bearing 28 can be
rotated to point the microphone 18 and parabola 15 in the vertical
axis while fitting 33 can be rotated to rotate the microphone and
parabola in the horizontal axis. The outer edge of the parabola is
formed with a recess 39 into which a sound penetrable membrane 40
is supportably fitted and there held in position by a cylindrical
clamp 42. Clamp 42 is removable to allow membrane 40 to be removed
so that the devices can be conveniently used either with or without
membrane 40. Furthermore, membranes of different sound
penetrability can be substituted for one another.
Parabola 15 is formed to have a focus located at about .F as shown
in FIGS. 1 and 3. The focus in this embodiment is located
approximately six or seven inches from the base of the parabola and
along the longitudinal axis thereof. The transducer of microphone
18 is by the sliding mount afforded by the engagement of bearing 22
with shaft 20 capable of moving towards diaphragm 40 or rearwardly
towards bearing 22 so that the transducer can be positioned forward
of, at, or rearwardly of the focus. It has been found that under
certain conditions the sound amplification of certain frequencies
can either be attenuated or enhanced when the microphone is moved
either forwardly or rearwardly of the focus. Thus, by the
longitudinal movement of the microphone with respect to the focus a
great deal of specific sound control can be attained and
regulated.
In operation, parabolas so formed that specific sound waves or
elements such as indicated in FIG. 1 by arrowed lines 50, 51, 52
and 53 are arranged to strike the parabola wall and are thereby
reflected therefrom to the focus. It is noted as illustrated in the
drawings, that each sound element strikes the parabola wall by a
single reflection enroute to the focus. This is important in
maintaining clarity and fidelity of the received signals. Multiple
reflections of sound waves contributes to distortions and lack of
clarity of the received signal. Thus by locating the microphone at
the approximate focus of the parabola each sound wave is allowed to
directly hit the microphone only after but one reflection. It is
noted that other devices that have been used for this purpose rely
on multiple reflection to the microphone.
It is also noted that by moving the microphone 19 as shown in FIG.
3 to a forward position as indicated at 60 or that the transducer
19 will position the microphone forward of the focus. By moving the
microphone to position 61 the transducer will be located at the
focus and by moving the microphone to rearwardly position 62 the
microphone will be positioned rearwardly of the focus. It is
apparent that the slideable mount through bearing 22 is along any
intermediate position desired between 60 and 62. It is also noted
that other forms of mounting other than using the cylindrical shaft
20 formed integrally with the microphone assembly in a
complementary bearing 22 can also be used. The essence of the
device is that the microphone be formed on a mount which is
slideably mounted through an aperture for movement along the axis
of the parabola through the focus.
In further operation, the wind shield 40 can be formed of a highly
porous plastic, cloth, or other sound penetrable material. The
function of wind shield 40 is to prevent the spurious sounds
normally encountered from wind flow across the open face of the
parabola. It has been found that the wind shield has immense
efficiency in reducing the spurious sounds generated by the
aforesaid wind flow, thus allowing the device with the wind shield
to be used in high wind conditions due either to ambient wind or
caused by the device being mounted on a moving vehicle during sound
collecting operations.
Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail
by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of
understanding, it will be obvious that certain changes and
modifications may be practiced within the scope of the invention,
as limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *