U.S. patent number 3,894,513 [Application Number 05/312,554] was granted by the patent office on 1975-07-15 for copying machine with bead pickoff roller.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Xerox Corporation. Invention is credited to Salvatore Latone, Michael R. Stanley.
United States Patent |
3,894,513 |
Stanley , et al. |
July 15, 1975 |
Copying machine with bead pickoff roller
Abstract
An electrostatic copying machine of the type having a moving
photoconductive surface defined by an endless belt, and a
development system such as a magnetic brush assembly for supplying
toner particles to the surface, has a pickoff roller rotatably
mounted adjacent the surface for removing any magnetic carrier
beads which may have become attached to the surface at the
development zone. The roller is non-magnetic, and has a magnet and
a magnetic pole piece arranged therein for creating a magnetic
field which attracts the beads to the roller and which is necessary
to hold them on the roller so as to be conveyed away from said
surface by said roller until reaching a location where the field
decreases sufficiently to allow the beads at that location to
descend via gravity into a receptacle where they can be collected
for reuse.
Inventors: |
Stanley; Michael R. (Pittsford,
NY), Latone; Salvatore (Rochester, NY) |
Assignee: |
Xerox Corporation (Stamford,
CT)
|
Family
ID: |
23211995 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/312,554 |
Filed: |
December 6, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
399/264;
399/267 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/09 (20130101); G03G 21/0047 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/09 (20060101); G03G 21/00 (20060101); G03g
013/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;117/17.5
;118/104,636,637 ;101/DIG.13 ;346/74ES |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kaplan; Morris
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. The combination of a copying machine having a flexible belt
mounted for movement around a closed path and defining a
photoconductive surface, means for supporting a portion of said
flexible belt as it moves around said closed path, and means
including magnetic carrier beads for applying toner to said surface
at a first location along said closed path, with means located
immediately adjacent to said supported section for removing any of
said carrier beads which may have become attached to said surface
at said first location, said removing means comprising: a
non-magnetic cylindrical pickoff roller mounted for rotation about
its axis adjacent said surface, the peripheral surface of said
pickoff roller being rough finished, a receptacle disposed beneath
said pickoff roller, and means disposed within said pickoff roller
for creating a magnetic field to attract said carrier beads from
said surface to said pickoff roller and to hold said beads on said
pickoff roller so as to be conveyed along a course away from said
surface until said beads reach a location where the field decreases
sufficiently to permit beads at said location to descend via
gravity into said receptacle.
2. The combination according to claim 1, wherein said means for
applying said toner comprises a magnetic brush assembly having a
plurality magnetic brush rollers mounted for rotation about their
axes adjacent said belt, said axes lying in a plane which is at
least substantially parallel to said straight portion.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an improvement in an electrostatic
copying machine (copier), but more particularly, to a copier having
a pickoff roller for removing any carrier beads which may have
become attached to a photoconductive surface of the copier.
In the practice of xerography as described in U.S. Pat. No.
2,297,691 to Chester F. Carlson, a xerographic surface comprising a
layer of photoconductive insulating material affixed to a
conductive backing is used to support electrostatic images. In the
usual method of carrying out the process, the xerographic plate is
electrostatically charged uniformly over its surface and then
exposed to a light pattern of the image being reproduced to thereby
discharge the charge in the areas where light strikes the layer.
The undischarged areas of the layer thus form an electrostatic
charge pattern or latent image in conformity with the configuration
of the original pattern.
The latent electrostatic image may then be developed by contacting
it with a finely divided electrostatically attractable material,
such as a resinous powder. The powder is held in the image areas by
the electrostatic fields on the layer. Where the field is greatest,
the greatest amount of material is deposited; and where the field
is least, little or no material is deposited. Thus, a powder image
is produced in conformity with the image of the copy being
reproduced. The powder is subsequently transferred to a sheet of
paper or other transfer member and suitably affixed to thereby form
a permanent print.
The latest concept for copiers utilizes high speed flash exposure
of a document, and a moving photoconductive material in the form of
an endless belt which is continuously charged. Additionally, such
copiers are provided with a developing system which supplies toner
particles in relatively large quantities for solid area coverage,
such as a magnetic brush developing apparatus. Thus, after the belt
passes the magnetic brush assembly for example, a xerographic
powder image is formed on the belt which corresponds to the
electrostatic latent image. This powder image is then transferred
to a support surface (e.g. a sheet of paper) to which it is fused
by a fusing assembly whereby the powder image is caused to adhere
to the support surface permanently.
The electrostatically attractable developing material commonly used
in developing systems comprises a pigmented resinous powder
referred to here as a "toner" and a "carrier" of larger granular
carrier beads formed with steel cores coated with a material
removed in the triboelectric series from the toner so that a
triboelectric charge is generated between the toner powder and the
granular carrier. If the developing system is a magnetic brush
assembly, the magnetizable carrier beads also provide mechanical
control for the formation of brush bristles by virtue of magnetic
fields so that the toner can be readily handled and brought into
contact with the exposed xerographic surface. The toner is then
attracted to the electrostatic latent image from the carrier
bristles to produce a visible powder image on an insulating surface
of the photoconductive material. Generally, in an endless belt
printing machine configuration which employs a plurality of
magnetic brushes, the brushes are arranged for developing purposes
with a run of the belt in the planar orientation.
In most copiers, however, some carrier beads will adhere to the
photoconductive surface of the belt after the latter leaves the
development zone. These adhering carrier beads prevent intimate
contact between the support surface (e.g. a sheet of paper) and the
toner particles, and they may affect the quality of the copy
produced. In addition, because such adhering carrier beads are
hard, they may abrade the photoconductive surface of the belt if
not removed prior to reaching the cleaning zone. Consequently, it
is highly desirable that all such carrier beads be removed from the
belt after the latter leaves the developing zone. It is also
desirable that the means used to remove such carrier beads be
capable of being easily removed and replaced for servicing, etc.,
without contacting the surface of the belt in so doing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a non-magnetic cylindrical
pickoff roller rotatably mounted immediately adjacent to the moving
photoconductive surface within the copier. A stationarily mounted
magnet and pole piece located within the roller, creates a magnetic
field necessary for attracting carrier beads to and holding them on
the roller so as to be conveyed along a course away from the
photoconductive surface. The magnetic field decreases sufficiently
at a location along the course to permit the carrier beads at that
location to descend via gravity into aa receptacle located beneath
thepickoff roller. The peripheral surface of the pickoff roller is
rough finished to assist in conveying the carrier beads away from
the photoconductive surface.
To insure that the pickoff roller can be easily removed and
precisely replaced in its original mounted position, it is
supported on a shaft, one end of which is conically tapered, while
the other end thereof is supported in a bracket which is removably
mounted within the machine. To release the roller the bracket is
removed; the pickoff roller is then guided into the receptacle
beneath it, and then the pickoff roller and receptacle are guided
away from the photoconductive surface and out of the machine via a
trough which supports the receptacle. To replace the pickoff roller
the above procedure is reversed, the bracket being precisely
relocated in its original position via a plurality of guide pins,
thus precisely relocating the pickoff roller also.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an electrostatic copying
machine embodying the pinciples of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the pickoff roller and the means
for mounting it within the machine, with a portion of the roller
broken away to show the magnet arrangement therein.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the pickoff roller and a
portion of the belt which it is mounted adjacent to.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
For a general understanding of a copying machine in which the
invention may be incorporated, reference is made to FIG. 1 in which
the various system components for the machine are schematically
illustrated. As in all electrostatic systems of the type
illustrated, a light image of a document to be reproduced is
projected onto the sensitized surface of a xerographic plate to
form an electrostatic latent image thereon. Thereafter, the latent
image is developed with an oppositely charged developing material
to form a xerographic powder image, corresponding to the latent
image on the plate surface. The powder image is then
electrostatically transferred to a support surface to which it may
be fused by a device whereby the powder image is caused permanently
to adhere to the support suface.
In the illustrated machine, an original D to be copied is placed
upon the transparent support platen P fixedly arranged in an
illumination assembly generally indicated by the reference numeral
10, arranged at the left end of the machine. While upon the platen,
an illumination system flashes light rays upon the original thereby
producing image rays corresponding to the informational areas on
the original. The image rays are projected by means of an optical
system for exposing the photosensitive surface of a xerographic
plate in the form of a flexible photoconductive belt 12. The
surface of the belt was made photosensitive by the previous step of
uniformly charging the same by means of a corona generating device
or corotron. In order to effect image processing, the belt 12 is
arranged on a belt assembly generally indicated by the reference
numeral 14.
The photoconductive belt assembly 14 is slidably mounted upon two
support shafts, one of which is secured to the frame of the
machine, and is adapted to drive a belt 12 in the direction of the
arrow at a constant rate. During this movement of the belt, the
reflected light image of an original on the platen is flashed upon
the photoreceptor surface of the belt to produce electrostatic
latent images thereon at an exposure station A.
As the belt surface continues its movement, the electrostatic image
passes through a developing station B in which there is positioned
a developer assembly which provides development of the
electrostatic image by means of a plurality 15 of magnetic brush
rollers as the same moves through the development zone; the
operation of the latter is described more thoroughly in copending
U.S. application Ser. No. 97,856, now U.S. Pat. No. 3724422,
assigned to the same assignee. To remove any magnetic carrier beads
which may adhere to the belt station B, a bead pickoff mechanism 16
is provided which will be discussed in detail below.
The developed electrostatic image is transported by the belt to a
transfer station C where a sheet of copy paper is moved between a
transfer roller and the belt at a speed in synchronism with the
moving belt in order to accomplish transfer of the developed image
solely by an electrical bias on the transfer roller. There is
provided at this station a sheet transport mechanism generally
indicated at 17 adapted to transport sheets of paper from a paper
handling mechanism generally indicated by the reference numeral 18
to the developed image on the belt at the station C.
After the sheet is stripped from the belt 12, it is conveyed into a
fuser assembly generally indicated by the reference numeral 19
wherein the developed and transferred xerographic powder image on
the sheet material is permanently affixed thereto; the belt then
moves past a cleaning station 20 where a brush and vacuum system
removes any remaining toner particles on the belt.
As can be seen, the belt 12 is journaled for continuous movement
upon three rollers 21, 22 and 23 positioned with their axes lying
in a plane rarallel to the straight portion of the belt 12 at
station B. The photoconductive belt assembly 14 is slidably mounted
upon two support shafts 24, and 25, with the roller 23 rotatably
supported on the shaft 24 which is secured to the frame of the
apparatus and is rotatably driven by a suitable motor and drive
assembly (not shown) in the direction of the arrow at a constant
rate. During exposure of the belt 12, the portion exposed is that
portion of the belt running between rollers 21 and 22. During such
movement of the belt 12, the reflected light image of such original
document positioned on the platen is flashed on the surface of the
belt to produce an electrostatic latent image thereon at exposure
station A.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, it can be seen that the bead pickoff
mechanism 16 includes a cylindrical non-magnetic pickoff roller 26
which is rotatably mounted on a shaft 28 which extends from each
end of the roller. The inner end of shaft 28 is supported in a
bracket 30 which is secured to the frame 32 of the copying machine,
and has a conical taper 34 formed thereon. The outer end of shaft
28 is supported by a two-piece bracket 36, this end of the shaft
being D-shaped as indicated by the numeral 37 to prevent rotation
of the shaft. The bracket 36 includes two other brackets 38 and 40,
the former directly supporting the shaft 28, and the latter being
directly secured to the frame 32. As can be seen bracket 38 is
removably secured to bracket 40 by at least one bolt 42. The
tolerances of the openings in brackets 30 and 36 through which the
shaft 28 extends are such that the roller 26 is precisely located
with respect to the belt 12 once the bead pickoff mechanism 16 is
initially installed in its mounted condition as shown. When it is
necessary to remove and replace the roller 26 and the shaft 28 on
which it is rotatably mounted (e.g. for machine servicing), it is
necessary that the roller be precisely relocated in its original
mounted condition. To accomplish the same, bracket 38 is provided
with a plurality of guide pins 44 which mate with corresponding
openings in the bracket 40, both the guide pins and openings being
manufactured to tolerances which will relocate the roller within
the machine as desired. Merely securing and locating the bracket 38
by bolts alone would not satisfactorily relocate the bracket due to
the relatively large amount of "play" existing between the bolts
and the openings through which they would extend.
In removing and replacing the roller 26, it is also important that
the belt 12 not be contacted by the rough finished peripheral
surface 46 of the roller in order to prevent scratching or
otherwise damaging the photoconductive surface of the belt. Thus,
after releasing the roller 26 from its mounted condition by
removing the bracket 38, the roller is pulled in the direction of
the arrow 48. The roller will then gradually descend into the
receptacle 50 because the taper 34 will be moving out of the
opening in bracket 30. After the roller 26 has descended into the
receptacle 50, the handle 52 of the receptacle is grasped and
pulled in the direction of arrow 48 to slide both the receptacle
and the roller outwardly along the trough 54, the latter being
secured to brackets 30 and 40. Thus, the roller is released and
guided away from the photoconductive surface of the belt 12 where
it can be easily removed from the machine without contacting the
belt 12.
To create the magnetic field necessary to attract the beads from
the belt 12 to the roller 26, and then to convey them to the top of
the roller 26 (as viewed in FIG. 3) or slightly beyond where they
can descend via gravity into the receptacle 50, a magnet 56 and a
magnetic pole piece 58 are arranged as shown on the shaft 28. A
magnetic field substantially as shown is created which will attract
the beads to and hold them on the roller 26 until they are conveyed
away from the belt 12 to approximately the top of the roller. Any
magnetic field existing to the right of the top of roller 26 (as
viewed in FIG. 3) is insufficient to hold the beads on the roller,
and consequently they will descend into the receptacle 50. The
magnet 50 and the magnetic pole piece 58 are specifically arranged
to create the magnetic field necessary, both the rough finished
surface 46 and the magnetic field being required to efficiently
convey the beads away from the belt 12 to the top of the roller.
The rough surface may be produced in various ways. For example, a
layer of irregular particulate material may be adhered to the
roller 26 by applying the material in a matrix of bonding adhesive
by spraying, coating, "flocking," hot-melt spraying, or other known
methods.
It is desirable to locate the magnet 56 quite close to the belt 12.
For this reason, the roller 26 in the present embodiment is
manufactured from thin-walled aluminum.
Thus, as can be seen, a stationary magnetic field is created, and
when roller 26 is rotated by means of gears 60, the beads are
picked off the belt 12 and conveyed along a course to a location
(e.g., approximately the top of roller 26) where the magnetic field
decreases sufficiently to permit the beads at that location to
descend via gravity into the receptacle 50
* * * * *