U.S. patent number 3,893,858 [Application Number 05/345,148] was granted by the patent office on 1975-07-08 for photographic bleach accelerators.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Eastman Kodak Company. Invention is credited to Herbert E. Wabnitz, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,893,858 |
Wabnitz, Jr. |
July 8, 1975 |
Photographic bleach accelerators
Abstract
Certain aliphatic thiols, such as diethylaminoethanethiol, are
useful as bleach accelerators in processing of photographic
elements using aminopolycarboxylic acid bleaching agents, such as
the ammonium salt of ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The
aliphatic thiol can be incorporated in the bleaching bath, or in a
bleach-fixing bath which contains a fixing agent such as a
thiosulfate in addition to the aminopolycarboxylic acid bleaching
agent, or it can be added to a prebath which is used to treat the
photographic element after color development and prior to the
bleaching or bleach-fixing step.
Inventors: |
Wabnitz, Jr.; Herbert E.
(Rochester, NY) |
Assignee: |
Eastman Kodak Company
(Rochester, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23353744 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/345,148 |
Filed: |
March 26, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
430/393 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03C
7/421 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03C
7/42 (20060101); G03c 005/32 (); G03c 007/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;96/6BF,6R,22 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kelley; Mary F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Lorenzo; A. P.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An improved method of photographic processing in which an
imagewise exposed and color developed photographic element is
contacted with a ferric aminopolycarboxylic acid complex which
functions as a bleaching agent to oxidize photographic silver and
with a thiosulfate which functions as a fixing agent, wherein the
improvement comprises contacting said element, subsequent to color
development and prior to or simultaneously with the contact with
said bleaching agent, with a bleach-accelerating amount of a thiol
or a salt thereof, said thiol being selected from the group
consisting of
monothioglycerol,
cystine,
cystamine,
cysteine,
and aminoalkylenethiols of the formula: ##EQU2## wherein each of
R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is H, CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and n is an
integer having a value of from 1 to 3.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said bleaching agent is
a ferric aminopolyacetic acid complex.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said bleaching agent is
a water-soluble salt of ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said bleaching agent is
the ammonium salt of ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said thiol is
diethylaminoethanethiol.
6. An improved method of photographic processing in which an
imagewise exposed and color developed photographic element is
contacted with a ferric aminopolycarboxylic acid complex which
functions as a bleaching agent to oxidize photographic silver,
wherein the improvement comprises contacting said element, after
color development and prior to contact with a bleach bath
containing said ferric aminopolycarboxylic acid complex, with a
bath containing a bleach-accelerating amount of a thiol or a salt
thereof, said thiol being selected from the group consisting of
monothioglycerol,
cystine,
cystamine,
cysteine,
and aminoalkylenethiols of the formula: ##EQU3## wherein each of
R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is H, CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and n is an
integer having a value of from 1 to 3.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said photographic
element is contacted with a bath containing said thiol or salt
thereof after color development and prior to contact with a
bleach-fixing bath containing said ferric aminopolycarboxylic acid
complex and a thiosulfate fixing agent.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said photographic
element is bleached in a bleach bath containing said ferric
aminopolycarboxylic acid complex and said thiol or salt
thereof.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said photographic
element is bleach-fixed in a bleach-fix bath containing said ferric
aminopolycarboxylic acid complex, a thiosulfate fixing agent, and
said thiol or salt thereof.
10. A photographic bleach-fixing composition containing a
thiosulfate fixing agent, a ferric aminopolycarboxylic acid complex
which functions as a bleaching agent to oxidize photographic
silver, and a bleach-accelerating amount of a thiol or a salt
thereof, said thiol being selected from the group consisting of
monothioglycerol,
cystine,
cystamine,
cysteine,
and aminoalkylenethiols of the formula: ##EQU4## where each of
R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is H, CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and n is an
integer having a value of from 1 to 3.
11. A photographic bleach-fixing composition as claimed in claim 10
wherein said bleaching agent is a ferric aminopolyacetic acid
complex.
12. A photographic bleach-fixing composition as claimed in claim 10
wherein said bleaching agent is a water-soluble salt of ferric
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
13. A photographic bleach-fixing composition as claimed in claim 10
wherein said bleaching agent is the ammonium salt of ferric
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
14. A photographic bleach-fixing composition as claimed in claim 10
wherein said fixing agent is ammonium thiosulfate.
15. A photographic bleach-fixing composition as claimed in claim 10
wherein said thiol or salt thereof is present in an amount of from
about 0.1 to about 20 grams per liter of solution.
16. A photographic bleach-fixing composition as claimed in claim 10
wherein said thiol or salt thereof is present in an amount of from
about 0.5 to about 5 grams per liter of solution.
17. A photographic bleach-fixing composition as claimed in claim 10
containing a bleach-accelerating amount of
diethylaminoethanethiol.
18. A photographic bleach-fixing composition as claimed in claim 10
containing a bleach-accelerating amount of monothioglycerol.
19. A photographic bleach-fixing composition as claimed in claim 10
containing a bleach-accelerating amount of L-(+)-cysteine
hydrochloride.
20. A photographic bleach-fixing composition as claimed in claim 10
containing a bleach-accelerating amount of L-(-)-cystine.
21. A photographic bleach-fixing composition as claimed in claim 10
containing a bleach-accelerating amount of 2-aminoethanethiol
hydrochloride.
22. A photographic bleach-fixing composition as claimed in claim 10
containing a bleach-accelerating amount of cystamine
dihydrochloride.
23. A photographic bleach-fixing composition as claimed in claim 10
containing a bleach-accelerating amount of
dimethylaminopropanethiol hydrochloride.
Description
This invention relates in general to photographic processing and in
particular to methods and compositions for the bleaching of
photographic silver. More specifically, this invention relates to
the use of bleach accelerators for improving the effectiveness of
bleaching and bleach-fixing compositions.
In the production of color photographic images it is necessary to
remove the silver image which is formed coincident with the dye
image. This can be done by oxidizing the silver by means of a
suitable oxidizing agent, commonly referred to as a bleaching
agent, in the presence of halide ion followed by dissolving the
silver halide so formed in a silver halide solvent, commonly
referred to as a fixing agent. Alternatively, the bleaching agent
and fixing agent can be combined in a bleachfixing solution and the
silver removed in one step by use of such solution. A variety of
bleaching agents are known for use in photographic processing, for
example, ferricyanide bleaching agents and dichromate bleaching
agents. It is also well known to use aminopolycarboxylic acid
bleaching agents in bleach compositions and in bleach-fix
compositions and these agents are preferred from an ecological
point of view because they present fewer problems in regard to
disposal of waste processing solutions in which they are present.
However, the aminopolycarboxylic acid bleaching agents suffer from
the disadvantage that they provide a bleaching action which is
undesirably slow for use in many photographic processes. It is
toward the objective of overcoming this problem by the provision of
compounds which function effectively to accelerate the bleaching
action of aminopolycarboxylic acid bleaching agents that the
present invention is directed.
It has now been discovered that certain aliphatic thiols will
effectively accelerate the bleaching action of aminopolycarboxylic
acid bleaching agents. The thiol can be incorporated in a bleach
bath containing the aminopolycarboxylic acid bleaching agent or in
a bleach-fixing bath which contains both the aminopolycarboxylic
acid bleaching agent and a fixing agent. Alternatively, the thiol
can be incorporated in a prebath which is used to treat the
photographic element after color development and prior to the
bleaching or bleach-fixing step.
The term "thiol" as employed herein is intended to include
precursors which split to form a thiol compound in solution. In
carrying out the present invention, the thiol compound can be
employed in any amount sufficient to accelerate the bleaching
action. It will usually be utilized in the form of a salt, such as
an alkali metal or ammonium salt, or the hydrochloride salt, to
improve the solubility in the processing solution.
The thiols which are useful for the purposes of this invention are
the following:
monothioglycerol,
cystine,
cystamine,
cysteine,
and aminoalkylenethiols of the formula: ##EQU1##
where each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is H, CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5
and n is an integer having a value of from 1 to 3.
Illustrative examples of aminoalkylenethiols of the formula given
above are the following:
2-aminoethanethiol
3-aminopropanethiol
dimethylaminoethanethiol
dimethylaminopropanethiol
N-methyl-N-ethyl-aminoethanethiol
and diethylaminoethanethiol.
The aminopolycarboxylic acid bleaching agents which are used as
components of the bleaching compositions and bleach-fixing
compositions of this invention are well known bleaching agents.
They are typically utilized in the form of water-soluble salts,
such as ammonium or alkali metal salts, of a ferric
aminopolycarboxylic acid complex. A typical example is the ammonium
salt of ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NH.sub.4 FeEDTA),
which is also known as ammonium ethylenedinitrilotetraacetato
ferrate (III). Many other aminopolycarboxylic acids in addition to
ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid are also useful such as, for
example:
nitrilotriacetic acid,
diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid,
ortho-diamine cyclohexane tetraacetic acid,
ethylene glycol bis(aminoethyl) ether) tetraacetic acid,
diaminopropanol tetraacetic acid,
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine triacetic acid,
ethyliminodipropionic acid, and the like. The aminopolyacetic acids
are preferred as they are readily available and provide
particularly good bleaching action.
The bleach compositions of this invention will generally contain
about 5 to about 400 grams per liter of the aminopolycarboxylic
acid bleaching agent and more preferably about 10 to about 200
grams per liter. The bleach-fix compositions contain a fixing
agent, such as a water-soluble thiosulfate fixing agent, in
addition to the aminopolycarboxylic acid bleaching agent. As is
well known, thiosulfates which are useful as fixing agents include
ammonium thiosulfate and alkali metal thiosulfates such as sodium
thiosulfate and potassium thiosulfate. Generally, the bleach-fixing
compositions will contain about 5 to about 400 grams, and more
preferably about 10 to about 200 grams, of the aminopolycarboxylic
acid bleaching agent per liter of solution and about 5 to about 400
grams, and more preferably about 10 to about 200 grams, of the
fixing agent per liter of solution. The bleach or bleach-fix
compositions can contain other addenda known to the art to be
useful in such formulations, such as amines, sulfites,
mercaptotriazoles, alkali metal bromides, alkali metal iodides and
the like. An additional silver halide solvent such as a
watersoluble thiocyanate, e.g., ammonium thiocyanate, sodium
thiocyanate or potassium thiocyanate, can be included in the
bleach-fix compositions if desired. The bleach-fix composition can
also contain a non-chelated salt of an aminopolycarboxylic acid,
e.g., sodium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, in addition
to the ferric salt.
The thiol or salt of the thiol, can be employed in accordance with
this invention in any bleach-accelerating amount. When it is
incorporated in the bleach or bleach-fixing bath it is generally
employed in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 20 grams per liter
and more preferably from about 0.5 to about 5 grams per liter. When
it is employed in a prebath for treating the photographic element
after color development and prior to bleaching or bleach-fixing it
can also be utilized in these same amounts. The prebath can be
simply an aqueous solution of the thiol or it can additionally
contain other addenda such as sulfites, alkali metal iodides, and
buffer salts. As previously indicated, the thiol can be used in
salt form to provide improved solubility in the prebath, bleach
bath, or bleach-fix bath. Also, the thiol may be provided in the
form of a precursor, such as cystine, which splits to yield a thiol
when dissolved in the processing bath.
The bleach accelerators described herein can be used in the
processing of photographic elements designed for reversal color
processing or in the processing of negative color elements or color
print materials. They can be employed with photographic elements
which are processed in color developers containing couplers or with
photographic elements which contain the coupler in the silver
halide emulsion layers or in layers contiguous thereto. The
photosensitive layers present in the photographic elements
processed according to the method of this invention can contain any
of the conventional silver halides as the photosensitive material,
for example, silver chloride, silver bromide, silver bromoiodide,
silver chlorobromide, silver chloroiodide, silver
chlorobromoiodide, and mixtures thereof. These layers can contain
conventional addenda and be coated on any of the photographic
supports, such as, for example, cellulose nitrate film, cellulose
acetate film, polyvinyl acetal film, polycarbonate film,
polystyrene film, polyethylene terephthalate film, paper,
polymer-coated paper, and the like.
The bleach accelerators of this invention are especially useful in
that they provide substantial improvement in bleaching activity
without causing undesirable fog formation. Also, while many of the
five-membered heterocyclic ring thiols which are known to be bleach
accelerators lose most of their activity if iodide ion is present
in the bleach-fix solution or the prebath this is not the case with
the aliphatic thiols described herein. Since it is often desirable
to include iodides in such processing baths to avoid stain
formation in the photographic element or to act as "grain
scrubbers," this is an important advantage. The ability of the
aliphatic thiols described herein to accelerate bleaching is
surprising considering the fact that certain aminoalkylenethiols,
which differ from those described herein in that the nitrogen atom
is substituted with a cycloalkane group or alkyl group of at least
three carbon atoms, function as bleach inhibitors as described in
U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 201,150 filed Nov. 22, 1971 and
issued July 31, 1973, as U.S. Pat. No. 3,749,572. A further
advantageous feature of the aliphatic thiols described herein is
that they improve the ability of the bleaching agent to effect
complete removal of all of the silver from the photographic
element, whereas without the use of these thiols it is often very
difficult to remove the last traces of silver even with prolonged
bleaching times.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples of
its practice.
EXAMPLE I
A multilayer color negative photographic motion picture film
(Eastman Color Internegative Film, Type 5271) was sensitometrically
exposed and processed in the following sequence, in which all
processing steps were performed at 75.degree.F:
Processing Bath Time ______________________________________ Prebath
15 sec. Wash 15 sec. Color Developer 9 min. Stop-fix 2 min. Wash 2
min. Bleach-fix 2 min. Wash 5 min. Stabilizer 1 min.
______________________________________
The compositions of the prebath, color developer, stop-fix,
bleach-fix and stabilizer were as follows:
Prebath Water 800 ml. Borax (Na.sub.2 B.sub.4 O.sub.7 .sup..
10H.sub.2 O) 20.0 g. Sodium sulfate, desiccated 100.0 g. Sodium
hydroxide (10% solution) 10.0 ml. Water to 1 liter (pH 9.30) Color
Developer Water 800 ml. Sodium hexametaphosphate 2.0 g. Sodium
sulfite, desiccated 4.0 g. 2-amino-5-diethylaminotoluene monohydro-
chloride 3.0 g. Sodium carbonate, monohydrated 20.0 g. Potassium
bromide 2.0 g. Water to 1 liter (pH 10.65) Stop-Fix Water 600 ml.
Sodium thiosulfate 240.0 g. Sodium sulfite, desiccated 15.0 g.
Acetic acid 13.4 ml. Boric acid 7.5 g. Potassium alum 15.0 g. Water
to 1 liter (pH 4.25) Bleach-fix Water 800 ml. Hydrochloric acid
(concentrated) 9.2 ml. Sodium sulfite 12.0 g. NH.sub.4 FeEDTA (1.1
molar solution) 92.0 ml. Ammonium thiosulfate (60% solution) 200.0
ml. Water to 1 liter (pH 6.5) Stabilizer Formaldehyde (37% by
weight solution) 15 ml. *Wetting agent 2 ml. Water to 1 liter *A
mixture of a nonionic surfactant and an alkyleneglycol in water as
described in Column 5 of Hanson et al, United States Pat. No.
3,246,987.
The amount of silver left in the film after completion of the
processing sequence was determined by infrared (900 nm.)
densitometry. The infrared density of D.sub.max exposure was found
to be 0.90 with a bleach-fixing time of 2 minutes. Increasing the
bleach-fixing time to 4 minutes reduced the infrared density to
0.50 while increasing the bleach-fixing time to 8 minutes reduced
the infrared density of 0.30. By comparison, when a sample of the
same film was processed under identical conditions except that
diethylaminoethanethiol hydrochloride was included in the
bleach-fix at a concentration of 0.5 grams per liter of solution
the infrared density was 0.07 for 2 minutes of bleach-fixing, 0.06
for 8 minutes and 0.06 for 8 minutes.
EXAMPLES 2 to 5
Four different bleach accelerators of the present invention were
tested in the same manner described in Example 1 using the same
film and processing solutions. The infrared densities were
determined in each of these tests for bleachfixing times of 2, 4,
and 8 minutes. The amount of the bleach accelerator included in the
bleach-fixing composition and the infrared densities obtained are
reported in the following table:
Concentration of Bleach Accelerator Infrared Density Bleach
Accelerator in Bleach-Fix Solution 2 min. 4 min. 8 min.
__________________________________________________________________________
2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride 0.5 g. per liter 0.06 0.06 0.06
monothioglycerol 1.0 ml. per liter 0.06 0.06 0.06 L-(+)-cysteine
hydrochloride 0.5 g. per liter 0.63 0.11 0.06 L-(-)-cystine 0.5 g.
per liter 0.74 0.23 0.06
__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLES 6 to 9
A multilayer color negative photographic motion picture color film
substantially the same as the film utilized in Examples 1 to 5
except that it was a forehardened film modified in sensitometry for
100.degree.F processing was sensitometrically exposed and processed
in the following sequence, in which all processing steps were
performed at 100.degree.F.
______________________________________ Processing Bath Time
______________________________________ Prebath 10 sec. Wash 10 sec.
Color Developer 2 min. Stop 1 min. Wash 40 sec. Fix 1 min.
Bleach-fix 80 sec. Wash 1 min. Stabilizer 10 sec.
______________________________________
The compositions of the prebath, color developer, bleach-fix and
stabilizer were the same as those of Example 1. The stop bath was
an aqueous solution having a pH of 3.1 and containing 6.5 grams per
liter of sodium bisulfite and 24.5 milliliters per liter of glacial
acetic acid, while the fix bath was an aqueous solution having a pH
of 6.7 and containing 13 grams per liter of sodium sulfite, 7 grams
per liter of sodium bisulfite and 200 milliliters per liter of a 60
per cent solution of ammonium thiosulfate.
Film samples were tested with no bleach accelerator in the
bleach-fix solution and with each of five different bleach
accelerators of the present invention in the bleach-fix solution
and in each instance the amount of silver left in the film after
completion of the processing sequence was determined in the same
manner as described in Example 1. The amount of bleach-accelerator
included in the bleach-fix solution and the infrared densities
obtained are reported in the following table:
Concentration of Bleach Accelerator in Bleach-Fix Infrared Bleach
Accelerator Solution Density ______________________________________
None -- 0.56 monothioglycerol 1.0 ml. per liter 0.06 cystamine
dihydrochloride 0.5 g. per liter 0.06 dimethylaminopropanethiol
hydrochloride 0.5 g. per liter 0.06 ammonium thioglycolate 0.5 g.
per liter 0.18 ______________________________________
In contrast with the results shown above, when
diisopropylaminoethanethiol hydrochloride was added to the
bleach-fix solution at a concentration of 0.5 grams per liter the
infrared density was 0.86, thereby indicating that
diisopropylaminoethanethiol hydrochloride is a bleach inhibitor
rather than a bleach accelerator.
EXAMPLE 10
The same film described in Example 1 was processed in the same
75.degree.F process using the identical processing solutions except
that the bleach-fix solution contained 0.5 grams per liter of
diethylaminoethanethiol hydrochloride and one gram per liter of
potassium iodide and the bleach-fixing time was 4 minutes. The
infrared density obtained was 0.06 as compared with 0.50 in the
control test in which no diethylaminoethanethiol hydrochloride or
potassium iodide were included in the bleach-fix.
EXAMPLE 11
A multilayer color reversal photographic motion picture film
(Eastman Ektachrome R Print Film, Type 5389) was sensitometrically
exposed and processed at 85.degree.F in the following standard
process:
Processing Bath Time ______________________________________
Prehardener 3 min. Neutralizer 1 min. First Developer 6 min. First
Stop Bath 2 min. Wash 4 min. Color Developer 15 min. Second Stop
Bath 3 min. Wash 3 min. Bleach 5 min. Fix 6 min. Wash 6 min.
Stabilizer 1 min. ______________________________________
The compositions of the processing baths were as follows:
Prehardener Water 800 ml. Glycine 1.0 g. Succinaldehyde bis-sodium
bisulfite 11.0 g. Sodium sulfate, dessicated 147.0 g. Sodium
bromide, anhydrous 2.0 g. Sodium acetate, anhydrous 15.0 g.
Formalin (37% formaldehyde solution) 27.0 ml. Glacial acetic acid
5.0 ml. Water to one liter (pH 4.8) Neutralizer Water 800 ml.
Hydroxylamine Sulfate 18.0 g. Sodium bromide, anhydrous 17.0 g.
Glacial acetic acid 10.0 ml. Sodium hydroxide 6.8 g. Sodium
sulfate, anhydrous 50.0 g. Water to one liter (pH 5.1) First
Developer Water 800 ml. Sodium tetraphosphate 2.0 g.
p-Methylaminophenol sulfate 5.0 g. Sodium sulfite, anhydrous 39.0
g. Hydroquinone 5.9 g. Sodium carbonate, anhydrous 24.0 g. Sodium
thiocyanate 1.3 g. Sodium bromide, anhydrous 1.5 g. Potassium
iodide (0.1% solution in water) 9.0 ml. Water to one liter (pH 9.9)
First Stop Bath Water 800 ml. Glacial acetic acid 30.0 ml. Sodium
hydroxide 1.75 g. Water to one liter (pH 3.6) Color Developer Water
800 ml. Sodium tetraphosphate 5.0 g. Benzyl alcohol 3.1 ml. Sodium
sulfate, anhydrous 7.6 g. Trisodium phosphate .sup.. 12H.sub.2 O
36.0 g. Sodium bromide, anhydrous 0.8 g. Potassium iodide (0.1%
solution in water) 28.0 ml. Sodium hydroxide 2.05 g. Citrazinic
acid 1.35 g. *Color Developing Agent 10.5 g. Ethylenediamine 3.0 g.
Teriarybutylamine borane 0.07 g. Water to one liter (pH 11.25)
Tertiarybutylamine
*4-Amino-N-ethyl-N-(.beta.-methanesulfonamidoethyl)-m-t oluidine
sesquisulfate monohydrate Second Stop Bath Water 800 ml. Glacial
acetic acid 30.0 ml. Sodium hydroxide 1.75 g. Water to one liter
(pH 3.6) Bleach Water 800 ml. Potassium ferricyanide 90.0 g. Sodium
bromide, anhydrous 22.5 g. Disodium phosphate, anhydrous 19.5 g.
Monosodium phosphate, monohydrate 7.5 g. Sodium thiocyanate 7.5 g.
Water to one liter (pH 6.8) Fix Water 800 ml. Sodium thiosulfate,
anhydrous 94.5 g. Sodium bisulfite, anhydrous 17.6 g. Disodium
phosphate, anhydrous 15.0 g. Sodium EDTA 0.5 g. Water to one liter
(pH 5.9) Stabilizer Water 800 ml. Polyethoxyethanol 0.14 ml.
Formalin (37% formaldehyde solution) 6.0 ml. Water to one liter
A second portion of the film was processed using the same process
except that the composition of the bleach was as follows:
Ammonium bromide 300 g. Ferric ammonium EDTA (1.56 molar solution)
300 ml. Hydrobromic acid to pH of 6 Water to one liter
A third portion of the film was processed using the same ferric
ammonium EDTA bleach described above but modifying the process by
eliminating the second stop bath and using a prebath containing a
bleach accelerator of the invention immediately prior to the
bleaching step. The film was maintained in the prebath for 3
minutes at a temperature of 100.degree.F and the composition of the
prebath was as follows:
Sodium carbonate 20 g. L-(+)-cysteine hydrochloride 6 g. Water to
one liter (pH 9.0)
The action of the prebath in increasing the extent to which silver
is removed from the film is shown by the following differences in
silver densities for the film processed with and without the
prebath relative to the film processed in the standard process:
Difference in Silver Density Without Prebath With Prebath
______________________________________ At D-Max -0.01 -0.04 At
shoulder +0.01 -0.04 At exposure rating +0.05 0 At D-Min +0.02 0
______________________________________
The effectiveness of the prebath in promoting removal of all silver
from the film is also shown by the following values for the
difference in dye densities at D-Min for the film processed with
and without the prebath relative to the film processed in the
standard process:
Without Prebath With Prebath ______________________________________
Red 0.03 0 Green 0.03 0 Blue 0.03 0
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 12
A multilayer color reversal photographic motion picture film
(Eastman Ektachrome R Print Film, Type 5389) was sensitometrically
exposed and processed in the following standard process:
Processing Bath Temperature (.degree.F) Time
______________________________________ Prehardener 95 2 min., 35
sec. Neutralizer 95 30 sec. First Developer 98 3 min., 10 sec.
First Stop 95 30 sec. Wash 100 1 min. Color Developer 110 3 min.,
35 sec. Second Stop 95 30 sec. Wash 100 1 min. Bleach 95 1 min., 30
sec. Fix 95 1 min., 30 sec. Wash 100 1 min. Stabilizer 95 30 sec.
______________________________________
The compositions of the processing baths were as follows:
Prehardener Water 800.0 ml. Sodium p-toluenesulfinate 1.0 g.
Glacial acetic acid 2.0 ml. Succinaldehyde bis-sodium bisulfite 8.5
g. Sodium sulfate, anhydrous 75.0 g. Magnesium sulfate,
heptahydrate 257.0 g. Sodium bromide, anhydrous 2.0 g. Sodium
acetate, anhydrous 15.0 g. Formalin (37% formaldehyde solution)
27.0 ml. 3-Methylbenzothiazolium p-toluenesulfonate 0.04 g. Water
to one liter (pH 4.8) Neutralizer Water 800.0 ml. Hydroxylamine
sulfate 18.0 g. Sodium bromide, anhydrous 17.0 g. Glacial acetic
acid 10.0 ml. Sodium hydroxide 6.8 g. Sodium sulfate, anhydrous
50.0 g Water to one liter (pH 5.1) First Developer Water 800.0 ml.
Sodium tetraphosphate 2.0 g. Sodium bisulfite, anhydrous 8.0 g.
1-Phenyl-3-pyrazolidone 0.35 g. Sodium sulfite, anhydrous 37.0 g.
Hydroquinone 5.5 g. Sodium carbonate, anhydrous 28.2 g. Sodium
thiocyanate 1.38 g. Sodium bromide, anhydrous 1.30 g. Potassium
iodide (0.1% solution in water) 13.0 ml. Water to one liter (pH
9.9) First and Second Stop Baths Water 800.0 ml. Glacial acetic
acid 30.0 ml. Sodium hydroxide 1.65 g. Water to one liter (pH 3.5)
Color Developer Water 800.0 ml. Sodium tetraphosphate 5.0 g. Benzyl
alcohol 4.5 ml. Sodium sulfite, anhydrous 7.5 g. Trisodium
phosphate .sup.. 12 H.sub.2 O 36.0 g. Sodium bromide, anhydrous 0.9
g. Potassium iodide (0.1% solution in water) 90.0 ml. Sodium
hydroxide 3.25 g. Citrazinic acid 1.5 g. *Color developing agent
11.0 g. Ethylenediamine 3.0 g. Tertiarybutylamine borane 0.07 g.
Water to one liter (pH 11.65)
*4-Amino-N-ethyl-N-(.beta.-methanesulfonamidoethyl)-m-toluidine
sesquisulfate monohydrate? Bleach Water 800.0 ml. Potassium
ferricyanide 165.0 g. Sodium bromide, anhydrous 43.0 g. Na.sub.2
B.sub.4 O.sub.7.sup.. 5H.sub.2 O 1.0 g. Polyethylene glycol 3.6 g.
Water to one liter (pH 8.7) Fix Water 800.0 ml. Sodium thiosulfate,
pentahydrate 200.0 g. Sodium sulfite, anhydrous 10.0 g. Sodium EDTA
0.5 g. Disodium phosphate, anhydrous 15.0 g. Water to one liter (pH
8.2) Stabilizer Water 800.0 ml. Polyethoxyethanol 0.14 ml. Formalin
(37% formaldehyde solution) 6.0 ml. Water to one liter
Six tests were carried out with the film to determine the
effectiveness as a bleach accelerator of a prebath containing an
aliphatic thiol as described herein. In each of the tests the film
was processed in the processing sequence described above except
that the film was bleached for 1 minute and 30 seconds in a bleach
bath of the following composition:
Ammonium bromide 300 g. Ferric ammonium EDTA (1.56 molar solution)
300 ml. Hydrobromic acid to pH of 6 Water to one liter
In test number one no prebath was utilized, while in each of tests
two through six the second stop bath was eliminated and the film
was treated with a prebath for 3 minutes at 100.degree.F
immediately prior to the bleaching step. The compositions of the
prebaths employed were as follows:
Test No. Composition of Prebath
______________________________________ 1 None 2 L-(+)-cysteine
hydrochloride 1 g. Water to one liter (pH 2.6) 3 L-(+)-cysteine
hydrochloride 4 g. Water to one liter (pH 2.32) 4 Sodium carbonate
10 g. L-(+)-cysteine hydrochloride 1 g. Water to one liter (pH
9.85) 5 Sodium carbonate 10 g. L-(+)-cysteine hydrochloride 4 g.
Water to one liter (pH 8.07) 6 Sodium acetate 3 g. L-(+)-cysteine
hydrochloride 4 g. Water to one liter (pH 4.93)
______________________________________
The differences between the silver densities obtained and those
obtained with the standard process are as follows:
Difference Test Number in Silver Density 1 2 3 4 5 6
______________________________________ At D-Max 0.42 0.01 0.00 0.44
0.01 0.00 At shoulder 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.14 0.09 At exposure
rating 0.56 0.01 0.00 0.48 0.11 0.18 At D-Min 0.65 0.03 0.00 0.28
0.00 0.05 ______________________________________
As is shown by the above data, the prebath containing a bleach
accelerator of the present invention greatly accelerates the
bleaching action and is most effective at low pH values.
The invention has been described in detail with particular
reference to preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be
understood that variations and modifications can be effected within
the spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *