U.S. patent number 3,893,627 [Application Number 05/501,851] was granted by the patent office on 1975-07-08 for electric airless cup gun apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Graco Inc.. Invention is credited to Gene H. Hall, Bernard W. Siczek.
United States Patent |
3,893,627 |
Siczek , et al. |
July 8, 1975 |
Electric airless cup gun apparatus
Abstract
Apparatus for spraying paint and other liquids under high
hydraulic pressure is described, wherein fluid pressure is
incrementally developed within a resilient accumulator by
controlling fluid passages through the use of pressure-responsive
valving, while a reciprocating piston action pumps the fluid into
the passages.
Inventors: |
Siczek; Bernard W. (Chicago,
IL), Hall; Gene H. (Westchester, IL) |
Assignee: |
Graco Inc. (Minneapolis,
MN)
|
Family
ID: |
23995266 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/501,851 |
Filed: |
August 29, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/332;
239/533.15; 239/583; 222/380; 239/574 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B05B
9/0861 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
9/08 (20060101); B05b 009/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/101,331,332,351,361,533,546,574,583,DIG.14 ;222/372,380,383
;417/410,416,424 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
2013639 |
September 1935 |
Steinhart et al. |
2771321 |
November 1956 |
Alric |
3163360 |
December 1964 |
McNinch, Jr. et al. |
|
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Kashnikow; Andres
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sjoquist; Paul L.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for accumulating incremental fluid pulses and for
developing an elevated fluid pressure therein for subsequent
release to the exterior, comprising
a. means for receiving said fluid pulses, including a check valve
for admitting said fluid and preventing reverse flow therefrom;
b. an accumulator chamber connected to said means for receiving,
said accumulator chamber having a pressure-deformable member
therein;
c. a housing having a fluid release passage therethrough, said
housing seated against said deformable member, with said fluid
release passage connecting the interior of said accumulator chamber
with the exterior;
d. valve means for opening said fluid release passage, sealably
seated in said fluid release passage and operatively connected to
move from its sealably seated position under conditions of elevated
pressure in said accumulator chamber;
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said valve means further
comprises
i. a ball valve seated against said housing in blocking
relationship to said fluid release passage;
ii. a valve rod interposed between said ball valve and said means
for receiving said fluid pulses, said valve rod having thereon a
means for limiting its movement; and
iii. a shoulder fixedly located relative to said means for limiting
movement and in operative contact under predetermined conditions of
elevated pressure in said accumulator chamber.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the position of said valve rod
means for limiting movement relative to said shoulder is greater
than required for seating the ball valve under unelevated pressure
conditions internal said accumulator chamber.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a retainer clamp
means for compressing said accumulator chamber and said housing
against said means for receiving said fluid pulses.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said housing further comprises
a spray tip having an orifice therein for forming a spray.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said valve rod is coupled to
said receiving means check valve by a compression spring.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said retainer clamp is threaded
and is adjustable in compression force against said means for
receiving said fluid pulses.
8. An apparatus for developing an elevated fluid pressure in a
chamber after withdrawing the fluid from a container into the
chamber, and subsequently spraying the fluid, comprising
a. a fluid passage connecting said container to a cylinder;
b. a piston reciprocable within said cylinder, and a fluid outlet
extending from said cylinder;
c. a chamber connected to said cylinder fluid outlet, said chamber
having therein a resilient wall portion;
d. a spray conduit connected to said chamber resilient wall
portion;
e. valve means for closing said spray conduit, said valve means
closing said spray conduit when the fluid pressure in said chamber
is not elevated, and said valve means opening said spray conduit
when the fluid pressure in said chamber is elevated; and
f. valve means for closing said chamber from said cylinder during a
reciprocable piston stroke.
9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein said chamber
resilient wall portion further comprises a raised shoulder formed
from said resilient material of said wall portion, and said spray
conduit is seated against said raised shoulder.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said valve means for closing
said chamber from said cylinder is connected by a compression
spring to said valve means for closing said spray conduit.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said valve means for closing
said spray conduit is a ball valve and said valve means for closing
said passage connecting said chamber to said cylinder is a ball
valve.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 further comprising a threaded
retainer clamp grasping the exterior of said chamber and holding
said chamber resilient wall portion in adjustable compression
against said passage connecting said chamber to said cylinder.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said spray conduit further
comprises an orifice for developing a spray.
14. A spray apparatus for accumulating incremental fluid pulses in
a housing and for developing an elevated fluid pressure therein for
subsequent release to the exterior, comprising:
a. means for receiving said fluid pulses, including a chamber and a
check valve for admitting said fluid into said chamber and
preventing reverse flow therefrom;
b. a movable wall portion forming a part of said chamber and
movable relative to said housing;
c. a spray tip located in said movable wall portion and having a
passage passing therethrough to the exterior;
d. a resilient member connected between said movable wall portion
and said housing in compressible relationship to said chamber;
and
e. valve means for opening and closing said spray tip passage,
seated against said spray tip and connected in limited movement
relationship to said housing.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said resilient member further
comprises at least one spring washer.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said valve means further
comprises
i. a valve seated in said spray tip passage;
ii. a shoulder attached to said housing;
iii. a valve rod interposed against said valve and in sliding
relationship to said shoulder, said valve rod having a stop thereon
for contacting said shoulder under predetermined conditions of
elevated pressure in said chamber.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising means for
adjusting the compression force of said resilient member against
said chamber, said means being threadably attached to said housing.
Description
This invention relates to an apparatus for the spraying of paint
and other liquids under the influence of high hydraulic pressure.
More particularly, the invention in its preferred embodiment is
described with reference to a portable, electrically powered, paint
sprayer apparatus. The invention is particularly useful in
providing a means for incrementally building up and accumulating a
high hydraulic pressure for subsequent release through an orifice
for the purpose of spraying.
There are essentially two approaches to the spraying of paint and
other liquids through an orifice. The first of these involves
spraying liquid at relatively low pressure and utilizing an
auxiliary gas, usually air, to atomize and assist in the spraying
of the liquid. An apparatus which uses this approach will have, in
addition to suitable passages and orifices for the flow of the
liquid to be sprayed, additional passages for controlling the flow
of pressurized air so that the liquid stream and air stream may be
merged to create an atomized spray pattern.
A second approach to the art of spraying liquids involves spraying
under high hydraulic liquid pressure. An apparatus which sprays
according to this approach will have only a single passage for
controlling the flow of the liquid, although it will also have
means for building up and maintaining a high pressure within the
spray passages. Of course, suitable valving mechanisms must be used
in either of the aforementioned approaches, but the obvious
advantage of spraying under hydraulic pressure is that an auxiliary
source of pressurized air is not required. This advantage is
somewhat lessened by the fact that means must be provided for
developing high hydraulic pressures.
In the field of portable paint and liquid sprayers, the problem of
developing high hydraulic pressure is compounded, because equipment
capable of doing so is frequently bulky and expensive. However,
small motor driven diaphragm and piston arrangements have been
devised whereby the hydraulic pressure is incrementally increased
with each stroke of the driving piston or diaphragm, and by driving
the piston or diaphragm at a high enough rate it becomes possible
to develop a high pressure within some confined chamber.
The present invention utilizes the concept of developing high
hydraulic pressure through the application of successive pressure
strokes on fluid confined in a chamber, although it accomplishes
this purpose through a new and novel apparatus.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an apparatus
for spraying paint and other liquids under high hydraulic
pressure.
It is another object of this invention to provide an apparatus for
use in a lightweight, portable paint sprayer.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide an economical
pressurizing means for paint and other liquids, for the purpose of
spraying under the influence of such pressure.
These and other objects and advantages will become apparent upon a
reading of the following specification and claims, and with
reference to the attached drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates the invention in side view in partial cross
section;
FIG. 2 is an expanded cross sectional view of an essential part of
the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional side view of the same part, showing a
second operating position;
FIG. 4 illustrates the passages between chambers;
FIG. 5A illustrates an alternative embodiment of the novel chamber
of this invention; and
FIG. 5B illustrates another embodiment of the novel chamber of this
invention.
Referring first to FIG. 1, the inventive apparatus is shown in side
view, with pertinent features illustrated in cross section. A
portable paint spraying apparatus is held by handle 15 and is
actuated by means of trigger 16, which permits electrical energy to
flow from wire 17 to drive motor 10. Motor 10 has a drive shaft
gear 11 which drives a second gear 12. Gear 12 is mounted with a
suitable bearing on spindle 13 and rotates freely about spindle 13.
An eccentric shaft 18 is securely attached to gear 12 in a position
displaced from the axis of gear 12, projecting downwardly and
having a rotatable wheel 20 attached at its lower end. Wheel 20
rests within a yoke 21 which forms the end of piston rod 25.
Therefore, as motor drive shaft gear 11 rotates it causes gear 12
to similarly rotate further causing eccentric shaft 18 to impart a
reciprocating motion to the end of piston rod 25, which may be
biased rearwardly by spring 26. This motion causes piston rod 25 to
move back and forth within its cylinder. Any other form of
reciprocating drive apparatus would be suitable for use with this
invention, the apparatus described with reference to motor 10 being
a representative and preferred embodiment for use with the
invention. It has been found that a 1/3 -- horsepower electric
motor operating at 12,000 r.p.m. provides an effective power source
for this invention.
As piston rod 25 reciprocates within its cylinder, it draws paint
from paint container 30 upwardly through suction tube 31 during
each reverse stroke, and forces this paint into chamber 32 during
each forward stroke. Paint is forced into chamber 32 by pressure
exerted against ball valve 35, causing ball 35 to move away from
its seat against the spring force of spring 36. Ball 35 may return
to its seated position during each rearward stroke of piston rod
25, thereby allowing the upward suction of additional paint via
suction tube 31. A drain passage 38 is provided for allowing excess
accumulated paint to drain back into container 30, if such paint
travels between piston rod 25 and its cylinder. Suitable packing
material (not shown) may be used to provide a seal for piston rod
25 rearward of drain passage 38 and to thereby prevent paint from
leaking to the exterior of the apparatus.
Chamber 32 is connected to chamber 33 by means of passages 48 (see
FIG. 4). Therefore, paint which is forced into chamber 32 flows
into chamber 33 through passages 48. Chamber 33 is formed as an
interior chamber within an accumulator 28. Accumulator 28 is formed
from a resilient, flexible material such as rubber for purposes
which will be hereinafter described. A spray tip 50, of
conventional design known in the art and typically manufactured of
carbide steel, is seated within accumulator 28, and the assembly
consisting of spray tip 50 and accumulator 28 is clamped onto the
spray gun body by means of threaded tip retainer 45.
FIG. 2 illustrates in expanded view the novel portion of the
inventive apparatus. Further, it illustrates the relative positions
of the operational components during the forward stroke of piston
rod 25. The fluid drawn into the cylinder of piston rod 25 during
its reversed stroke is forced forwardly, opening ball valve 35 to
allow this fluid to enter chamber 32. The fluid also escapes
through threaded valve guide 43 via passages 48 into chamber 33.
The fluid is prevented from leaving via the spray tip 50 orifice 51
because valve 55 remains seated against its seat in the rear of
spray tip 50. Thus, the fluid forced into chambers 32 and 33 by
piston rod 25 is accumulated therein during each successive forward
stroke of piston rod 25, building up fluid pressure within these
chambers during each of these strokes. During each successive
reverse stroke of piston rod 25, ball valve 35 may become seated to
prevent leakage of the fluid backward into the piston rod cylinder,
and a new quantity of fluid is drawn into the piston rod 25
cylinder.
FIG. 4 illustrates an end view of valve guide 43. A plurality of
passages 48 may be provided therein for allowing the passage of
fluid into chamber 33, and these passages remain open regardless of
the position of valve rod 40.
As piston rod 25 reciprocates, the fluid pressure within chamber 33
incrementally increases with each stroke. Because chamber 33 is
formed from a resilient flexible material comprised of accumulator
28 the pressure build up causes some deformity to the interior
shape of chamber 33. In particular, the pressure build up causes
spray tip 50 to exert a forward force against shoulders 52, which
are formed within accumulator 28. Shoulders 52 move incrementally
forward with each stroke of piston rod 25, allowing spray tip 50 to
also move forward At some point the rounded head of valve rod 40
abuts against valve guide 43 and thereby prevents further forward
movement of valve 55, and valve 55 is released from its seat
against the rear of spray tip 50 and a fluid passage to the spray
tip orifice 51 is created. When this passage opens fluid is ejected
out through orifice 51 as illustrated in FIG. 3, to relieve the
pressure within chamber 33. As the pressure drops within chamber 33
the interior shape of accumulator 28 returns to normal and the rear
seat of spray tip 50 again becomes seated against valve 55. This
causes valve rod 40 to again lift from its seat against valve guide
43. The cycle then repeats itself as described hereinbefore.
Because piston rod 25 is reciprocated at a relatively high rate of
speed, typically 2,000 to 3,000 strokes per minute, the spray
output from orifice 51 appears as a continuous spray. Pulsations or
surges in this spray output tend to be damped by the resiliency of
accumulator 28. If piston 25 supplies enough fluid volume under
high pressure valve 55 may remain open to allow a constant escape
of fluid from orifice 51. If piston 25 doesn't supply enough fluid
volume, valve 55 may open and close at the same rate as piston 25
reciprocates. In either case, the operative result is a high
pressure spray pattern which provides an effective spray for the
purposes intended.
The apparatus may be initially set up and adjusted by means of the
threaded fittings illustrated in the figures. For example, the
compression of spring 36, holding ball valve 35 onto its seat, may
be adjusted initially by the threaded depth of valve guide 43. This
valve guide 43 may be threaded into the spray gun body, using a
special wrench adapted to fit passages 48, until the spring force
of spring 36 exerts the desired force against ball valve 35 for the
pressure ranges desired. Similarly, the position of valve rod 40,
as well as the pressure required in chamber 33 to unseat valve 55,
may be adjusted by tightening tip retainer 45 against 45 against
the spray gun body. As tip retainer 45 is threaded onto the spray
gun body it increases the gap between the selectively head of valve
rod 40 and valve guide 43, and thereby increases the internal
pressure within chamber 33 which must build up before sufficient
deformity of accumulator 28 occurs to release valve 55. Thus the
spray gun may be adjusted to operate se;ectively over different
fluid pressure ranges, which adjustment may be necessary depending
upon the viscosity and other characteristics of the paint or fluid
to be sprayed. If desired, an additional adjustment may be provided
by varying the length of valve rod 40. Adjustment of this valve rod
length may be provided by threading one end of the valve rod and
controlling the depth which it is inserted into the ball valve 55,
or into the rounded head of valve rod 40.
FIG. 5A illustrates an alternative embodiment of the accumulator
chamber of this invention. In this embodiment, the resiliency of
the accumulator is accomplished by the combination of a resilient
member 280, which functions similarly to accumulator 28 described
hereinbefore, and a plurality of spring washers 60. Spring washers
60 may be stacked as illustrated in FIG. 5A to provide an
additional resilient force acting against spray tip 50 in the
manner already described. It may be necessary to utilize a flat
washer 61 between the end surface of member 280 and the stack of
spring washers 60.
FIG. 5B illustrates yet another embodiment of the spray tip
assembly. Tip retainer 450 secures the assembly onto the body of
the spray gun as before. A plurality of spring washers 60 are
clamped by tip retainer 450 against spray tip 500, and spray tip
500 is clamped securely against member 75. Member 75 may be a
non-resilient metallic member, and a suitable O-ring 76 seal is
provided to prevent fluid leakage around the spray tip 500 edges. A
valve rod 400 is engaged between ball valve 550 and valve rod end
401, and a spring 360 is engaged between end 401 and ball valve
350. The overall operation of this embodiment is similar to that
described hereinbefore, except the resiliency of the accumulator is
entirely accomplished through the use of the plurality of spring
washers 600. The spray tip 500 slides forward and backward in
response to pressures within chamber 330, and such sliding action
is sealably accomplished through O-ring 76. The adjustments for
control of pressure and fluid spray characteristics can be
accomplished in a manner similar to that already described for
other embodiments of the invention.
The invention as herein described has produced an excellent paint
spray application using water-base latex paint, and a spray tip
orifice of 0.013 inch in effective area. The piston stroke rate for
effective operation was found to be in the range of from 2,000 to
3,000 strokes per minute, and this produced a peak hydraulic
pressure of 2,000 - 2,500 p.s.i. Other paint types have been used
in the embodiment described herein with equally satisfactory
results.
* * * * *