U.S. patent number 3,891,996 [Application Number 05/492,843] was granted by the patent office on 1975-07-01 for ballistic vest.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Burlington Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to William G. Fash, Jack Leach.
United States Patent |
3,891,996 |
Leach , et al. |
July 1, 1975 |
Ballistic vest
Abstract
A ballistic vest having ballistic members which are positioned
in the front and rear of the torso of a person each member having a
plurality of layers of alternately spaced woven fabric sheets of
(1) ballistic nylon fiber and (2) aramid fiber. The members are
contained within envelopes which are fastened together so as to be
draped over the shoulders of the wearer and held in position around
the torso by means of a plurality of straps.
Inventors: |
Leach; Jack (Greensboro,
NC), Fash; William G. (Jamesburg, NJ) |
Assignee: |
Burlington Industries, Inc.
(Greensboro, NC)
|
Family
ID: |
23957851 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/492,843 |
Filed: |
July 29, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
2/2.5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41H
1/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41H
1/00 (20060101); F41H 1/02 (20060101); F41h
001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;2/2.5
;161/404,227,92 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Guest; Alfred R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cushman, Darby & Cushman
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A ballistic vest comprising:
at least one member formed of a plurality of layers of alternately
placed woven fabric sheets of (1) ballistic nylon fiber and (2)
aramid fiber, said member being sewn so as to prevent substantial
relative movement between said layers; and
means for securing said member to the torso of a person.
2. A ballistic vest as defined in claim 1, wherein said layers of
nylon each comprises a tightly woven fabric of 200 - 1500 denier
nylon fiber and said layers of aramid each comprises a tightly
woven fabric of 200 - 1500 denier aramid fiber.
3. A ballistic vest as defined in claim 1, wherein said layers of
nylon each comprises a tightly woven fabric of 1050 denier nylon
fiber made substantially in accordance with United States military
specification MIL-C-12369 and said layers of aramid each comprises
a tightly woven fabric of 1500 denier aramid fiber.
4. A ballistic vest as defined in claim 1, wherein said means for
securing said member to the torso of a person includes:
at least one casing made of fabric sewn to form a pocket in which
said member is received;
means secured to said casing for maintaining said casing and member
so as to present sufficient cross-sectional area to protect a major
portion of the torso of the wearer.
5. A ballistic vest as defined in claim 4, wherein a first of said
members is disposable in front of the wearer and a second of said
members is disposable in back of said wearer;
each said member being contained in a separate casing;
said securing means including a pair of straps secured to the upper
portions of each of said casings and laterally spaced so as to
support said vest on the shoulders of the wearer, and other means
secured to the lower portion of at least one of said casings for
securing both said casings to the body of the wearer.
6. A ballistic vest as defined in claim 5, wherein said other means
for securing is a strap secured to one of said casings and a strap
engaging member secured to the other of said casings which permits
adjustable securement of said strap to hold said vest against the
body of the wearer.
7. A ballistic vest as defined in claim 5, wherein said casing is
sewn peripherially so as to permanently enclose said members in
said pockets.
8. A ballistic vest as defined in claim 6, wherein each said casing
is sewn along the bottom and two side edges with the top portion
being open;
means for releasably securing said open top portion so as to permit
removal or insertion of said member in said pocket.
9. A ballistic vest comprising:
at least one member formed of a plurality of layers of woven fabric
sheet, some of the sheets being made of nylon fiber and others of
aramid fiber, the sheets being arranged in groupings where multiple
layers of the same woven fiber sheets are placed alternately with
multiple layers of the other woven fiber sheets.
10. A ballistic vest as defined in claim 1 and including multiple
groupings of said members juxtaposed as to one another.
11. A ballistic vest as defined in claim 10, wherein a total of 9
layers of aramid fiber sheets and 11 layers of nylon fiber sheets
are utilized in said groupings to form said member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to ballistic protective devices and more
particularly to a ballistic protective vest which can be
conveniently and comfortably worn by an individual.
2. PRIOR ART
Prior art bulletproof garments have generally taken two forms of
development; (1) where the garment was made entirely of a plurality
of layers of ballistic cloth and (2) where the garment utilizes
both a plurality of layers of ballistic cloth and at least one thin
sheet of metal or ceramic plates or resin/fiberglass molded panels
contained within or used as backing for the ballistic cloth to
substantially enhance its ability to prevent penetration of a
projectile entirely through the garment. The latter device is
usually the more effective since the plate substantially enhances
the ability to prevent penetration of a projectile, however, the
weight of the garment is greatly increased by the addition of such
plate, and, thus, there is usually a tradeoff between the ability
of the garment to prevent penetration of projectiles and the weight
of the garment so that it may be worn for extended periods of time.
The tradeoff is dependent upon the condition under which the
garment is to be utilized. For example, where the garment is to be
worn for a long period of time it is desired to have a lighter
garment and, thus, one utilizing a plate is usually not as
desirable as one having only the plurality of layers of ballistic
cloth since the latter would be lighter and, thus, more comfortable
for the wearer. The result of such a tradeoff is usually the
decrease in protection available for the wearer. With regard to
those garments which are intended to be worn for prolonged periods
of time, the developments have been along the lines of devising
ways for securing the plurality of layers of cloth together and/or
increasing or decreasing both the number of layers of the cloth as
well as the denier or cross-sectional area of the fibers used in
the individual layers so as to increase the ability of the garment
to prevent penetration by a projectile. Such an attempt is
disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 3,562,810 in which a plurality of layers
are sewn together in a particular manner to increase the
effectiveness against penetration of a projectile.
Although the design of bulletproof garments was initially developed
as a result of an anticipated use for members of the armed services
during combat conditions, in recent years due to the decrease in
such needs or on the other hand, due to the increased need of such
protection by policemen and similar civilian oriented protective
agencies for use in defeating projectiles fired from hand guns, the
design considerations have changed to some extent as a result of
the difference in criteria for such protective devices. The early
design of ballistic fabric vests and jackets were developed in
World War II to protect aircraft crews from injury by shrapnel from
exploding anti-aircraft shells. Subsequently, in Korea and Vietnam,
the vests were worn by field soldiers as protection from the
shrapnel from exploding land mines, grenades and booby traps. Thus,
the attractiveness to today's intended users of bulletproof vests
constructed entirely of material, rather than containing metallic
sheets, etc., is increased since a sufficient thickness of layers
of ballistic cloth, usually ballistic nylon, can be provided to
defeat hand gun fired projectiles. Of course, there are many hand
guns available on the market which, in order to prevent them from
penetrating such a garment would require so many layers of
ballistic nylon that it would be entirely too heavy and cumbersome
to be an acceptable means of protection for civilian police use. As
a result, there have been constant attempts to enhance the
penetration preventive characteristics of such a garment while
reducing the weight or keeping the weight at an acceptable maximum
so as to allow an individual to wear the garment for a reasonable
period of time without being fatigued due to the weight.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a ballistic vest which is not stiff
or cumbersome due to the inclusion of plates therein and which is
sufficiently light in weight to allow the wearer to wear the
garment for a reasonable length of time without becoming fatigued
as a result of the burden of its weight.
This object is achieved through use of a plurality of layers of
alternately placed woven fabric sheets of (1) ballistic nylon fiber
and (2) aramid fiber with the layers being sewn together so as to
prevent substantial relative movement between them. A member formed
in this manner is suspended around the torso of a person, at least
one such member being suspended in the front or chest portion of a
person, and an additional member may be suspended to the back
portion of the torso of a person to provide protection from the
rear.
Certain alternative constructions in the individual members are
believed to also be effective in providing solutions to the above
described problems and objectives where units of two or more layers
of woven fabric sheet of either aramid fiber or nylon fiber are
alternately placed in a plurality of layers so that, for example,
there will first be two layers of nylon and then two layers of
aramid, etc.. Also, a construction wherein a unit utilizing
multiple alternately placed layers of nylon and aramid fibers are
combined with other units similarly constructed so that
occasionally in the member two layers of the same type of fabric,
for example nylon, would be positioned adjacent to one another
rather than alternately interspaced with fabric made of aramid
fiber.
Also, although the preferred embodiment utilizes woven fabrics
constructed of 1050 denier nylon fiber and 1500 denier aramid
fiber, other deniers are believed to be satisfactory such as 200
denier aramid fiber. Naturally, if the denier of the fiber is
decreased substantially the number of layers of fabric utilized
must be increased accordingly to present substantially the same
thickness of each of the nylon and aramid fibers.
Although many means have been devised for securing the bulletproof
members to the torso of a human being, one convenient method as
disclosed herein utilizes two envelope-like members secured to one
another by laterally spaced straps which will hold the envelopes in
proper relation to the torso of an individual by resting on the
shoulders of the individual. Contained within each of these
envelopes is one of the protective members constructed as described
above. The envelopes are designed with a releasable closure means
at the top of each so as to allow the members to be removed and
permit the garment, consisting of the envelopes and straps, to be
easily cleaned or washed. This is of particular advantage where
such garments are to be frequently utilized such as in the day to
day activities of a police officer where perspiration would be
absorbed by the outer envelopes of cloth and would become extremely
annoying after prolonged periods of use.
In addition to these envelopes some means must be provided to
maintain each of the members contained in the envelopes against the
torso of the wearer. Thus, a plurality of straps are provided which
extend around the sides of the wearer and are secured between the
envelopes containing the members.
An alternative supporting means for maintaining the protective
members in proper relation to the wearer is similar to that
described above with the exception that the envelopes are sewn so
as to completely enclose each member and no means is provided for
removing the members from the envelopes to permit the envelopes and
supportive straps to be cleaned.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the ballistic vest
secured to a person;
FIG. 2 is a side perspective view of another embodiment of the
vest;
FIG. 3 is a side perspective view in partial cross-section of the
preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a bulletproof protective member
constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a rear view of the member illustrated in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a cross-section along line 6--6 of the embodiment
illustrated in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the embodiment illustrated in FIG.
2 with an alternative strap means; and
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view along line 8--8, illustrating the
seam construction in the cross-section of a bulletproof protective
member as shown in FIG. 7.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A preferred form of the ballistic vest is shown in FIG. 1 disposed
properly on a person to provide protection for a major portion of
his torso. The ballistic vest contains two envelopes 10 and 12
(best shown in FIG. 3) preferably constructed of non-ballistic
material which is easily cleaned or washed, although they may be
made of ballistic material if it is so desired so as to increase or
provide additional protection. Both envelopes 10 and 12 are
constructed substantially the same, although, as shown in FIG. 3
the envelope 12 to be positioned on the back of the wearer can be
larger than the envelope 10 to be positioned on the front of the
wearer since the top portion 14 of envelope 10 must be positioned
low enough on the wearer so as to permit freedom of movement of the
head whereas the envelope 12 will not inhibit such movement if it
is designed so as to have the top portion 16 positioned slightly
higher on the back of the wearer.
Since the construction of envelopes 10 and 12 is similar, the
actual construction of only envelope 10 will be explained. A woven
fabric back portion 18 is stitched at 20 to a woven fabric front
portion 22, the stitching 20 extending up both sides and across the
bottom of envelope 10 so as to form a pocket therein with the upper
portion 14 being left open. The top of member 22 is folded inwardly
and downwardly and sewn at 24 to prevent unraveling and provide
additional support for the top of envelope 10. The top of member 18
is likewise folded inwardly and downwardly and sewn at 26 to
provide additional support therefore as well as to prevent
unraveling.
An additional piece of fabric 28 is folded double and sewn along
with strap 30 (to be described more fully below) at 32. One portion
34 of a Velcro fastener is secured to member 28 and another portion
36 is secured to member 22. Naturally, any other means of securing
the upper portion of the envelope together may be utilized, such as
a zipper.
Support member 30 is preferably made of the same material as
members 18 and 22. The support member 30 is actually constructed in
two portions 38 and 40. The front portion 38 is further composed of
two pieces of fabric 42 and 44 sewn together along the entire outer
length of the sides and also the entire inner length of the neck
portion. The back portion 40 is constructed in a similar manner and
then the two portions 38 and 40 are sewn together by inserting the
end 46 of member 40 into the end 48 of member 38 and sewing the two
together.
Straps 50 and 52, one of each of which is sewn to each side of back
member 12, are provided preferably with a portion 54 and 56 of a
Velcro fastener with corresponding portions 58 and 60 being secured
to the front side of member 10. The straps should be of sufficient
length to provide adjustment of the fit of the ballistic vest to a
normal variety of human torsos. The Velcro fasteners provide means
for adjusting the fit to the particular wearer. Again, naturally,
other similar means of fastening the straps 50 and 52 to the front
member 10 may be utilized.
Turning to the construction of the ballistic member 62 which is to
be inserted within the pockets 10 and 12, its outer edges are
contoured to allow the member to provide maximum cross-sectional
area coverage of the torso of a person while permitting freedom of
movement of the arms by narrowing towards the top. One construction
of member 62 consists of multiple layers of alternately placed
sheets of woven fabric made of (1) ballistic nylon fiber which is
prepared to comply with military specification MIL C-12369E(GL)
incorporated herein by reference, and (2) aramid fiber. Aramid
fibers are a generic class of fibers whose technical name is
"aromatic polyamide" and which is produced by a reaction of
paraphenylenediamine and terephthaloyl chloride, given the
designation "aramid" by the Federal Trade Commission as published
in the Federal Register, Volume 38, Number 237 -- Tuesday, Dec. 11,
1973 at page 34112, et seq., which is specifically incorporated
herein by reference. The preferred construction of member 62, as
can best be seen in FIG. 6, consists of 9 layers of closely woven
1500 denier aramid fiber sheets interspersed between 11 layers of
closely woven 1050 denier ballistic nylon with two of the layers,
in this case shown as two centrally placed layers, being of
ballistic nylon placed side by side. The importance of the weave,
i.e., how many ends and picks, has not been determined, however, it
is believed that a fairly close weave such as 42 ends and 42 picks
is preferable to a much looser weave since the increased number of
fibers would seem to provide more strength since a projectile would
strike more fibers at one time and be less likely to allow a
projectile to pass between the fibers.
It has also been found that a member constructed of multiple units
consisting of multiple layers of ballistic nylon alternately placed
with multiple layers of aramid fiber sheet are effective in
preventing penetration of projectiles. Both of the above
constructions should be sewn around their entire periphery as well
as internally, as shown in FIG. 5, with multiple rows of spaced
stitching, to maintain the layers in position relative to each
other and to prevent substantial movement between layers when they
are struck by a projectile.
The outer layer of the member 62 is sufficiently larger than the
other layers of ballistic cloth including the aramid fiber cloth,
to permit the edge portions thereof to be folded around and
encompass all of the other layers of fabric and extending over the
back layer 64 so that it may be sewn as shown in FIG. 5, the sewing
extending entirely through the entire member 62.
The construction described above utilizing 9 layers of woven aramid
fiber sheets alternately spaced with 11 layers of woven ballistic
nylon fibers sheets, with the exception of two internally placed
ballistic nylon sheets being placed back to back, will defeat
standard (commercially available) lead nosed bullets fired from a
.357 magnum, a .44 magnum, a .38 Special, and will defeat
projectiles fired from any hand guns whose energy upon leaving the
muzzle of the gun is equivalent to those projectiles listed and
which is a lead nosed projectile. The construction will defeat
certain copper jacketed or steel jacketed projectiles consistently,
particularly those of lower muzzle energy such as those commonly
fired from a .38 caliber pistol.
A similar construction, i.e., one consisting of 20 layers, but
consisting solely of layers of ballistic nylon cloth will not
consistently defeat all of the above projectiles. Also, although 20
layers of aramid fiber sheets will be somewhat more effective than
20 layers of nylon, it would be considerably more expensive. It is,
therefore, believed that a substantial synergistic effect is
created by the alternate placement of multiple layers of aramid
fiber and ballistic nylon. This effect is believed to be the result
of the combination of the high strength of the aramid fiber, which
is much stronger than ballistic nylon, with the greater elongation
of nylon before rupture.
A further embodiment of the invention utilizes the same
construction of members 62 but has a different envelope
construction as is shown in FIGS. 2 and 7. The support member 66 is
constructed substantially the same as support member 30 and will,
therefore, not be discussed in detail. The envelopes 68 and 70 are
preferably constructed on non-ballistic nylon or other cloth which
is easily dyed so as to provide the desirable color and are
constructed by sewing along the outer periphery of the two portions
72 and 74 of bag 68 the construction of bag 70 being similar and
will not be further discussed. The member 62 is then inserted
through the top 76 of each of the envelopes 68 and 70 and then the
envelope is permanently closed across the top by sewing so as to
prevent removal of the member 62 from either member 68 or 70. Thus,
unlike the previously described envelopes 10 and 12 for containing
the ballistic member 62, the members may not be removed so as to
clean or separately wash the envelopes and support. The embodiment
in FIG. 2 is different from that in FIG. 7 in that straps 78 and 80
shown on the embodiment in FIG. 2 use the Velcro fastener for
providing adjustable support of the members against the torso while
FIG. 7 illustrates alternative straps 82 and 84 (not shown) which
provide adjustment by means of fastening through D-rings 86 and 88
to fit a particular torso.
Although the foregoing illustrates the preferred embodiment of the
invention, it will be obvious to one skilled in the art that
modifications can be made. Any such modifications which would be
obvious to one skilled in this art are believed to be within the
scope of this invention.
* * * * *