U.S. patent number 3,890,971 [Application Number 05/408,515] was granted by the patent office on 1975-06-24 for safety syringe.
Invention is credited to Mark Scott Hamilton, Thomas A. Leeson.
United States Patent |
3,890,971 |
Leeson , et al. |
June 24, 1975 |
Safety syringe
Abstract
A safety syringe for one-time use including a plunger which is
permanently lockable by detent members and a slidable needle cap
which is also permanently lockable by detents to prevent reuse.
Inventors: |
Leeson; Thomas A. (Campbell,
CA), Hamilton; Mark Scott (San Francisco, CA) |
Family
ID: |
23616598 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/408,515 |
Filed: |
October 23, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/110; 206/365;
604/198; 604/197; 604/220 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
5/24 (20130101); A61M 5/5013 (20130101); A61M
5/3243 (20130101); A61M 5/3202 (20130101); A61M
2005/3247 (20130101); A61M 2005/2411 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
5/24 (20060101); A61M 5/32 (20060101); A61M
5/50 (20060101); A61m 005/22 (); A61m 005/24 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/218N,221,215,128D,218DA,218PA,218C,261,234,235,218R,216
;206/365-368,1.5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: McGowan; J. C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Pravel & Wilson
Claims
I claim:
1. A lockable safety syringe, comprising:
a barrel housing having a bore therethrough, said barrel housing
bore being adapted at one end thereof to receive a container for
medicine having a needle mounted therewith for protrusion outwardly
from said barrel housing;
a plunger mounted in said barrel housing bore at the other end
thereof for slidable movement, said plunger being movable into said
container for medicine for displacing medicine in said container
outwardly through said needle;
a protective cap mounted on said one end of said barrel housing
over said needle;
cap safety lock means for locking said protective cap over said
needle to prevent reuse of said syringe; and
plunger safety lock means for locking said plunger against movement
to prevent reuse of said plunger whereby said plunger safety lock
means cooperates with said cap safety lock means to prevent reuse
of said syringe, said cap safety lock means and said plunger safety
lock means being located within said housing so as to be
inaccessible after locking each of said means.
2. The structure set forth in claim 1, including:
said plunger being movable from an initial position to a position
further into said housing bore for injecting medicine into a
person;
said plunger further being movable further outwardly of said
housing from said initial position to a lockable position; and
said plunger safety lock means comprising
detent means mounted with said plunger and housing bore to prevent
movement of said plunger inwardly of said housing bore from said
lockable position.
3. The structure set forth in claim 1, including:
mount means mounting said protective cap for slidable movement from
an initial position over said needle to a retracted position
inwardly of said housing in which said needle is exposed for
use.
4. The structure set forth in claim 3, including:
said mount means mounting said protective cap for movement
outwardly of said housing from said retracted position to a
protective position over said needle.
5. The structure set forth in claim 4, including:
said cap safety lock means locking said protective cap in said
protective position against movement inwardly of said housing to
prevent further exposure of said needle.
6. The structure set forth in claim 5, wherein said cap safety lock
means includes:
said barrel housing having an annular recess therein which receives
said protective cap; and
detent means mounted within said recess of said housing for
permanently locking said cap safety lock means.
7. The structure set forth in claim 1, including:
said housing including an annular recess; and
said protective cap including a cylindrical portion mounted in said
annular recess for slidable movement with respect to said housing.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The field of this invention is safety syringes.
Drug addiction is certainly one of today's great and continuing
tragedies. Many of the particularly dangerous drugs are taken
through injection with a syringe. Very often the syringes used by
drug addicts are stolen or otherwise removed from medical centers
such as hospitals. In addition to implementing the drug habit, used
syringes are a source of disease and infection.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,320,954 issued to Cowley discloses a hypodermic
syringe having a breakable needle adapter for breaking off the
needle end of the syringe. The Cowley syringe requires the user to
find a suitable surface on which to break off the needle end and
then to retrieve the broken-off end. The inconvenience involved in
rendering the Cowley syringe inoperable tends to encourage users to
simply discard the syringe in reusable condition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a new and improved
safety syringe which is easily and conveniently rendered unusable
by activating locking mechanisms at both the plunger end and the
needle end of the syringe. In the preferred embodiment of this
invention, the safety syringe includes a barrel housing having a
bore therethrough for receiving a plunger at one end and an ampul
at the other end thereof. The plunger operates in a well known
manner to displace fluid from the ampul needle into the body.
A protective cap is mounted over the needle end of the barrel
housing and is movable inwardly in order to expose the needle. A
cap safety lock means is provided for moving the protective cap
outwardly over the needle and locking the cap against further
inward movement after the syringe has been used. Further, a plunger
lock means is provided for moving the plunger outwardly of said
housing to a lockable position wherein the plunger lock means
prevents movement of the plunger inwardly again. In this manner,
both the needle end and the plunger end of the syringe are
substantially deactivated to prevent further use thereof.
Further, the safety syringe of the preferred embodiment of this
invention may include a barrel housing having mounted therein a
plunger and ampul with a protective cap mounted over the needle
initially. The protective cap is mounted for slidable movement with
respect to the barrel housing such that the cap is movable inwardly
to an exposed position. This feature of this invention prevents
exposure of the needle until it is actually used thereby allowing
the needle to remain sterilized until use and further providing
some comfort to the patient by hiding the needle until it is
actually used.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view in section of the safety syringe of the
preferred embodiment of this invention prior to use thereof;
and
FIG. 2 is a side view in section of the safety syringe with both
ends thereof having been substantially deactivated after use thus
rendering the syringe inoperable for further use.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings, the letter S generally designates the
safety syringe of the preferred embodiment of this invention. The
safety syringe S basically includes a barrel-shaped housing 10
having mounted therein a plunger 11 for displacing medicinal fluid
outwardly through needle 12 which is mounted with the medicine
container or ampul 14. A plunger cap 15 is removably mounted over
the plunger at the top end 10a of the housing and needle cap 16 is
mounted over the bottom end 10b of the housing 10.
The housing 10 is basically cylindrical in cross-section and
includes a main housing portion 10c which has a bore 10d therein.
The bore 10d includes a plunger section 10e and an ampul section
10f. The plunger 11 includes an elongated or rod-like portion 11a
which is integrally formed with an enlarged end portion 11b adapted
to receive a thumb in a well known manner. Two annular ridges 17a
and 17b are integrally formed with the plunger bore section 10e and
extend radially inwardly to serve as guides for slidably mounting
the plunger 11 for movement within the housing 10. Plunger safety
lock means generally designated as 18 are mounted with the plunger
11 and the plunger bore section 10e in order to lock the plunger
against re-entry into the ampul after the syringe has been
used.
The plunger safety lock means 18 is provided by an annular groove
18a in the rod-like plunger portion 11a. The annular groove 18a
includes an upper inclined locking face 18b. The plunger safety
lock means 18 further includes a detent or annular ridge or stud 19
which extends radially inwardly from the plunger section bore 10e.
The detent 19 includes an upwardly inclined detent locking face 19a
which is adapted to engage the downwardly inclined groove locking
face 18b in order to prevent downward movement of the plunger 11
after initial use.
The ampul 14 is of conventional construction and includes a plunger
piston 14a of suitable material for receiving the plunger 11 and
displacing the medicinal fluid outwardly through the needle 12. The
ampul bore section 10f includes two annular ridges 20a and 20b
which provide a friction fit for the ampul 14.
The housing 10 further includes an annular recess 10g formed by
inner and outer cylindrical walls 10h and 10i. The annular recess
10g mounts the needle cap 16 for slidable movement therein. Annular
guide ridges 21a and 21b extend radially inwardly from outer recess
wall 10i for mounting the needle 16 for slidable movement within
the recess 10g. The inner recess wall 10h has two annular ridges
25a and 25b that are integrally formed with the housing 10 and
extend radially outwardly to cooperate with the ridges 21a and 21b
to mount needle cap 16 for slidable movement.
The housing 10 includes circumferentially spaced openings 10j which
extend to the annular recess 10g. The openings may be initially
covered by a band 22 of a suitable plastic material. The band is
removed at the time of use to allow air to enter and exit from the
annular recess 10g so that the plunger 11 can be moved as
desired.
The needle cap 16 includes an elongated, cylindrical body portion
16a integrally formed with the top 16b. The top 16b includes an
opening 16c to receive the needle 12. The opening 16c is initially
sealed off by a sealing membrane 24 for sterilization purposes. The
cylindrical portion 16a of the needle cap 16 is mounted within the
annular housing recess 10g for slidable movement inwardly and
outwardly thereof between various positions. The upper end 16d of
the cylindrical portion 16a is enlarged to further guide the
cylindrical needle cap 16a in the annular recess 10g.
Outer, end wall portion 16f of the needle cap 16 is grooved to
provide a gripping surface for the user to move the needle cap
upwardly and downwardly within the recess 10g.
Safety lock means generally designated as 26 are mounted with the
housing 10 in the recess 10g and with the needle cap 16 for locking
the needle cap in the position illustrated in FIG. 2 such that the
needle is not accessible for reuse. The safety lock means 26
includes two sets of detent means generally designated as 27 and
28. The first detent means 27 includes an annular, outwardly
extending ridge or detent member 27a which is integrally formed
with inside recess wall 10h. The annular detent member 27a includes
an upwardly facing, inclined locking face 27b which fits in annular
groove 27c in inside needle cap wall 16g.
The second detent means 28 includes an inwardly extending ridge or
detent member 28a which is integrally formed with and extends
inwardly from the outer recess wall 10i. With the needle cap in the
position of FIG. 2, the annular ridge 28a fits in annular groove
28b in outer needle cap wall 16h. The annular ridge 28a includes a
downwardly facing inclined locking surface 28c which engages a
cooperating surface in the groove 28b and serves to prevent inward
movement of the needle cap 16 after the needle cap has been moved
to the position of FIG. 2. The annular locking ridges 27a and 28a
provide first and second detent members for locking the needle cap
16 against movement either further into or further out of the
housing recess 10g. In this manner, the needle 24 can be rendered
inaccessible for subsequent use.
OPERATION AND USE
In operation and use of the safety syringe S of this invention, the
plunger cap 15 is first removed from the top end 10c of the housing
10 in order to expose the plunger 11 for use. The needle cap end
16b is then placed firmly against the body and the user presses
firmly downwardly against the housing shoulder 30 to move the
entire housing downwardly with respect to the needle cap 16 such
that the needle 12 will break through the membrane 24 and enter the
body. Thus, the cylindrical needle cap portion 16a moves inwardly
into housing recess 10g in order to retract the needle cap 16 and
expose needle 12. The needle cap 16 moves inwardly until the end
16b substantially abuts the bottom housing end 10b. The needle cap
24 thus eliminates some of the fear which patients may have from
observing the needle by eliminating the need to expose the needle
prior to entry of the needle into the body.
After the needle 12 has entered the body, the user then presses the
plunger 11 to move the plunger 11 into the ampul 14 and displace
the medicinal fluid therein outwardly through the needle 12 into
the body in a known manner. After the injection is completed, the
entire syringe S is pulled away from the body. The plunger 11 is
then moved upwardly in the direction of arrow 31 outwardly of the
housing 10 and the plunger bore section 10e to the lockable
position illustrated in FIG. 2, or even to a position further
outwardly thereof.
The needle cap 16 is then gripped at 16f and moved outwardly of the
housing recess 10g to the lockable position illustrated in FIG. 2.
In this lockable position, the first annular locking ridge 27a is
positioned within the needle cap groove 27c such that the locking
face 27b, which extends upwardly at an inclined angle, engages top
groove face 27d to prevent any movement of the needle cap 16
outwardly of the recess 10g.
The detent means 28 locks the needle cap 16 against further
movement inwardly into the housing recess 10g. The annular locking
ridge 28a extends into the groove 28b in the outer needle cap wall
16h such that the downwardly facing, inclined locking face 28c
engages bottom groove face 28d thereby preventing anyone from
moving the plunger 16 further into the recess. This safety cap
locking means 26 thus serves to lock the needle cap 16 in the
lockable position of FIG. 2 such that the needle 12 is rendered
inaccessible for subsequent use. The syringe S can now be safely
disposed of without fear of anyone making later use thereof.
The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention are
illustrative and explanatory thereof, and various changes in the
size, shape and materials as well as in the details of the
illustrated construction may be made without departing from the
spirit of the invention.
The various structures such as the housing 10 and the plunger 11 of
this invention are, in the preferred embodiment, polyethylene or
polypropylene or other suitable synthetic material. However, it
should be understood that any suitable material can be utilized to
provide an inexpensive, light-weight safety syringe.
* * * * *