U.S. patent number 3,890,966 [Application Number 05/411,872] was granted by the patent office on 1975-06-24 for anti-fog surgical face mask with slits.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Johnson & Johnson. Invention is credited to Gary Bertil Aspelin, Richard Francis Caffrey, William Lauer.
United States Patent |
3,890,966 |
Aspelin , et al. |
June 24, 1975 |
Anti-fog surgical face mask with slits
Abstract
A surgical face mask comprising a filtration medium and a sheet
of air impervious material, said sheet having slits which define
flaps that are outwardly moveable under the influence of exhaled
breath to provide paths for directing the flow of exhaled breath
away from the eyes of the wearer of the mask.
Inventors: |
Aspelin; Gary Bertil
(Bridgewater Twp., NJ), Caffrey; Richard Francis (Maplewood,
NJ), Lauer; William (Madison, NJ) |
Assignee: |
Johnson & Johnson (New
Brunswick, NJ)
|
Family
ID: |
23630641 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/411,872 |
Filed: |
November 1, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
128/201.17;
128/863 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A41D
13/1115 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A41D
13/11 (20060101); A41D 13/05 (20060101); A61b
019/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;2/206,14K,9R
;128/146,146.2,146.3,146.4,146.5,146.6,142.4,136,132D,163 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Recla; Henry J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A surgical face mask comprising a body portion having upper and
lower parts, said body portion comprising a filtration medium for
filtering bacteria, means for securing the mask over the mouth and
nose of the wearer, and a sheet of air impervious material secured
to the upper part of said body portion, substantially the entire
area of one major surface of said air impervious material overlying
said body portion, said sheet of air impervious material having
slits defining downwardly extending flaps which are outwardly
movable under the influence of exhaled breath to provide paths for
directing the flow of said exhaled breath away from the eyes of the
wearer.
2. A face mask according to claim 1 wherein said slits define flaps
having an arcuate configuration.
3. A face mask according to claim 2 wherein said slits are arranged
in rows.
4. A face mask according to claim 3 wherein the slits in each row
are arranged in pairs.
5. A face mask according to claim 1 wherein said slits are
generally V-shaped, and define triangular flaps whose apices are
directed toward the lower part of the mask.
6. A face mask according to claim 1 wherein said slits define
rectangular flaps.
7. A face mask according to claim 1 wherein said slits define
modified rectangular flaps.
8. A face mask according to claim 1 wherein said slits define flaps
having three sides, one of said three sides being substantially
horizontally disposed and the other two of said three sides being
generally vertically disposed, each of said other two sides forming
an angle of from about 90.degree. to about 135.degree. with said
horizontally disposed side.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to surgical face masks and, more
particularly, to surgical face masks adapted to prevent moist
breath from rising over the upper portion thereof and fogging the
eyeglasses of the wearer of the mask.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Surgical face masks have been employed for some time by the
operating room staff during surgical procedures. The purpose of the
face mask is to prevent bacteria exhaled by the surgeon, or other
of the operating room staff, from contaminating the patient
undergoing surgery. The face mask comprises a filter medium which
is of sufficiently small pore size to prevent bacteria from flowing
through the mask.
Older face masks, which were made of folded squares of linen,
gauze, or like materials, had relatively low air resistance and
were poor bacteria filters. Subsequently, face masks were made
which were extremely good bacteria filters but, in general, had
higher air resistance than the older masks.
Masks of the latter type sometimes presented problems to the user
who wore eyeglasses. As the air resistance of the masks increased,
there was a tendency for moist breath exhaled by the wearer to
escape at the top of the mask. The exhaled breath, being moist and
warmer than the surrounding air, had a tendency to condense on, and
fog, eyeglasses worn by surgeons and other operating room
personnel.
In our assignee' s copending patent application, Ser. No. 411,873,
entitled "Anti-fog Surgical Face Mask" filed on even date herewith,
the contents of which application are hereby incorporated herein by
reference, there is disclosed a surgical face mask which
substantially reduces eyeglass fogging without any substantial
decrease in the bacteria filtration efficiency of the mask. This
result is accomplished by employing an air impervious element on at
least the upper portion of the mask. This air impervious element
prevents exhaled breath from moving upwardly from the mask and
fogging the wearer's eyeglasses.
While such a mask is quite effective in substantially preventing
eyeglass fogging, some wearers have found the mask somewhat less
comfortable during use than a like mask without the air impervious
element.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
We have now discovered a simple method of making a surgical face
mask which alleviates the foregoing problem and, at the same time,
retains the "anti-fog" characteristics of the face mask of the
above identified copending application. This result is accomplished
by providing slits in the air impervious element.
It has been found that the slits in the air impervious element must
be so designed and so arranged as to preclude the flow of exhaled
breath upwardly from the mask. The slits, whose total number may
vary, may have different configurations, and may be arranged in a
variety of alignments, so long as they are effective to direct
substantially all the exhaled breath passing therethrough away from
the eyes of the wearer of the mask.
Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided an
improved surgical face mask comprising a body portion having upper
and lower parts, said body portion comprising a filtration medium
for filtering bacteria, means for securing the mask over the mouth
and nose of the wearer, and a sheet of air impervious material
across the upper part of said body portion, said sheet of air
impervious material having slits defining flaps which are outwardly
movable under the influence of exhaled breath to provide paths for
directing the flow of said exhaled breath away from eyes of the
wearer of the mask.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be better understood with reference to the
annexed drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a view of a first embodiment of the mask of this
invention shown in position on the face of a wearer.
FIG. 2 is a plan view, with parts cut away, showing the outer
surface of the mask of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a plan view, with parts cut away, showing the inner
surface of the mask of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view taken along line 4--4 of FIG.
2.
FIG. 5 is a side view, partially in section, showing the mask of
FIG. 1 in position on the face of a wearer.
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing slits of a different
configuration.
FIG. 7 is a plan view showing slits of still another
configuration.
FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a fourth configuration for the
slits.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention may be employed in any of the well known
surgical face masks such as flat face masks or in preformed
contoured face masks. A flat face mask has a body portion which has
two major surfaces, i.e., an inner major surface and an outer major
surface, and which comprises a suitable filtration medium. The body
portion may include, if desired, a facing material disposed on one
or both major surfaces of the filtration medium. A flat face mask
may be pleated or unpleated, as desired.
The terms "outside" and "outer surface," as used herein, refer to
that portion, or surface, respectively, of the mask (or of any
element thereof) which is disposed away from the face of the wearer
when the mask is in place; the terms "inside" and "inner surface"
refer to that portion, or surface, respectively, of the mask (or of
any element thereof) which contacts or is disposed toward the face
of the wearer when the mask is in place. The term "upper," as used
herein, refers to that part of the mask (or of any element thereof)
which is nearer the nose and eyes of the wearer when the mask is in
place; the term "lower" refers to that part of the mask (or of any
element thereof) which is nearer the chin of the wearer when the
mask is in place.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated, on the face of a
wearer, a first embodiment 20 of the face mask of the present
invention. Face mask 20 includes a body portion 21 which has a
binding 24 along its upper edge and a binding 25 along its lower
edge. Body portion 21 also has bindings 23 along the side edges
thereof which bindings may be extended at the corners of the mask,
if desired to provide tie strings 28 which may be tied at the back
of the head of the wearer as shown at 26 of FIG. 1 in order to
secure the mask in its desired position. As is well known in the
art, side bindings 23 and tie strings 28 may comprise biased fabric
tapes and may, if desired, have elastic characteristics. The upper,
outer surface of body portion 21 carries a sheet 30 of air
impervious material which has generally arcuate slits 30 therein.
The upper portion of mask 20 carries a nose clip 27 which may be
formed, for example, from a thin strip of aluminum.
The first embodiment of the present invention will now be described
in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 of the
drawings.
Referring particularly to FIG. 2, main body portion 21 is folded to
form pleats 29 which unfold to better conform the mask to the face
of the wearer when the mask is put on. In order to prevent exhaled
breath of the wearer of the mask from rising and fogging his
eyeglasses, mask 20 is provided with a sheet 30 of air impervious
material which is disposed across the upper outer surface of the
mask. Sheet 30 may be secured to body portion 21 by any suitable
securing means as described more fully in the aforementioned
copending application.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, it will be seen that the upper
periphery of sheet 30 is secured to upper binding 24. The side
peripheries of sheet 30 are disposed between main body portion 21
and side bindings 23 and are held in place by stitching indicated
by dotted line 18.
Sheet 30 has slits 31 cut therein which define downwardly
projecting flaps 32 best seen in FIG. 5. Slits 31 have a generally
arcuate configuration and have an arc distance approximately equal
to 1/3 the circumference of a 5/16 inch diameter circle. As shown
in FIG. 2, slits 31 are arranged in two rows running from one side
of the mask to the other. The slits in each row are arranged in
pairs, there being six pairs of slits per row. In the embodiment of
FIG. 2, the distance b between one slit of a first pair and the
adjacent slit of the next adjacent pair is about three times the
distance a between the slits comprising a pair. There are
twenty-four arcuate slits 31 cut into sheet 30 which measures about
11/2 inches vertically and about 61/2 inches between the inward
edges of side bindings 23.
The inner surface of the first embodiment, seen in FIG. 3, carries
bindings 23, 24, 25 which are merely folded-over portions of the
corresponding bindings on the outer surface of the mask. The folded
bindings are secured to body portion 21 by stitching, indicated by
dotted lines 18 in FIGS. 2 and 3. It will be seen that sheet 30 of
air impervious material has been folded over the upper edge of mask
20 and continued downwardly along the inner surface of the mask.
That part of sheet 30 that lies along the inner surface of the mask
has no slits. Sheet 30 is secured only along its upper and side
peripheries to the inner and outer surfaces of the mask, thereby
providing sheet 30 with a "flap-like" arrangement, best seen in
FIG. 4. This flap-like arrangement of sheet 30 is explained in
greater detail in the aforementioned copending patent application.
It is noted here, however, that the flap-like arrangement of sheet
30 of air impervious material, which allows the greater part
thereof to move more or less independently of the outer surface of
body portion 21, is to be distinguished from the flaps defined in
sheet 30 by the slits 31 cut therein.
Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown a side view, partially in
section, of the mask of FIGS. 1-4 in position on the face of a
wearer. Flaps 32, which are defined by slits 31, are illustrated in
FIG. 5 in a slightly uplifted position. As indicated by the arrows,
these flaps are outwardly movable to provide paths through which
exhaled breath may flow. Any exhaled breath flowing in this manner
is directed away from the eyeglasses of the wearer, thus
substantially overcoming any tendency of the moist breath to rise
upwardly and cause eyeglass fogging.
Referring now to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, there are illustrated various
other slit configurations and arrangements which are effective in
providing sites for the passage of exhaled breath while at the same
time preventing fogging of eyeglasses. In FIG. 6, a series of
V-shaped slits has been cut into sheet 34 of air impervious
material to form triangular flaps 36 whose apices are pointing
toward the lower part of the mask. The sides of the V-shaped slits
are about 3/16 of an inch in length and define an angle .alpha. of
about 90.degree.. The length of the sides of the V-shaped slits may
be varied from about 1/8 of an inch to about 3/8 of an inch, and
the angle .alpha. may range from about 75.degree. to about
115.degree.. The slits defining flaps 36 are arranged in the same
fashion described earlier for slits 31 in FIG. 2. In FIG. 7, slits
have been cut into sheet 44 of air impervious material to form
rectangular flaps 46 having vertical sides 46a and a horizontal
side 46b. Vertical sides 46a are about 1/8 inch in length and form
angles of 90.degree. with horizontal side 46b which is about 1/4
inch long. The length of sides 46a may be varied from about
somewhat less than 1/8 inch to about 3/8 inch, while that of side
46b may be varied from about 1/8 inch to about 3/8 inch. As
illustrated in FIG. 7, the length of side 46b is preferably longer
than the length of a side 46a. The lengths of sides 46a and side
46b may be varied to produce other rectangular flap configurations.
For example, the lengths of sides 46a may be made equal to the
length of side 46b, thus producing square flaps in sheet 44. Other
modifications of the embodiment of FIG. 7 may also be made. For
example, the length of side 46b of flap 46 may be increased to
provide horizontally elongated flaps; similarly, the length of
sides 46a of flap 46 may be increased to provide vertically
elongated flaps. Preferably, there are 22-24 flaps in the
embodiment shown in FIG. 7, and the flaps are arranged in two rows.
The total number of flaps may be varied from about 10 to about 26,
the exact number depending, of course, on the configuration and
dimensions of the flap. In the embodiment of FIG. 7 it will be seen
that the slits in a given row are spaced singly, that is, an equal
distance apart, rather than in pairs as described for the previous
embodiments.
Referring now to FIG. 8, there is shown another embodiment of the
present invention. Slits are cut into sheet 54 of air impervious
material to define modified rectangular flaps 56 having sides 56a
and horizontal side 56b. Sides 56a are about 1/8 inch long and form
an angle .beta. of 125.degree. with horizontal side 56b, which is
1/4 inch in length. The embodiment of FIG. 8 has a total of about
22-24 such flaps which are arranged in two rows and are singly
spaced. The angle .beta. formed by the intersection of sides 56a
with side 56b may be varied from about 90.degree. to about
135.degree., and is preferably from about 115.degree. to about
135.degree.. Again, the lengths of sides 56a and 56b may be varied
from those given above, as may the total number and arrangement of
the flaps.
It has been found that flaps 36, 46, and 56, along with the above
described modifications thereof, are effective to prevent eyeglass
fogging and, at the same time, to provide increased comfort to the
wearer of the mask.
The sheet of air impervious material may comprise a soft, pliable
film of plastic material such as polyethylene, polypropylene,
poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate), polyvinyl chloride and the like. The
slits may be formed in the air impervious material in any desired
manner; a steel die carrying the desired slit configuration has
been found suitable in our work.
The dimensions of the various slits are not critical and may be
increased or decreased as suggested herein if desired.
Similarly, the configuration of the flaps defined by the slits is
not particularly critical and may also be varied so long as the
flaps serve to direct exhaled breath away from the eyes of the
wearer. It will be evident that the number of slits, the grouping
of the slits, and the number of rows of slits may be varied from
those recited above in the description of the preferred embodiments
without departing from the spirit or scope of the present
invention.
The noun "slit" as used herein, refers generally to an opening made
in the sheet of air impervious material with an edged instrument
such as a razor blade or a thin edged metal die. By selecting a
sufficiently thin edged cutting instrument to make slits in the
sheet of plastic film, the width of the openings may be kept
extremely small so that substantially no void space is produced by
the cutting operation. As the thickness of the cutting edge
increases, of course, the width of the opening also increases and a
proportionately increasing amount of void space is generated. In
the present invention, slits are preferably made in the sheet of
air impervious material so that substantially no void space is
produced therein. It will be recognized, however, that slits can be
made which produce a minor amount of void space in the sheet of air
impervious material so long as those slits define flaps which are
effective to direct exhaled breath downwardly from the eyes of the
mask of the wearer.
* * * * *