U.S. patent number 3,890,944 [Application Number 05/403,170] was granted by the patent office on 1975-06-24 for electronic ignition system with automatic ignition advancement and retardation.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Robert Bosch G.m.b.H.. Invention is credited to Ulrich Drews, Peter Werner.
United States Patent |
3,890,944 |
Werner , et al. |
June 24, 1975 |
Electronic ignition system with automatic ignition advancement and
retardation
Abstract
An igniting arrangement has a control input and is operative for
igniting a combustion mixture in an engine cylinder upon receipt of
an ignition signal at such control input. A transducer determines
the value of at least one engine operating variable. A timing
circuit includes an energy-storing timing capacitor, a charging
circuit for charging the capacitor during the time the engine
crankshaft moves through a predetermined angle, and a discharging
circuit operative subsequent to the completion of the capacitor
charging for discharging the capacitor, with the charging and/or
discharging circuits being connected to the transducer and being
operative for effecting charging and/or discharging of the
capacitor with a charging and/or discharging current having a
magnitude dependent upon the value of the monitored engine
operating variable, or variables. An ignition signal generating
unit is connected to the energy-storing timing capacitor and is
connected to the control input of the igniting means and is
operative for applying to the control input of the igniting means
an ignition signal upon completion of the capacitor discharging, or
equivalently when the capacitor discharging is substantially
completed or has proceeded to a predetermined extent.
Inventors: |
Werner; Peter (Stuttgart,
DT), Drews; Ulrich (Schwieberdingen, DT) |
Assignee: |
Robert Bosch G.m.b.H.
(Stuttgart, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
5858493 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/403,170 |
Filed: |
October 3, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S.
Class: |
123/406.66 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02P
5/1551 (20130101); Y02T 10/40 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F02P
5/155 (20060101); F02P 5/145 (20060101); F02p
005/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;123/117R,117A,148E,146.5A,32EA,32AE |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Myhre; Charles J.
Assistant Examiner: Devisky; Paul
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Striker; Michael S.
Claims
What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters
Patent is set forth in the appended:
1. In the ignition system of an internal combustion engine, in
combination, igniting means having a control input and operative
for igniting a combustion mixture in an engine cylinder of the
engine upon receipt of an ignition signal at said control input;
transducer means for determining the value of at least one engine
operating variable; a timing circuit comprised of energy-storing
timing means, first means operative for effecting a first change of
stored energy of said energy-storing timing means during the time
the engine crankshaft moves through a predetermined angle, and
second means operative subsequent to the completion of said first
change of stored energy for effecting an opposite second change of
stored energy of said timing means, at least a predetermined one of
said first and second means comprising means connected to said
transducer means and operative for effecting the respective change
of stored energy of said energy-storing timing means at a rate of
energy change dependent upon the value of said engine operating
variable; and ignition signal generating means connected to said
energy-storing timing means and connected to the control input of
said igniting means and operative for applying to said control
input of said igniting means an ignition signal upon completion of
said second change of stored energy, wherein said first and second
means together comprise synchronizing means for generating a
crankshaft-position-synchronizing signal when the engine crankshaft
assumes a predetermined angular orientation, bistable
frequency-dividing means having an input connected to said
synchronizing means for receipt of
crankshaft-position-synchronizing signals therefrom, and having two
stable states, and wherein said first means comprises means
operative for effecting said first change of stored energy when
said bistable means is in a predetermined one of the two stable
states thereof, and wherein said second means comprises means
operative for effecting said second change of stored energy when
said bistable means is in the other of the two stable states
thereof.
2. The system defined in claim 1, wherein said adjusting means
comprises means operative for varying the magnitude of the current
flowing through said capacitor means from said adjustable constant
current source means in dependence upon the value of the engine
speed.
3. The system defined in claim 1, wherein said adjusting means
comprises means operative for varying the magnitude of the current
flowing through said capacitor means from said adjustable constant
current source means in dependence upon the value of the pressure
prevailing in the air-intake passage of the engine.
4. The system defined in claim 1, wherein said adjusting means
comprises means operative for varying the magnitude of the current
flowing through said capacitor means from said adjustable constant
current source means in dependence upon the value of the engine
speed and the value of the pressure prevailing in the air-intake
passage of the engine.
5. In the ignition system of an internal combustion engine, in
combination, igniting means having a control input and operative
for igniting a combustion mixture in an engine cylinder of the
engine upon receipt of an ignition signal at said control input;
transducer means for determining the value of at least one engine
operating variable; a timing circuit comprised of energy-storing
timing means, first means operative for effecting a first change of
stored energy of said energy-storing timing means during the time
the engine crankshaft moves through a predetermined angle, and
second means operative subsequent to the completion of said first
change of stored energy for effecting an opposite second change of
stored energy of said timing means, at least a predetermined one of
said first and second means comprising means connected to said
transducer means and operative for effecting the respective change
of stored energy of said energy-storing timing means at a rate of
energy change dependent upon the value of said engine operating
variable; and ignition signal generating means connected to said
energy-storing timing means and connected to the control input of
said igniting means and operative for applying to said control
input of said igniting means an ignition signal upon completion of
said second change of stored energy, wherein said energy-storing
timing means comprises energy-storing timing capacitor means, and
wherein said first means comprises first constant current source
means connected to said capacitor means and operative for effecting
said first change of stored energy by establishing a flow of a
first current through said capacitor means in a predetermined first
direction, and wherein said second means comprises second constant
current source means connected to said capacitor means and
operative for effecting said second change of stored energy by
establishing a flow of a second current through said capacitor
means in opposite second direction, with the constant current
source means of at least one predetermined one of said first and
second means being an adjustable constant source means and further
including adjusting means connected to said adjustable constant
current source means and connected to said transducer means and
operative for varying the magnitude of the current flowing through
said capacitor means from said adjustable constant current source
means in dependence upon the value of said engine operating
variable, wherein said first and second means together comprise
synchronizing means for generating a
crankshaft-position-synchronizing signal when the engine crankshaft
assumes a predetermined angular orientation, bistable
frequency-dividing means having an input connected to said
synchronizing means for receipt of
crankshaft-position-synchronizing signals therefrom, and having two
stable states, and wherein said first constant current source means
comprises means operative for establishing said flow of said first
current when said bistable means is in a predetermined one of the
two stable states thereof, and wherein said second constant current
source means comprises means operative for establishing said flow
of said second current when said bistable means in the other of the
two stable states thereof.
6. The system defined in claim 5, wherein said synchronizing means
comprises signal-generating means for generating a pulse when the
engine crankshaft assumes a predetermined angular orientation and
pulse-shaping means having an input connected to the output of said
signal-generating means and having an output connected to said
input of said bistable frequency-dividing means and operative for
shaping the pulse generated by said signal-generating means to form
a shaped pulse constituting said crankshaft-position-synchronizing
signal.
7. The system defined in claim 6, wherein said signal-generating
means comprises means for generating a pulse when the engine
crankshaft assumes any of four predetermined rotational positions
equiangularly spaced from each other.
8. In the ignition system of an internal combustion engine, in
combination, igniting means having a control input and operative
for igniting a combustion mixture in an engine cylinder of the
engine upon receipt of an ignition signal at said control input;
transducer means for determining the value of at least one engine
operating variable; a timing circuit comprised of energy-storing
timing means, first means operative for effecting a first change of
stored energy of said energy-storing timing means during the time
the engine crankshaft moves through a predetermined constant angle,
and second means operative subsequent to the completion of said
first change of stored energy for effecting an opposite second
change of stored energy of said timing means, at least a
predetermined one of said first and second means comprising means
connected to said transducer means and operative for effecting the
respective change of stored energy of said energy-storing timing
means at a rate of energy change dependent upon the value of said
engine operating variable; and ignition signal generating means
connected to said energy-storing timing means and connected to the
control input of said igniting means and operative for applying to
said control input of said igniting means an ignition signal upon
completion of said second change of stored energy, wherein said
energy-storing timing means comprises energy-storing timing
capacitor means, and wherein said first means comprises first
constant current source means connected to said capacitor means and
operative for effecting said first change of stored energy by
establishing a flow of a first current through said capacitor means
in a predetermined first direction, and wherein said second means
comprises second constant current source means connected to said
capacitor means and operative for effecting said second change of
stored energy by establishing a flow of a second current through
said capacitor means in opposite second direction, with the
constant current source means of at least said predetermined one of
said first and second means being an adjustable constant current
source means and further including adjusting means connected to
said adjustable constant current source means and connected to said
transducer means and operative for varying the magnitude of the
current flowing through said capacitor means from said adjustable
constant current source means in dependence upon the value of said
engine operating variable, wherein said igniting means comprises
inductive means and additional means having a control input for
receipt of a control pulse and operative for maintaining a flow of
current through said inductive means so long as a control pulse is
applied to said control input, whereby upon termination of such
control pulse the current flow through the inductive means is
interrupted and an ignition voltage is generated, and wherein said
first and second means together comprise synchronizing means for
initiating generation of a synchronizing pulse when the crankshaft
assumes a first predetermined rotational orientation and for
terminating generation of such synchronizing pulse when the
crankshaft assumes a second predetermined rotational orientation,
and wherein said first means includes means for causing said first
change of stored energy to last for the duration of said
synchronizing pulse, and further including means for generating a
further pulse having a duration coincident with the duration of
said second change of stored energy, and means for applying both
said synchronizing pulse and said further pulse to said control
input of said additional means so that said pulses together form a
longer composite pulse serving to maintain said flow of current
through said inductive means for the combined duration of said
synchronizing pulse and said further pulse.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to electronic ignition systems and especially
to such systems as are provided with inductor current interruptors
in the form of electronic switches to generate high-voltage
ignition voltages, either across the inductor itself or else across
the secondary of a transformer with the current flow through the
primary winding being interrupted. More particularly the invention
relates to electronic ignition systems of the type where an
energy-storing element, such as a capacitor, is discharged when the
engine crankshaft reaches a predetermined angular orientation, with
the discharging occurring at a rate dependent upon at least one
engine operating variable, and with the generation of an ignition
signal occurring at the end of such capacitor discharging, or the
like.
Ignition systems of this type are already known. In one known
system a transistor is connected in the current path of the primary
winding of an ignition transformer. Current is normally permitted
to flow through such primary winding. At the ignition moment, an
ignition signal is applied to the transistor to interrupt the
current flow in the primary winding, to generate a high-voltage
ignition voltage spike across the secondary. The flow of current
through the primary winding is controlled by a monostable
multivibrator circuit. The monstable multivibrator is triggered at
an instant of time corresponding to the maximum amount of ignition
advance, relative to top-dead-center, which the system is capable
of providing, and the duration of the unstable state of the
monostable multivibrator is controlled in dependence upon the speed
and power output of the internal combustion engine, with the
reversion of the monostable multivibrator to its stable state,
after the thusly varied time delay, resulting in generation of an
ignition signal and accordingly actual fuel ignition.
With this known arrangement, wherein the duration of the unstable
state of the monostable multivibrator is selected in such a manner
as to establish the desired ignition advancement, a difficulty
exists with respect to the complicated relationship between the
absolute duration of such unstable state and the time required for
the engine crankshaft to turn through an angle corresponding to the
desired ignition advancement, expressed in degrees of crankshaft
rotation. If the duration of the unstable state of the
multivibrator is maintained constant, then as the engine speed
increases, the magnitude of the ignition advancement, expressed in
degrees of crankshaft rotation decreases. A very complicated
relationship between the duration of the multivibrator unstable
state and the actual amount of ignition advancement must be taken
into account when designing the means for controlling the duration
of the unstable state of the monostable multivibrator.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the general object of the present invention to provide an
electronic ignition system for internal combustion engines provided
with electronic means for effecting ignition advancement and
retardation which is not characterized by the shortcomings of the
prior art arrangements.
It is a more specific object of the invention to provide an
electronic circuit capable of effecting ignition advancement and
retardation of such design that a signal of a given magnitude, or
other characteristic, applied to a control input of such circuit
will effect an amount of ignition advancement, expressed in degrees
of crankshaft rotation, which is independent of variations in
engine speed. This would establish a one-to-one correspondence
between the magnitude of the ignition-advancement control signal
and the amount of ignition advancement, expressed in crankshaft
rotational degrees relative to top-dead-center, actually
achieved.
These objects, and others which will become more understandable
from the following description can be met, according to one
advantageous concept of the invention by providing, in the ignition
system of an internal combustion engine, in combination, igniting
means having a control input and operative for igniting a
combustion mixture in an engine cylinder upon receipt of an
ignition signal at such control input. Transducer means is
operative for determining the value of at least one engine
operating variable, preferably engine speed and/or the pressure
prevailing in the engine air-intake passage. A timing circuit is
comprised of energy-storing timing means, first means operative for
effecting a first change of stored energy of the energy-storing
timing means during the time the engine crankshaft moves through a
predetermined angle, and second means operative subsequent to the
completion of the first change of stored energy for effecting an
opposite second change of stored energy of the timing means, with
at least one of the first and second means comprising compensating
means connected to the transducer means and operative for effecting
the respective change of stored energy of the energy-storing timing
means at a rate of energy change dependent upon the value of the
one or more engine operating variables taken into account. Ignition
signal generating means is connected to the energy-storing timing
means and is connected to the control input of the igniting means
and is operative for applying to such control input an ignition
signal upon completion of the second change of stored energy.
The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the
invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The
invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its
method of operation, together with additional objects and
advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following
description of specific embodiments when read in connection with
the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 depicts in block diagram form an ignition system employing
an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 depicts in graphical form certain aspects of the operation
of the circuit shown in FIG. 3; and
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the exemplary embodiment of the
invention and corresponding to a portion of the complete
schematically depicted ignition system of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The ignition arrangement of FIG. 1 is comprised of a signal
generator 11 including four non-illustrated permanent magnets
mounted on a disk which is in turn mounted on the engine
crankshaft, the magnets being spaced apart from each other by
90.degree., and cooperating with a stationary inductive pick-up
coil 12 (FIG. 3) to successively induce voltage pulses in the
latter corresponding to the passage by the inductive pick-up coil
12 of the successive permanent magnets. As will be appreciated by
those skilled in the art, signal generator 11 can be employed both
for use in the determination of the crankshaft position and in the
determination of the crankshaft speed. For example, the four
permanent magnets just mentioned can be so configurated and/or
arranged as to generate pulses having steep leading edges
corresponding quite exactly to predetermined crankshaft angles,
with the pulses having magnitudes, or having trailing portions
having magnitudes indicative of engine rotational speed. Of course,
as a further possibility, a separate signal generator could be
provided, electromagnetic, mechanical, photoelectric, or of any
other suitable type, to generate signals indicative of
predetermined crankshaft positions, with a second different signal
generator, such as a simple tachometer, being provided to generate
a crankshaft speed signal.
In any event, in the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the signal
generator 11 is operative for generating four successive triggering
pulses per crankshaft rotation. These triggering pulses are applied
to a pulse-shaping stage 15, from the output of which they emerge
in a very uniform condition.
In FIG. 1, signal generator 11 also serves to apply a speed signal
n to a schematically depicted circuit 81. Circuit 81 also receives
a further input signal p from a further transducer which is
operative for generating an electrical signal indicative of the air
pressure prevailing in the air-intake passage of the engine.
The circuit stage 81 is operative for generating an output voltage
U which is a function of the input signals n and p, the voltage U
having in this embodiment a magnitude which is indicative of the
amount of ignition advancement to be introduced into the operation
of the ignition system for the particular values of n and p
detected.
A pulse-generating stage 50 receives the control voltage U and
applies, via an OR-gate 70, an ignition timing pulse to an ignition
distributor 80, which in turn causes generation of an ignition
spark in one of the four engine cylinders, in the proper sequence.
Also applied to the input of ignition distributor 80, via OR-gate
70, are the input pulses 45 from the output of the pulse shaping
stage 15. It is to be noted that these input pulses 45 are also
applied to the pulse-generating stage 50, serving to control the
operation of the latter in a manner which will be described with
respect to FIG. 3. The input pulses 45, being applied to ignition
distributor 80 directly, serve to effect ignition in each cylinder
at top-dead-center, or some other predetermined and fixed moment
during the combustion cycle, in the event that the ignition
advancement signal applied by circuit stage 50 should fail to be
generated.
FIG. 3 depicts a circuit diagram of pertinent portions of the
system schematically depicted in FIG. 1. Winding 12 is the
inductive pick-up winding mentioned before in which are induced
voltage pulses corresponding to the movement past the winding 12 of
the four permanent magnets in stage 11, mentioned before.
The thusly induced triggering pulses, four per crankshaft rotation,
are applied, via diode 16, to the input of a pulse-shaping circuit
15, which in this embodiment has the form of a monostable
multivibrator. The monostable multivibrator 15 has an input
transistor 17, an output transistor 18, a timing circuit comprised
of an energy-storing timing capacitor 19 and a discharge resistor
20, as well as a charging transistor 21 for the timing capacitor.
The input transistor 17 is non-conductive in the stable state of
the monostable multivibrator 15, and is rendered conductive when
the monostable multivibrator 15 receives a triggering pulse 13
(FIG. 3) constituted by the positive half-cycle of the voltage
induced across the inductive pick-up winding 12. The output
transistor 18 of the monostable multivibrator 15 is conductive when
the monostable multivibrator is in its stable state. When the
triggering pulse 13 is applied via diode 16 to the base of input
transistor 17, transistor 17 becomes conductive, and renders output
multivibrator transistor 18 non-conductive. This occurs in the
conventional manner, due to the accumulated charge on timing
capacitor 19 and the consequent voltage drop thereacross, which is
of such polarity and magnitude as to maintain the base of
transistor 18 at a negative potential or at a potential too low to
permit transistor 18 to conduct, until such time as capacitor 19
has substantially completely discharged. The duration of this
unstable state of the monostable multivibrator 15 will be on the
order of about 1 millisecond. It is to be noted that once the
monostable multivibrator 15 enters its unstable state, input
transistor 17 is maintained conductive, even after the
disappearance of the positive triggering pulse 13, by means of a
feedback resistor 23 connecting the collector of output transistor
18 to the base of input transistor 17, so as to maintain the base
of transistor 17 at a relatively high potential so long as the
output transistor 18 remains non-conductive. As soon as the
capacitor 19 has become substantially completely discharged, or has
discharged to a predetermined extent, the negative or low voltage
applied to the base of output transistor 18 is lifted, and
transistor 18 becomes conductive. As a result, the collector
voltage of transistor 18 drops to a very low value, this drop being
communicated to the base of transistor 17 by way of feedback
resistor 26, and transistor 17 is rendered non-conductive. The
monostable multivibrator 15 has thus returned to its stable
state.
Connected across the output of monostable multivibrator 15, the
output being the collector-emitter path of output transistor 18, is
a voltage divider comprised of resistors 25 aand 26. The tap of
this voltage divider is connected directly to the base of an
amplifying transistor 27. Amplifier transistor 27 serves to control
the operation of a frequency-divider stage, which in this
embodiment has the form of a bistable multivibrator comprised of a
first bistable multivibrator transistor 31 and a second bistable
multivibrator transistor 32.
The two transistors 31 and 32 are both of the npn-conductivity type
and have their emitters connected to a common negative voltage
supply line 33, negative voltage supply line 33 being connected to
the negative terminal of a non-illustrated battery. The collectors
of transistors 31 and 32 are each connected to the positive voltage
supply line 36 via a respective one of the two collector resistors
34 and 35. The bases and collectors of transistors 31, 32 are
cross-coupled, in conventional bistable multivibrator fashion, by
means of cross-coupling resistors 37 and 38, each cross-coupling
resistor connecting the collector of one of the two bistable
multivibrator transistors to the base of the other. Also,
base-emitter resistors 39 and 40 respectively shunt the
base-emitter junctions of bistable multivibrator transistors 31 and
32.
Connected to the bases of the transistors 31,32 are the anodes of
respective diodes 41,42, the cathodes of these diodes being
connected to the collector of amplifying transistor 27, via
respective differentiating capacitors 43 and 44.
The two transistors 31 and 32, in conventional bistable
multivibrator fashion, are alternately conductive, that is, when
transistor 31 is conductive transistor 32 is non-conductive, and
vice versa. Upon each generation of a positive voltage half-cycle
triggering pulse 13, amplifying transistor 27 will be rendered
conductive. As a result, whichever one of transistors 31, 32 had
hitherto been conductive becomes non-conductive, and the other one
of the transistors 31,32 accordingly becomes conductive. In this
way, a first triggering pulse 13 renders one of the transistors
31,32 conductive, while the second triggering pulse 13 renders the
other of transistors 31,32 conductive, and the third triggering
pulse 13 renders the first of transistors 31,32 conductive again,
and so forth. As a result, there appears on the collector of
transistor 32 a pulse train, shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, and designated
by numeral 45.
On the collector of the first bistable multivibrator transistor 31,
there appears a pulse train similar to pulse train 45, but of
course inverted with respect to pulse train 45. This second pulse
train, appearing on the collector of bistable multivibrator
transistor 31, is applied via a resistor to the base of a
transistor switch element 46. The output waveform of transistor 46,
i.e., the voltage waveform appearing on its collector, is inverted
with respect to its input waveform, and accordingly, the voltage
waveform appearing on the collector of transistor 46 is
substantially identical to the pulse train 45. This additional
pulse train is shown in FIG. 3 and designated with reference
numeral 47.
The first pulse train 5 is used to control the operation of an
electronic pulse-generating circuit 50. The pulse-generating
circuit 50, in this embodiment, is comprised of an energy-storing
timing capacitor C, which is alternately charged and discharged,
the timing capacitor C being charged during those time intervals
during which the pulse train 45 is at its upper level, i.e., during
those time intervals during which second bistable multivibrator
transistor 32 is non-conductive. The charging current flowing into
capacitor C during this charging interval is indicated in FIG. 3
and designated Ja. It will be appreciated that, owing to the manner
in which the pulse train 45 is generated, the time periods during
which timing capacitor C is charged by charging current Ja will
each correspond to the time required for the engine crankshaft to
turn through 90.degree., from a predetermined first position to a
predetermined second position.
As soon as the charging of timing capacitor C by charging current
Ja terminates, discharging of capacitor C by a discharging current
Je commences. The magnitude of the discharge current Je is
controlled and, in this embodiment, is dependent upon the engine
speed signal n and upon the signal p indicative of the pressure
prevailing in the engine air-intake passage. In this particular
embodiment, the magnitude of the charging current Ja is fixed, as
will be clear from the following description, whereas the magnitude
of the discharging current Je is made a function of the speed
signal n and the pressure signal p. According to the invention, it
would alternatively be possible to make the magnitude of the
charging current Ja dependent upon these variables, with the
magnitude of the discharging current being maintained constant. As
further possibilities, the magnitude of the charging and
discharging currents could both be controlled, either as functions
of different engine operating variables or as functions of the same
engine operating variables.
In any case, pulse-generating circuit 50 is comprised of a charging
current source for the timing capacitor C thereof, in the form of a
pnp transistor 51 having an emitter connected via an emitter
resistor 52 to the positive voltage line 36. The collector of
charging transistor 51 is connected with the left-hand electrode of
timing capacitor C, and the base of charging transistor 51 is
connected to the junction of two resistors 53,54, these resistors
serving jointly as the collector resistor of an npn control
transistor 55. The emitter of control transistor 55 is connected
directly to the negative voltage line 33, and the base of
transistor 55 is connected via a coupling resistor 56 to the
collector of second bistable multivibrator transistor 32. During
alternate quarter-rotations of the engine crankshaft, second
bistable multivibrator transistor 32 will be non-conductive, for
the reasons explained above. As a result, its collector voltage
will be high, and a high voltage will be applied to the base of
control transistor 55, which will accordingly be conductive during
such time periods. The flow of collector current of transistor 55
creates a voltage drop across resistor 53, and consequently across
the base-emitter junction of charging transistor 51, which likewise
becomes conductive during these time periods. Accordingly, charging
current Ja flows into the left electrode of timing capacitor C, and
out of the right electrode thereof and the voltage drop across the
latter increases linearly. The magnitude of the charging current Ja
will be approximately equal to the voltage drop across resistor 53,
divided by the resistance in ohms of emitter resistor 52, it being
assumed that the base-emitter voltage drop of transistor 51 is
negligible compared to the voltage drop across resistor 53.
Accordingly, the charging current Ja will remain constant during
the charging of capacitor C, irrespective of the build-up of the
voltage drop across capacitor C.
The discharge current source, which establishes the flow of the
discharge current Je of timing capacitor C, is in this embodiment
comprised of an npn transistor 58 whose emitter is connected to the
positive voltage line 36 via an emitter resistor. The collector of
discharging transistor 58 is connected to the right-hand electrode
of timing capacitor C, and is furthermore connected to the anode of
diode 59. The cathode of diode 59 is directly connected to the base
of an output transistor 60. Connected between the collector of
output transistor 60 and the base of input transistor 61 of
pulse-generating stage 50, is a feedback resistor 61. The two
transistors 62 and 60, in conjunction with the other illustrated
components of pulse-generating stage 50, form a monostable
circuit.
The output transistor 60 is conductive when the monostable circuit
50 is in the stable state thereof, and also during the time of
charging of the timing capacitor C. So long as transistor 60
remains conductive, its collector voltage is low. This low voltage
is communicated via feedback resistor 61 to the base of input
transistor 62, keeping the latter non-conductive. When transistor
60 is conductive transistor 62 is non-conductive, and vice versa.
The charging of timing capacitor C terminates when the magnitude of
waveform 45 reverts to its low level. This abrupt voltage change is
differentiated by differentiating capacitor 64, which in turn
applies a negative voltage spike to the base of transistor 60, via
diode 59. As a result, transistor 60 is immediately rendered
non-conductive. The collector voltage of transistor 60 rises, and
this voltage rise is communicated via feedback resistor 61 to the
base of transistor 62, which accordingly becomes conductive. Diode
59 becomes non-conductive, and the voltage drop across capacitor C
is now such as to maintain transistor 60 non-conductive, until
capacitor C has discharged substantially completely. This is
because the left terminal of capacitor C is markedly more positive
than the right terminal thereof, while the capacitor C remains
charged. With transistor 62 now conductive, the voltage at the left
capacitor terminal is dragged down, likewise dragging down the
voltage at the right-hand capacitor terminal. The voltage at the
right-hand capacitor terminal will reach a negative value, and
maintain transistor 60 non-conductive, as a result.
Capacitor C is discharged linearly, by reason of the flow of
discharge current Je and, when capacitor C has discharged
sufficiently, transistor 60 reverts to its normal conductive state.
During the time that transistor 60 is non-conductive, the voltage
on its collector will be at a high level. When transistor 60
reverts to its conductive state, its collector voltage will fall.
As a result, a pulse train is generated on the collector of
transistor 60, one pulse of this pulse train being shown in FIG. 3
and designated with numeral 66. The duration of the pulse 66
depends upon the prevailing magnitude of the discharge current Je
and accordingly on the control voltage U. As mentioned before, the
control voltage U is in turn a function of the two variable signals
n and p.
FIG. 2 depicts in graphical form certain aspects of the
just-described sequence of operations.
The uppermost pulse train in FIG. 2 represents the
crankshaft-synchronized pulse train 45. It will be noted that the
pulses are of equal duration and the time intervals between
successive pulses are likewise of equal duration. This will be true
so long as the engine speed remains constant, and when only a few
successive pulses are considered, as in FIG. 2, the engine speed
can be considered constant. The duration of each pulse in pulse
train 45 corresponds to the time required for the engine crankshaft
to turn through 90.degree., from a first predetermined position to
a second predetermined position. The pulse train 45 in FIG. 2 is
marked with dash-dot vertical lines, one of which is designated O.
This indicates the moment at which an engine piston is in the
top-dead-center position. It will be noted that the trailing edge
of each of the pulses in the pulse train 45 occurs in advance of
the time an engine piston reaches top-dead-center, the amount of
advance being designated a, in the Figure. Likewise, the leading
edge of each pulse in the pulse train 45 occurs some time after an
engine piston reaches top-dead-center position, in the illustrated
embodiment.
The second pulse train shown in FIG. 2, comprised of triangular
pulses, represents the voltage drop across timing capacitor C. For
the duration of each of the pulses in train 45, the capacitor C is
charged with constant-magnitude charging current Ja, and the
voltage across capacitor C therefore rises linearly, in the manner
depicted. Upon termination of the pulse in the pulse train 45,
discharging of capacitor C commences, and the discharging occurs
with a substantially constant discharge current Je, and lasts for a
time period a.sub.1. Actually, the magnitude of the discharge
current Je may vary slightly during one discharge period in
response to corresponding variations in the values of control
signals n and p. However, the variations during a single discharge
period are usually small enough that the discharge current Je can
be said to be approximately constant during such discharge
period.
In the second pulse train of FIG. 2, corresponding to the voltage
drop across timing capacitor C in pulsegenerating circuit 50, the
descending solid line is but exemplary. The two broken descending
lines adjoining the solid line but of greater and lesser slope,
respectively, correspond to other possible discharge time periods,
which would be associated with other values of the control voltage
U, and thereby with other values of the signals n and p.
The third pulse train shown in FIG. 2, and composed of pulses 66,
will be seen to correspond to the discharge period of the capacitor
C. That is, each pulse 66 has a duration equal to and is
contemporaneous with the time required for the discharging of
timing capacitor C to be substantially completed.
Considering FIG. 2, it will be noted that during the discharge of
capacitor C, and accordingly during the existence of the associated
output pulse 66, the crankshaft turns through an angle
corresponding to the time period a.sub.1, this angle being
independent of engine speed so long as the control voltage U
remains at a constant value. The lowermost pulse train in FIG. 2,
comprised of pulses depicted as lightning bolts, shows the moments
of generation of ignition sparks. It will be seen that ignition
sparks are generated upon termination of the pulses 66. It will be
noted that the crankshaft angle by which the ignition has been
advanced relative to the top-dead-center position of an engine
piston corresponds to the time interval a.sub.2. This angle of
advancement will likewise be independent of engine speed, so long
as the control voltage U is constant.
The trailing edges of the pulses 66 can be used to trigger the
generation of ignition sparks, the timing of such ignition sparks
being indicated in the lowermost pulse train depicted in FIG. 2.
The manner in which such control can be effected is as follows:
The output pulse 66 at the collector of transistor 60 is applied
via an OR-gate 70 (FIG. 1), comprised of diodes 71,72 (FIG. 3) to
the input of a schematically depicted ignition and cylinder
selection stage 80. Also applied to the input of stage 80, via
OR-gate 70 are the pulses in pulse train 45, corresponding to the
uppermost pulse train shown in FIG. 2. The ignition and cylinder
selection stage 80 is comprised of a conventional ignition
transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding.
Connected in the current path of the primary winding is an
electronic switch, such as a transistor or thyristor switch having
a control input constituting the illustrated input of stage 80.
When the pulse in pulse train 45 is generated, it is applied via
OR-gate 70 (see FIG. 1) to the control input of such electronic
switch rendering the same conductive, so that current can flow
through the primary winding of the ignition transformer. When the
pulse in pulse train 45 ends, the pulse 66 commences immediately,
and is likewise applied to the control input of the just-mentioned
electronic switch, so that current continues to flow in the primary
winding of the ignition transformer. However, upon termination of
the pulse 66, and as can be seen in FIG. 2, there is no longer any
positive pulse applied to the input of stage 80 (i.e., to the
control input of the electronic switch). As a result, the flow of
current in the primary winding of the ignition transformer is
interrupted resulting in the generation of a high-magnitude voltage
spike across the secondary of the ignition transformer. The
successive high-magnitude voltage spikes thusly generated across
the secondary of the ignition transformer are applied to successive
ones of the spark plugs of the four engine cylinders, in the order
1,4,3,2. The ignition distribution function can be performed in any
suitable manner. As one possibility, a mechanical distributor
coupled with the engine crankshaft can be used. Such mechanical
distributor, which is of conventional design, would connect the
secondary winding of the ignition transformer across successive
ones of the spark plugs, by means of rotating electrical contacts,
or the like.
In the specific circuit embodiment of FIG. 3, it will be noted that
not the pulses 45, but rather the pulses 47, are applied to the
control input of circuit stage 80. This can be seen in FIG. 3 from
the fact that the collector of transistor 46 is connected to the
anode of OR-gate diode 72. However, as explained previously, the
pulse train 47 is substantially identical to the pulse train
45.
It will be seen from a consideration of FIG. 2, that the time
period during which current flows through the primary winding of
the ignition transformer is equal to the time period required for
the crankshaft to turn through an angle of 90.degree., at the
prevailing crankshaft speed, plus the time period a.sub.1. This
ensures sufficient time for a build-up of current flow in the
ignition transformer primary winding.
The actual determination of the amount of ignition advancement to
be effected under each different combination of values of n and p
is a very well developed area in this particular art, and the
details of the manner of such determination will not be explained
herein, except to note that the desired relationship between the
signals n and p, and any others taken into account additionally or
alternatively, on the one hand, and the amount of ignition
advancement, on the other hand, will vary from one engine
construction or engine type to the next, and in many cases may best
be determined experimentally. When a given functional relationship
between the variables n and p has been decided upon, it is a
routine matter of design skill to synthesize a two-input one-output
network 81 which, for any two particular values of n and p, will
produce an output voltage U of such a magnitude as to produce the
necessary amount of ignition advancement.
An important advantage of the inventive arrangement is that the
ignition advancement angle, being the angle through which the
crankshaft turns during time period a.sub.1, will remain constant
as long as the control voltage U remains constant, and accordingly
the circuit stage 81 has but a simple task to generate a voltage
whose magnitude will determine the amount of ignition advancement
to be established, in dependence upon the variables n and p, and
according to the functional relationship to be realized.
It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or
two or more together, may also find a useful application in other
types of circuits and constructions differing from the types
described above.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied
in an electronic ignition system with electronic ignition advancing
and retarding circuitry, it is not intended to be limited to the
details shown, since various modifications and structural changes
may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the
present invention.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the
gist of the present invention that others can by applying current
knowledge readily adapt it for various applications without
omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art fairly
constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific
aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should
and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of
equivalence of the following claims.
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