U.S. patent number 3,888,410 [Application Number 05/420,424] was granted by the patent office on 1975-06-10 for fluid control apparatus and method.
This patent grant is currently assigned to United States Government National Aeronautics and Space Adm., Office of. Invention is credited to Charles W. McKee.
United States Patent |
3,888,410 |
McKee |
June 10, 1975 |
Fluid control apparatus and method
Abstract
A circular container is caused to orbit about a circular path
while being held in substantially fixed orientation in the orbital
plane thus causing liquids and gases therein to separate, even when
in a zero gravity environment, with the liquid flowing tidally
around a circular wall of the container. Flexible conduits provide
for flow of liquids or gases to and from the interior of the
container without the necessity of providing rotating seals between
the conduits and the container.
Inventors: |
McKee; Charles W. (Seaford,
VA) |
Assignee: |
United States Government National
Aeronautics and Space Adm., Office of (Washington, DC)
|
Family
ID: |
23666418 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/420,424 |
Filed: |
November 30, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
494/2; 494/47;
494/900 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01D
19/0057 (20130101); B04B 5/00 (20130101); B01D
45/14 (20130101); Y10S 494/90 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B04B
5/00 (20060101); B01D 45/12 (20060101); B01D
45/14 (20060101); B01D 19/00 (20060101); B04b
001/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;233/1R,DIG.1,3,4,5,6,21,25,27,28,2R,46,47R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Krizmanich; George H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Osborn; Howard Manning; John R.
Government Interests
ORIGIN OF DISCLOSURE
The invention described herein was made by an employee of the
United States Government and may be manufactured and used by or for
the Government for governmental purposes without the payment of
royalties thereon or therefor.
Claims
I claim:
1. Apparatus for controlling fluids comprising:
base means;
a circular container having an outer peripheral wall;
drive means movable in an orbital path in a plane substantially
parallel to the plane formed by the diameters of said circular wall
including a rotating shaft, crank arm and crank pin;
means drivingly connecting said drive means to said container
comprising a support plate fixedly attached to said container and
journaled to said crank pin;
orienting means preventing rotation of said container due to the
influence of said drive means, thereby causing said container to
gyrate about said orbital path while remaining in substantially
fixed orientation relative to said base means, comprising a
stationary pin fixedly attached to said base means and an elongated
slot in said support plate, generally radial to said crank pin,
slidably engaging said stationary pin whereby any liquid in said
circular container is forced against and moves tidally around the
radial extremities of the inside of the outer peripheral wall of
said container as a result of centrifugal force generated by the
orbital motion of said container.
2. An apparatus as in claim 1 further including a plurality of
fluid inlet and outlet ports and a plurality of flexible conduits
fixedly communicating with said ports and extending outwardly
therefrom for purposes of introducing a gas and liquid mixture into
said container, removing gas and liquid separately therefrom, and
subjecting said gas and liquid mixture to centrifugal forces
without the use of rotary seals.
3. An apparatus as in claim 2 wherein baffle means are enclosed
within said container and interposed between said gas removal port
and those portions of the interior of said container which contain
liquid to prevent liquid droplets from entering said gas outlet
port.
4. An apparatus as in claim 2 wherein said liquid outlet port
includes valve means whereby said liquid outlet port is opened only
when said outlet port is covered by a liquid in said container.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention is in the field of liquid and gas separation.
The handling of fluid materials in zero gravity environments
presents problems in that the liquid and gas components tend to mix
and will not separate by merely standing since such separation
normally relies on the effects of gravity.
It has been proposed heretofore to effect liquid and gas separation
under such conditions by rotating a body of the mixture in an
enclosure whereby centrifugal force causes the heavier liquid to
collect at the outside of the container with the gas phase at the
center thereof. However, the removal of liquids or gases from such
a rotating container or the introduction of liquids or gases into
the container was necessarily performed through conduits having
rotary seals. Such rotary seals often fail or are inefficient and,
in many instances, develop leaks rendering them unreliable. In
other instances, bodies of liquid and gas in a container have been
rotated by means of paddles or agitators rotating within the
container to produce the necessary centrifugal force. Even such
arrangements, however, necessitated rotary seals about the driving
means for the impeller and were subject to the disadvantages noted
above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides for applying centrifugal forces to
liquids and/or gases in a container without the necessity of
extending rotary shafts into the container and without providing
for rotary seals in conduits leading to and from the interior of a
rotary container. In general, the invention comprises a container
having a circular outer wall and mechanism for causing the
container to move in an orbital path in substantially the plane of
the circular outer wall thereof while maintaining the diameters of
the container substantially fixedly oriented in space whereby
conduits leading to and from the container may include flexible
tubing without the necessity of providing rotary seals.
It is, therefore, a principal object of this invention to provide a
method and apparatus for controlling and separating fluids without
the necessity of using seals between relatively movable parts.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of apparatus embodying the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken
substantially along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken substantially on the
line 3--3 of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken substantially along
line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF ONE EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
The drawings only schematically illustrate apparatus capable of
performing the method of the present invention and apparatus
achieving the objects of the invention may take other forms. In the
drawings, numeral 2 indicates a suitable base member for supporting
the operating portions of the apparatus and may be in the form of
the flat plate shown. A suitable drive motor 4 is fixedly mounted
relative to the base plate 2 by means not shown herein and its
output shaft 6 is journalled in a bearing 7 in the base plate 2.
The upper surface of plate 2 is provided with a circular cavity 8
concentric about the shaft 6. A crank arm 10 is secured to the
shaft 6 for rotation within the cavity 8 and is provided adjacent
its outer end with a crank pin 12. The crank pin 12 is journalled
in a bearing 14 mounted in a movable plate 16. Suitable bearing
means 18 may also be provided between plates 2 and 16 to provide
for easy movement of plate 16 over the surface of plate 2. The
plate 16 is provided with an elongated radial extension arm 20
extending outwardly over plate 2 and having an elongated
longitudinal slot 22 therein adjacent its outer end. A headed pin
24 is fixed to the plate 2 and extends upwardly through the slot 22
whereby the slot slidably embraces the shank of pin 24. Thus, when
the motor device 4 operates to rotate shaft 6, crank pin 12 moves
in a circular orbital path and causes the bearing 14 and adjacent
portions of the plate 16 to move in a similar orbital path. The
slot 22 and pin 24 prevent the plate 16 from rotating about the
axis of shaft 6 while permitting the orbital movement previously
described. In other words, the slot 22 and pin 24 maintain the
plate 16 oriented in substantially the same direction at all times
during its orbital movement.
A container generally indicated at 26 is of circular shape when
viewed as in FIG. 1 and is provided with an outer circumferential
wall 28 of circular configuration. Suitable clamp means 30 may be
provided to hold the container 26 in fixed position on its
supporting plate 16, preferably with the central region of the
container overlying the crank pin 12. The container 26 is provided
with a centrally located gas outlet tube 32 extending into the
central region of the interior of container 26 within a region 34
substantially completely encompassed by baffle means defined by
flat plate 36 and conical baffle plate 38. The baffle means are for
the purpose of preventing entry of droplets of liquid into the gas
conduit 32. As shown, an inlet conduit 40 extends to the interior
of the container 26 and through baffle plate 36 to communicate with
a space 42 between the plate 36 and an end wall of the container
26. The end wall and the plate 36 are held in spaced relation by
suitable spacer means 44. A flexible conduit 46, which may be in
the nature of rubber tubing or the like, is connected to the rigid
conduit 40 for a purpose to be described. Also, as shown, the
circular outer wall 28 of the container 26 is provided with a port
controlled by a suitable valve 48, to be described, and leading to
a nipple 50 to which a flexible conduit 52 similar to the conduit
46 is connected.
From the foregoing description it will be apparent that rotation of
shaft 6 will cause the plate 16 and container 26 to move in the
orbital path defined by rotation of the crank pin 12 but that the
plate 16 and container will not continuously rotate but will be
held to be in substantially fixed orientation relative to the plate
2, the axis of shaft 6. It is further to be noted that the
diameters of the container 26, that is, the diameters across the
circular end wall 28, define a plane substantially parallel to the
plane of orbital movement of crank pin 12. Thus, any liquid within
the container 26 will have sufficient centrifugal force applied
thereto to cause it to move outwardly against the circular wall 28,
as indicated at 54, and the orbital motion of the container causes
the body of liquid to move with tidal movement around the inner
periphery of the wall 28 as the container continues to orbit. FIG.
2 shows the tidal formation as it would be in zero gravity. In the
presence of gravity the tide face would assume a configuration of
approximately 45.degree. from the horizontal, depending upon speed,
viscosity and container radius. If the crank pin 12 is rotating in
the direction of arrow A of FIG. 1, the direction of tidal movement
of the liquid 54 within the container is in the direction of arrow
B. As will be obvious, sufficient centrifugal force will be applied
to the liquid 54 to collect the same in a single body and separate
the same from any gas phase present in the container, the gas
occupying the region of the container inwardly of the body of
liquid 54. Thus, the separated gas may be withdrawn through gas
conduit 32 in any suitable manner.
The valve 48 previously referred to is preferably a liquid sensing
valve which opens in the presence of liquid 54 but which is closed
at other times. Such a valve may sense the presence of the liquid
or may be a valve that opens and closes in timed relation to
rotation of the crank pin 12. In any event, it is thus possible to
withdraw only liquid 54 from the container each time the liquid
passes over the port controlled by valve 48. One liquid sensing
embodiment of valve 48 is shown in FIG. 4. Cylindrical opening 58
communicates with the inner volume of chamber 26 during all phases
of operation of the present invention and also communicates with
valve chamber 60 when valve disc 64 is no longer in contact with
valve seating surface 62. Chamber 60 in turn communicates with the
interior of pipe nipple 50. Valve disc 64 slidably engages the
inner surface 68 of valve 48 by means of a plurality of intergral
supports 66 which are spaced equally about its periphery. Disc 64
is normally held against valve seating surface 62 by compression
spring 72. The force exerted by spring 72 is adjusted by means of
shims or substitution of springs such that valve disc 64 remains
seated during all phases of operation of the present invention
except when covered by liquid 54. Valve 48 senses the presence of
the liquid when the added pressure on valve disc 64 resulting from
the operation of centrifugal force upon fluid overcomes the force
exerted by spring 72 then opening the valve and allowing only the
passage of fluid 54 out of container 26. As the tidal movement of
fluid 54 passes valve 48, spring pressure causes valve disc 64 to
reseat. The flexible conduits 46 and 52, previously referred to,
may lead to any desired external location and it will be obvious
that the orbital movement of container 26 without complete rotation
thereof permits continuous connection between the desired external
locations and the interior of the container through flexible
conduits without the necessity of providing any rotary seals and
thus the connections between the various tubing and conduits may be
permanently and fixedly sealed. The conduits 40 and 46 permit the
introduction of liquid or gas and liquid mixture into the container
by conducting the same to the space 42 wherein movement of the
container in the manner described causes the introduced material to
move radially outwardly under the influence of centrifugal forces
until the liquid phase reaches the outer periphery of the
container, as already described.
Obviously, inlet ports or outlet ports for either fluid phase may
be positioned anywhere on the walls of the container other than the
specific locations shown and described herein. It will be obvious
that during introduction of liquid materials through the conduit 40
some splashing in the form of droplets will occur. The baffle means
comprising plates 36 and 38 prevent those droplets from reaching
the entry of the gas withdrawal conduit 32 but the space 56 permits
ready access of separated gas to its withdrawal port.
While the foregoing description refers specifically to the
separation of gas and liquid phases introduced into the container,
obviously the apparatus is useful for other purposes. For example,
liquids or other fluids may remain in contact with the heated wall
28 to thereby control its temperature. Such contact would be
difficult to maintain under zero gravity conditions in a stationary
container. The apparatus may also be employed for pumping the
liquids from one location to another or for mass measurement
thereof. As a further example of utility, the wall 28 could be
maintained at low temperature by suitable refrigerating equipment
and gases introduced into the container could thereby be condensed
and the condensed liquid withdrawn in the manner described. In
cases where the wall 28 is heated, the temperature thereof could be
sufficient to evaporate the liquid in contact therewith, the vapors
being continuously withdrawn through conduit 32 and the apparatus
could thus function as a still even in a zero gravity
environment.
In cases where it is desired that the movement of the body of
liquid 54 within the container be absolutely uniform, it would be
possible to maintain exact and precise constant orientation of the
container by replacing the slot 22 and pin 24 arrangement shown
with a second crank member having a throw equal to the crank 10 and
rotatable in phase therewith. Thus, all movable parts of the
apparatus would nutate in a directly circular path with the
container always precisely oriented in a predetermined
direction.
Reference herein to a circular orbital path or circular nutation is
intended to include equivalent but not truly circular paths.
While a single specific embodiment of the invention has been shown
and described herein, the same is merely illustrative of the
principles involved and other forms may be resorted to within the
scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *