U.S. patent number 3,888,347 [Application Number 05/385,792] was granted by the patent office on 1975-06-10 for inflated containers for fluid pressurized balls.
Invention is credited to Thomas Rollin Kramer.
United States Patent |
3,888,347 |
Kramer |
June 10, 1975 |
Inflated containers for fluid pressurized balls
Abstract
The invention is a reuseable pressuretight container for fluid
pressurized balls having an open end which has a cap to close it,
with a hand operated pump attached to the body of the container,
which serves to pressurize the container up to a fixed maximum
pressure.
Inventors: |
Kramer; Thomas Rollin
(Washington, DC) |
Family
ID: |
23522896 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/385,792 |
Filed: |
August 6, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
206/315.9;
215/307; 220/303; 220/378; 220/304; 220/366.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
39/025 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
39/02 (20060101); A63B 39/00 (20060101); B65d
085/00 (); B65d 051/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;206/315 ;417/555,274
;215/228,329,307,260,261,262 ;92/60,5 ;220/44R,303,304,378,366
;222/401 ;273/61D |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Price; William I.
Assistant Examiner: Shoap; Allan N.
Claims
I claim:
1. A ball storage container comprising a hollow pressuretight first
cylinder provided with a removeable cap, pump means connected to
said first cylinder to inflate said first cylinder to a fixed
maximum pressure, said pump means comprising a hollow second
cylinder having end walls, a false bottom located in said second
cylinder a spaced distance from one of said end walls to define a
small chamber adjacent one of said end walls and a larger piston
chamber adjacent the other of said end walls, a piston located in
said piston chamber, a pump handle located outside said second
cylinder and connected to the piston by a piston rod extending
through the other of said end walls, said piston chamber
communicating pressurized air to said first cylinder through said
small chamber, a one way check valve located in said small chamber
with means to admit the pressurized air from said piston chamber
into said first cylinder and prevent the air from escaping from
said first cylinder to said piston chamber, said piston having a
maximum downstroke wherein it is a spaced distance from said false
bottom, said distance determined so that said first cylinder can be
inflated only to said fixed maximum pressure when the pump is used
at normal atmospheric pressure.
2. The container of claim 1 wherein said cap comprises a top plate
having a downwardly extending annular flange having threads on the
inner surface of said flange to engage corresponding threads on
said first cylinder, a portion of said inner surface of said flange
having a groove cut through the threads so that pressurized air can
escape slowly from said first cylinder when said cap is being
unscrewed therefrom.
3. The container of claim 2 wherein said cap is provided with an
inner seal, said seal and said cap being free to rotate relative to
one another.
Description
BACKGROUND
Tennis balls are manufactured to close specifications of size,
weight, bounce, and deformability, in order that one tennis ball
will behave in play pretty much like any other tennis ball. Most
tennis balls are made filled with gas under pressure and originally
packaged in groups of three in pressurized cans. These cans are
made so that once opened they cannot be repressurized.
When a new tennis ball is taken out of its pressurized can, it
immediately begins a slow deterioration caused by the interior
pressure. This deterioration does not become obvious for several
days and is usually obscured by the wear produced by normal use.
Nevertheless, it remains true that after a number of weeks out of
the can, even an unused tennis ball loses so much bounce it becomes
useless to competent tennis players.
In order to preserve tennis balls when they are not in use, it is
therefore desirable to return them to a pressurized container. A
number of different types of containers have been devised for this
purpose over the last fifty years. None, however, has come into
widespread use. The container described here is proposed as an
effective, easily used alternative.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With the object of preserving tennis balls from deterioration due
to the difference between interior and exterior pressures, the
invention is a new combination of parts for a reuseable
pressuretight container for fluid pressurized balls. The invention
has an open end to admit balls with a cap to close it, and has a
hand operated pump attached to the body of the container which
serves to pressurize the container up to a fixed maximum
pressure.
One embodiment of the invention is depicted in the attached
drawing.
FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the cap.
The assembly consists of a cylindrical can, 1, closed at the bottom
but open at the upper end. The open end of the can is provided with
a removable cap, 2, which will close pressuretight. Bonded parallel
to the side of the can is a maximum pressure pump, 10, with its
outlet, 18, opening into the can.
In operation the cap is removed and the tennis balls (shown in FIG.
1 by broken line circles) put in. The cap is then replaced and the
pump handle, 8, worked up and down to pressurize the can. Because
of the pump's design, the can cannot be overpressurized. The can
remains pressurized until the balls are wanted. To get the balls
out, the cap is simply removed and the balls dumped out.
Can
The can, 1, is cylindrical. Its sidewall, 7, and bottom, 19, are
made from sheet metal or other suitable material. The bottom may be
flat or domed, but should be made so the can will stand upright on
a level surface. The can should be constructed so as to hold the
maximum pressure provided by the pump with good safety.
Cap
The cap, 2, need not be of a particular type, as long as it holds
pressure, but the type described here and shown in FIG. 1 will work
well.
The cap consists of a top plate, 3, a downwardly extending annular
flange with threads on the inside thereof, and an inner seal, 4,
made of metal or other suitable material. The inner seal is
provided with an annular layer of sealant material, 5, on the
outside edge of its lower side. The inner seal and the outer
portion of the cap are free to rotate with respect to one another.
The outside of the top of the can is threaded to fit the cap. On
the inside of the outer cap, a groove perpendicular to the threads,
6, cuts through the threads.
In operation, the cap is put on by simply screwing it on until
tight. As the cap tightens, the sealant on the inner seal contacts
the top of the can and the inner seal stops rotating. The outer cap
continues to rotate until the sealant is compressed between the
inner seal and the top of the can. In this method of sealing there
is no rubbing between the sealant and the can, so the sealant is
not worn away by frequent usage. The cap is removed by simply
unscrewing the outer cap. As the outer cap is unscrewed, pressure
from the can escapes out through the groove. If the groove were not
there, the cap might be dangerously blown off as it was
unscrewed.
Pump
The pump, 10, is similar to a small ordinary bicycle pump. It
consists of a hollow cylinder, 11, of sheet metal or other suitable
material with endwalls. The cylinder is divided by a false bottom,
15, into two portions, a smaller chamber or lower section
containing a check valve, 16, and a larger piston chamber housing a
piston, 13, inside to compress air. The piston is shown in FIG. 1
at the bottom of its downstroke. The piston is faced with rubber or
other flexible material, 14, which will allow air to pass by it on
the upstroke but will hold air on the downstroke. The piston is
connected by a rod, 12, to the handle, 8, used to work the pump. A
hole, 9, at the top of the pump admits air. The valve, 16, near the
bottom of the pump lets pressurized air pass on the downstroke of
the pump and prevents pressurized air from escaping from the can. A
needle valve held by a spring, 17, is shown in FIG. 1, but any type
of valve performing the same functions may be used.
The special feature of the pump is that it will only pressurize the
can to a fixed maximum pressure. This is so because of the design
of the pump.
Operation of the pump is as follows. Suppose the can has just been
capped so that the interior pressure is atmospheric pressure and
suppose the pump handle is down. When the pump handle is pulled up
a partial vacuum is formed in the middle section of the pump (the
section between the piston face, 14, and the false bottom, 15), so
air at atmospheric pressure rushes from the top of the pump, past
the flexible piston face, and into the middle section of the pump.
At the top of the piston's stroke, the middle section of the pump
is filled with air at atmospheric pressure. When the handle is
pushed down, the flexible piston face, 14, acting as a one-way
valve, traps the air in the middle section of the pump and
compresses it. On the down stroke the needle valve, 16, is blown
open immediately because the pressure is now higher between the
false bottom and the piston. The spring, 17, on the needle valve is
very light and does not resist pressure appreciably. Air rushes
past the needle valve, through the lower section of the pump,
through the hole, 18, and into the can. At the end of the
downstroke the air in the can and in the lower and middle sections
of the pump is at a new pressure, P.sub.1, which is higher than
atmospheric pressure. During the downstroke, air at atmospheric
pressure has rushed through the hole, 9, to fill the section above
the piston of the pump.
On the next upstroke and subsequent strokes, the situation is
somewhat different. First, the spring closes the needle valve
because the pressure is no longer higher in the middle section of
the piston chamber. (the valve is held closed thereafter primarily
by the pressure differential). As the piston rises, the air in the
middle section of the pump expands and loses pressure until it
reaches atmospheric pressure, at which point air begins to rush
from the top of the pump, past the piston face, and into the middle
of the pump. At the top of the upstroke, the middle section is
again filled with air at atmospheric pressure.
On the next downstroke, the air is again trapped by the piston face
and compressed. This time, however, the needle valve does not open
immediately, but only when the pressure in the middle section
exceeds P.sub.1. When it does, air passes into the can until the
end of the downstroke is reached and the air in the can and in the
lower and middle sections of the pump is at a higher pressure,
P.sub.2.
As is shown in FIG. 1, at the end of its downstroke, the piston
face is a distance b from the false bottom, 15, of the pump. The
piston may be pulled upwards a distance d. On the upstroke a column
of air of length d+b will be trapped in the middle section of the
pump.
It may be seen that the pump will not inflate the can over a fixed
maximum pressure (namely (d+b)/b times atmospheric pressure) as
follows. The key is (d+no air will go through the valve from the
pump into the can unless the pressure in the middle section of the
pump is higher than the pressure in the can.
Let the area of the piston face be A, and let atmospheric pressure
be P. Suppose the pressure in the can has reached (d+b)/b times
atmospheric pressure. When the handle is pulled out, a volume of
air equal to (d+b)A will be inside the middle section of the pump.
This air will be at atmospheric pressure. When the handle is pushed
down, this air will be compressed into a volume bA. As long as the
temperature of the air doesn't change, the ideal gas law
implies:
new volume times new pressure = old volume times old pressure
or
bA x new pressure = (d+b) A .times. P so
new pressure = ((d+b)/b)P
The new pressure is not larger than the pressure already in the
can, so no air will go through the valve from the pump into the
can. Hence, the pressure in the can cannot increase beyond
((d+b)/b)P.
When the handle is released, the air in the middle section of the
pump will expand back to its original volume and atmospheric
pressure.
Tennis balls are inflated above atmospheric pressure with about 21
pounds per square inch of gas pressure when new. Atmospheric
pressure is about 14 pounds per square inch. Thus the total
pressure in tennis balls is about 35 pounds per square inch, or
21/2 times atmospheric pressure. To equalize this pressure it is
reasonable to have a pump which will create a pressure 3 times
atmospheric pressure. This "three atmosphere" pump will have
(d+b)/b = 3, or d = 2b. FIG. 1 shows d to be approximately twice
the length of b.
Because pumping is a complex phenomenon, it may be desirable to
vary the proportion d = 2b slightly in the commercial product
either to make it possible to pressurize the can with fewer strokes
or to decrease the maximum pressure attainable in the can.
The use of the maximum pressure pump has two advantages. First,
pressure control is good; without special valves or gauges of the
sort referred to in the Miller U.S. Pat. No. 1,911,125 and the
Anderson Australian Pat. No. 22,852/29, a proper pressure may be
attained in the can. The pressure can easily be made as high as the
pressure in a tennis ball, an improvement over the device described
in the Hobbs U.S. Pat. No. 3,581,881, which is claimed to be
pressurizable only to about 12 pounds per square inch above
atmospheric pressure by an average adult. Second, the can will be
relatively safe from exploding as a result of excessive pressure
inside.
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