U.S. patent number 3,886,596 [Application Number 05/321,745] was granted by the patent office on 1975-06-03 for face guard for a baseball helmet or the like.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Cav, Inc.. Invention is credited to Burton P. Franklin, Charlotte S. Franklin.
United States Patent |
3,886,596 |
Franklin , et al. |
June 3, 1975 |
FACE GUARD FOR A BASEBALL HELMET OR THE LIKE
Abstract
A protective face guard for a helmet is disclosed and comprises
a specially formed and ribbed sheet of material which is able to
withstand the impact of a hit ball and which is fastened to the
helmet by novel ribbed connector means through which the force of
impact is distributed over a substantially large area of the
helmet.
Inventors: |
Franklin; Charlotte S.
(Danville, VA), Franklin; Burton P. (Danville, VA) |
Assignee: |
Cav, Inc. (Bent Mountain,
VA)
|
Family
ID: |
23251846 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/321,745 |
Filed: |
January 8, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
2/9; 2/10 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
9/02 (20130101); A42B 3/20 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A42B
3/18 (20060101); A42B 3/20 (20060101); A61F
9/02 (20060101); A41d 013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;2/9,10,3R
;151/33,37 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gilliam; Paul R.
Assistant Examiner: Nerbun; Peter
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a protective face guard for a game using a ball or like
struck play piece in combination with an integral helmet having a
protective dome, a bill and a pair of ear pieces, each having a
forward outwardly curved edge and a plurality of apertures behind
such edge, comprising:
a. a relatively thin lightweight sheet of molded transparent
thermoplastic material having:
1. an upper section protective of the mouth, nose and cheeks of the
wearer providing an unbroken exterior surface of predetermined
generally outward curvature and including a centrally disposed
breathing aperture and
2. a lower section protective of the jaw and lower pallet areas of
the wearer providing an unbroken exterior surface of predetermined
generally outward curvature depending beneath and angled rearwardly
from said first section and formed integral therewith;
b. end pieces located at respective opposite ends of and molded
integral with said first and second curved sections and each having
plural mounting apertures, said end pieces being formed with
inwardly curved force transmitting and distributing ledge surfaces
mating with said forwardly outwardly curved helmet ear piece edges
with said end pieces plural mounting apertures being located behind
said ledge surfaces and mating with said helmet ear piece
apertures; and
c. connector means mounted in said apertures and securing said face
guard end pieces adjacent said helmet ear pieces, each said
inwardly curved face guard end piece force transmitting ledge
surface mating with and engaging a respective one of said outwardly
curved helmet ear piece edges and being plurally secured at points
behind said ledge surfaces and in such engagement wherein the force
of impact of the play piece on either of said sections is
transmitted through said engaged curved end piece and helmet ear
piece surfaces.
2. In a protective face guard as claimed in claim 1 wherein said
upper curved section is formed with substantially semicircular
lateral cross-sectional curvature, and wherein said lower curved
section is formed with substantially parabolic lateral
cross-sectional curvature.
3. In a protective face guard as claimed in claim 1 wherein said
lower section includes a central relatively flat surface and having
a pair of horizontally extending oppositely located tear shaped
concave surface deformations extending from said central relatively
flat surface to a point proximate each said end piece.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to face guards for helmets and particularly
for baseball helmets.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There are serious problems with accidents in all sports, especially
in baseball for young children, where the force of a hit or
deflected ball can inflict facial injury.
In general the prior art has provided various face guard
configurations for use with batter's helmets and the like which
make use of a relatively stiff guard member rigidly secured to the
helmet and which serves to deflect hit or thrown balls from the
face of the wearer. Representative prior art patents includes U.S.
Pat. No. 3,067,427. Other prior art has been directed to protective
mask structures for use exclusive of such helmets. Representative
face masks include U.S. Pat. Nos.: 3,196,485, 2,616,081 and
1,488,812. Typically, however, such face masks and face guards for
use with helmets are suited to batting or catcher protection only
and are undesirable for headgear to be worn in the field since the
conventional face masks or guards are either bulky to maneuver,
undesirable in appearance or serve to unduly obstruct the player's
vision. Moreover, while prior art face guards for use with helmets
have provided protection to the eyes, nose, and mouth, they have
not provided adequate protection to the chin and neck areas.
Furthermore, attachment of such rigid face guards have generally
been made at only one point on each side of the helmet. Thus, the
shock transmitted by the impact of a hit ball is distributed over a
relatively small area of the helmet and can seriously jar the
player. Such rigid face guards in the past have been formed of
nylon, cast aluminum, etc., and have been characterized by frequent
breakage and failure at points of connection to the helmet.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is directed to a lightweight and visually pleasing
protective face guard for a baseball helmet specially formed from a
relatively thin section of plastic having high impact strength. The
face guard is preferably transparent and incorporates a suitable
breathing aperture. Mechanical connector means are incorporated
into the face guard at the point of connection with a helmet to
transmit high impact forced from the guard to the helmet in such a
manner as to distribute the force of impact over a wide area of the
helmet and thus reduce the force received at any one point of the
skull.
In a preferred embodiment the invention face guard is fastened to
the inside of the helmet earpieces. The uppermost edge of the guard
preferably resides below a player's sight line. The invention
contemplates use of a high impact strength plastic such as found in
polycarbonate and ABS monomers and which is reinforced by a novel
design incorporating different surface curvatures together with
beading at edge portions of the guard. Proximate a point of
connection of the improved face guard with a helmet earpiece is a
ribbing structure which corresponds to the adjacent curvature of
the helmet earpiece. Upon impact of a baseball against the
invention face guard, force of the impact is transmitted to the
helmet earpiece along substantially the length of the ribbing
structure, thereby evenly distributing the force over a large area
of the helmet.
A preliminary object of the invention is to provide a visually
pleasing protective face guard for baseball players, particularly
young people who play Little League ball and other types of
baseball and football games.
Other objects include protection on riot helmets, hockey helmets,
and the like, wherever facial injuries are possible by hard blows
from balls, missiles, bats and sticks, etc.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a strong and
lightweight face guard for a helmet wherein the force of a blow
received by the face guard is mechanically distributed over a large
area of the helmet to lessen the force exerted against any one
point of the skull.
A further object of the invention is to provide a face guard for a
helmet which provides upper throat protection in addition to face
protection.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a protective face guard constructed
in accordance with the invention shown in position on a typical
baseball helmet (indicated by dashed lines).
FIG. 2 is a front view of the invention face guard showing a
typical breathing hole.
FIG. 3 is a top view of the invention face guard showing lines
through which various cross sections of the face guard are
taken.
FIG. 4 is a side view of the face guard of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a true perspective of the top view, showing full
curvature of the face guard.
FIG. 6 is a true perspective of the bottom view, showing full
curvature of the face guard.
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of stiffening beading
along a top edge of the invention face guard.
FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of stiffening beading
along a bottom edge of the invention face guard.
FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 are cross-sectional views taken through the
respective sections 9--9, 10--10 and 11--11 indicated in FIG.
3.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken through the invention face
guard showing details of the breathing aperture.
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken vertically through the
invention face guard showing the curvature proximate the points of
mounting to a helmet earpiece.
FIG. 14 is a lateral cross-sectional view taken through a portion
of the invention face guard showing a force transmitting rib
member.
FIG. 15 is a partial side view of the invention showing details of
a mounting hole configuration for attaching the invention face
guard to a helmet earpiece.
FIG. 16 is a partial side view of the invention face guard showing
an alternate mounting hole configuration for attaching the
invention face guard to a helmet earpiece.
FIG. 17 is a partial cross-sectional view through the invention
face guard mounting hole configuration showing recessed detent
means provided to prevent fastening devices used to secure the
invention face guard to a helmet from pivoting during
securement.
FIG. 18 is a partial side view showing typical details of mounting
the invention face guard to the inside of a helmet by appropriate
fastening means.
FIG. 19 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line 19--19
indicated in FIG. 18, showing details of fastening means for
securing the invention face guard inside a helmet earpiece.
FIG. 20 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along lines 20--20
indicated in FIG. 18 to show details of a force transmitting
ribbing structure used to distribute force over a large area of a
helmet earpiece when mounting the invention face guard inside a
helmet earpiece.
FIG. 21 is a partial side view showing typical details of mounting
the invention face guard to the outside of a helmet by appropriate
fastening means.
FIG. 22 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line 22--22
indicated in FIG. 21 showing details of the fastening means used
for securing the invention face guard outside a helmet
earpiece.
FIG. 23 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line 23--23
indicated in FIG. 21, showing details of a force transmitting
ribbing structure, used to distribute force over a large area of a
helmet earpiece when mounting the face guard outside a helmet
earpiece.
FIG. 24 is a plan view of a T-nut used to fasten the invention face
guard to a helmet earpiece.
FIG. 25 is a side view of a T-nut showing projections which engage
detents adjacent the face guard mounting holes during securement of
a face guard to a helmet earpiece.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1 in a preferred embodiment, the instant
invention is directed to a protective face guard, generally
designated 10, for use with a baseball helmet 12 (shown in dashed
lines) or the like. A suitable helmet, for example, is the type
which has been made required headgear for Little League players at
bat by Little League, Inc., Williamsport, Pa., and which is
available from a number of well-known manufacturers. Typically,
such helmet 12 includes a padded dome portion 15, a bill 16, padded
earpieces 18 and a chin strap 21. In a preferred mounting position
the guard of the instant invention is secured to helmet 12 in a
manner such that the uppermost edge 20 of face guard 10 resides
below the wearer's normal sight line. In addition, uppermost edge
20 of face guard 10 cooperates with helmet bill 16 such that the
distance D is always sufficiently less than the diameter of a
baseball so as to prevent a moving baseball from striking the upper
features of the wearer's face. Note should be made that while the
description is primarily concerned with the sport of baseball, that
for other forms of athletic use, e.g., ice hockey, lacrosse, etc.,
the distance D can be sized accordingly. It is contemplated that
face guard 10 comprises a considerable amount of surface area as
shown in FIG. 1, so as to provide a substantial area of face
protection. It is therefore preferred that face guard 10 be formed
from a transparent high impact plastic material, e.g.,
polycarbonate, ABS monomers, to afford the wearer good
visibility.
Referring now to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, face guard 10 includes a central
body portion 22 comprising a first specially curved surface 25
designed to protect the mouth, nose and cheeks, and a second
specially curved surface 26 extending beneath and angled slightly
rearward of said first specially curved surface 25, and which is
designed to protect the jaw and lower pallet areas. Also included
are a pair of specially shaped end pieces 28 each provided with
suitable apertures 29 and force transmitting ribs 11 for securing
face guard 10 against either the inside or outside surface of
earpieces 18 as later described. A breathing aperture 30 is
centrally located in said first curved surface 25. Breathing
aperture 30 serves primarily to provide an adequate supply of
oxygen to the wearer and is large enough to insert the top of a
soft drink bottle so that the wearer can drink without removing the
mask, if desired. Aperture 30 furthermore serves as an antifogging
device so as not to obstruct the transparency of the clear plastic
face guard. Aperture shapes other than the rectangular one shown
and multiple apertures may be provided requiring only slight
modifications known to those skilled in the art.
In a preferred form of the invention, the uppermost 37 and
lowermost 38 edges of face guard 10 receive reinforcing beading 41
and 42, respectively. The beading used is preferably twice the
average thickness of face guard 10 and may comprise an auxiliary
beading strip slid over each edge or may be integrally formed as
shown. The use of such beading enables the invention to use
relatively thin sheets of plastic, e.g., 0.062 inch, yet to
maintain sufficient structural integrity to prevent breaking when
struck by a baseball traveling at high speed, e.g., 120 m.p.h.
Uppermost edge beading 41 is additionally important to provide
sufficient circumferential strength so that face guard 10 will not
bend and "bottom" against the face when struck with an object such
as a baseball. Similarly, breathing aperture 30 receives
reinforcing beading 43 in the preferred embodiment, best shown in
FIG. 12, which prevents cracking or breaking at the center of the
face guard despite the opening for a breathing aperture. With
further reference to the above, FIGS. 7 and 8 show respective
typical cross-sectional views of the uppermost face guard edge
beading 41 and lowermost face guard edge beading 42. The invention
contemplates use of smooth beading at least for the lowermost edge
of face guard 10 since said edge is exposed when a player puts on
and takes off his helmet, and therefore should not present abrupt
or sharp edges.
Referring next to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, as previously mentioned the
invention face guard 10 includes first and second specially curved
surfaces. First curved surface 25 is preferably formed having a
substantially semicircular curvature represented by 25' of FIG. 5.
Second curved surface 26 is preferably formed having a
substantially parabolic curvature represented by 26' of FIG. 6.
Second curved surface 26 is furthermore preferably adapted to
include a central relatively flat section 33, best shown in FIG. 2,
for chin protection, and which can be padded, if desired, and
teardrop shaped inwardly curving sections 34 formed adjacent said
central flat section for increased strength. Note particularly
FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 which are cross-sectional views taken through
the invention face guard along lines 9--9, 10--10 and 11--11, and
which show the relative shape and curvature of a typical inward
curving section 28. Slight shape variations of the above disclosed
first and second curved surfaces may be used in forming the
invention face guard and the use of greater thicknesses of plastic
may not require the additional use of reinforcing beading. It
should be noted, however, that the combination of the above
described first and second different curved surfaces and beading
reinforcement effectively strengthens the invention face guard and
permits utilization of a relatively thin plastic sheet to form a
lightweight yet extremely strong face guard.
Continuing with the description, the instant invention provides an
improved mechanism of impact force transmittal and distribution
from a face guard to a helmet, which depends on a novel form of
securing the invention face guard 10 to helmet earpieces 18.
Referring again to FIGS. 2 and 3, a specially shaped force
transmitting rib 11 is formed in each face guard end piece 28
proximate the area of securement of said end piece 28 with a helmet
earpiece 18. Each rib 11 is formed to substantially correspond to
the curvature of the helmet earpiece forward edge 14 (see FIG. 1),
and is adapted to abut said edge 14 when securement of face guard
10 is made to helmet 12, best shown in FIGS. 18 and 21, by novel
connector means 19. Ribs 11 may be formed on either side of face
guard 10 depending upon whether it is desired to secure end pieces
28 outside or inside of helmet earpieces 18. It should also be
noted that alternatively the formation of a vertical curved step
(not shown) in each end piece provides a force transmitting surface
equivalent to rib 11.
Referring now to FIGS. 15 and 18 which show a preferred embodiment
end piece 28 mounting configuration for mounting the invention face
guard to the inside surfaces of helmet earpieces 18, each end piece
28 is provided with apertures 29 for receiving novel connector
means 19. Connector means 19 comprises a specially formed T-nut 45
best shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, bolt 46 and washer 47. Assembled
connector means 19 is adapted to secure face guard end piece 28 to
a portion of helmet ear piece 18 but to prevent the two pieces 28
and 18 from being tightly secured together. This novel arrangement
prevents tight securement over a relatively small area of the
preferred polycarbonate or like plastic material and thus does not
cause such material to cold flow which would weaken the connection
and would be the case with a completely tight securement.
Referring to FIGS. 24 and 25, a "T-nut" according to the invention
comprises a head portion 55 and a shank portion 53. Head 55 is
provided with a pair of relatively small round pins 52. During
securement of connector means 19 pins 52 are adapted to seat in
detents 27 which are formed in each end piece 28 adjacent each
aperture 29 in order to prevent rotation of T-nut 45 while it is
being tightened. Shank portion 53 is adapted to correspond to the
diameter of apertures 29 and has a length equivalent to the
combined thickness of end piece 28 and ear piece 18. Therefore,
bolt 46 is effectively prevented from over tightening the face
guard to the helmet since bolt 46 and washer 49 seat on T-nut 45. A
threaded aperture 54 is provided internally of said shank 53 to
receive bolt 46. Note particularly in FIG. 19 that a snap portion
48 may be additionally secured to said connector means 19 to enable
snap securement of a chin strap shown in FIG. 1. A pair of
connector assemblies 19 are utilized in each end piece 28 to
prevent the invention face guard from pivoting.
Referring to FIGS. 21, 22 and 23 in an alternate embodiment the
invention face guard is adapted to mount to the outer side of
helmet earpieces 18. In this particular embodiment, end piece 28
receives a specially curved force transmitting rib 11 along an
inside surface opposite from that shown in FIG. 18 and which abuts
the forward edge 14 of earpiece 18. Comparing FIGS. 20 and 23 which
separately show the two above described embodiments, it will be
apparent that the force of a blow to the invention face guard is
transmitted via force transmitting rib 11 to a substantial area of
each helmet ear piece 18 equally as effectively in either described
mounting embodiment. By utilizing a force transmitting rib to
transmit the force of a blow, connector means 19 need only support
substantially the weight of face guard 10 and only minor stresses,
e.g., when a helmet is dropped, while maintaining such face guard
in a stationary position with respect to the helmet.
Based on the above, it is apparent that the instant invention
provides an extremely strong yet lightweight face guard for
baseball helmets and the like. Substantial protection to the face
is provided by a novel design which is structurally functional in
reinforcing and strengthening the face guard. Furthermore, through
a novel form of mounting the invention face guard to a helmet the
force of a blow is transmitted to a broad area of the helmet and is
greatly reduced. At the same time, a visually pleasing
substantially clear face guard is provided for butting as well as
fielding headgear.
* * * * *