U.S. patent number 3,885,310 [Application Number 05/370,445] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-27 for orthodontic appliance.
Invention is credited to Michael E. Northcutt.
United States Patent |
3,885,310 |
Northcutt |
May 27, 1975 |
Orthodontic appliance
Abstract
A removable orthodontic appliance that exerts corrective forces
on teeth incorporates a timing system which records the amount of
time the appliance has been used by the patient to enhance patient
treatment.
Inventors: |
Northcutt; Michael E. (Mount
View, CA) |
Family
ID: |
26973078 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/370,445 |
Filed: |
June 15, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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302734 |
Nov 1, 1972 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
433/5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G07C
3/04 (20130101); A61C 7/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61C
7/00 (20060101); A61C 7/06 (20060101); G07C
3/00 (20060101); G07C 3/04 (20060101); A61c
007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;32/14R,14D,14E,14A
;128/2.1M ;73/432R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Mancene; Louis G.
Assistant Examiner: Lever; J. Q.
Parent Case Text
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.
302,734 filed Nov. 1, 1972, now abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. A removable orthodontic appliance comprising means for exerting
corrective forces on teeth, said appliance also including means for
sensing when the appliance is being used and means responsive to
said sensing means for recording the amount of time the appliance
is in use on the patient.
2. The appliance of claim 1 wherein the sensing means are
responsive to forces exerted by the appliance.
3. The appliance of claim 1 wherein the sensing means are
responsive to a skin electrolytic function.
4. The appliance of claim 1 wherein the recorder provides a direct
readout.
5. The appliance of claim 1 wherein the recorder must be connected
to a readout instrument to provide a readout.
6. A removable orthodontic traction appliance of the kind used in
orthodontia for retracting the upper teeth of a patient, said
appliance comprising frame means for engaging brackets attached to
upper molars to exert a force on the molars, said appliance also
including means for sensing when the appliance is being used and
means responsive to said sensing means for recording the amount of
time the appliance is in use on the patient.
7. The appliance as defined in claim 6 wherein the appliance
includes a bow structure and the recorder means are located in the
bow structure.
8. The appliance as defined in claim 6 wherein the appliance
includes a head pad and the recorder means are located in the head
pad.
9. An appliance as defined in claim 6 wherein the sensing means are
responsive to the force exerted by the frame means.
10. An appliance as defined in claim 6 wherein the sensing means
include force setting means effective to select a limited range of
forces for actuating the recorder.
11. An appliance as defined in claim 6 wherein the recorder records
the time of use but does not display the amount of time
recorded.
12. An appliance as defined in claim 6 including a pressure
indicator or recorder.
13. A pad of the kind associated with an elastic band for applying
a load to bow structure of an orthodontic traction appliance, said
pad including means for sensing when said appliance is being used
and means responsive to said sensing means for recording the amount
of time the appliance is in use.
14. A pad as defined in claim 13 wherein the pad is shaped to
engage the back of the patient's neck.
15. A pad as defined in claim 13 wherein the recorder includes a
solid state memory chip and the sensing means includes switch means
which are closed in response to a force within a selected range of
forces and a temperature within a selected range of temperatures so
that the recorder will not record unless both conditions of force
and temperature are present.
16. A readout instrument in combination with the orthodontic
appliance of claim 1.
17. A method of correcting the position of teeth of a patient with
a removable orthodontic appliance comprising exerting corrective
forces on said teeth with said removable appliance, sensing when
the appliance is being used with sensing means on said appliance
and recording the time said appliance is used by the patient with
recorder means on said appliance, said recording means being
responsive to said sensing means.
18. According to claim 17 including engaging a metal frame against
brackets attached to upper molars, exerting a force on the metal
frame to retract the upper teeth, and recording on a time recorder
built into the appliance the amount of time the metal frame is so
engaged under force with the brackets.
Description
This invention relates to removable orthodontic appliances that
exert corrective forces on teeth.
The use of removable appliances that exert corrective forces on
teeth such as headgears, mono-blocks, activators, crozats,
retainers, spring loaded retainers and the like is at the
discretion of the patient who most often is an adolescent. Since
the appliance may be somewhat uncomfortable and inconvenient to
wear, it takes considerable will power to adhere to a treatment
program. It can be particularly difficult to adhere to a program
for an adolescent who may not fully recognize the true value of the
treatment.
The rate of corrective movement of teeth is a function both of the
forces applied to the teeth and the time those forces have been
applied. Failure to wear an appliance for the prescribed periods
results in reduced corrective movement of the teeth and, in
addition, such failure can result in the use of incorrect forces in
later stages of the treatment. As treatment progresses, forces are
often determined in relation to the effectiveness of forces used in
earlier stages. If a patient represents that the program has been
fully complied with when in fact it has not, the orthodontist is
led to believe that the forces applied earlier were inadequate to
cause the desired rate of tooth movement. As a consequence,
excessive forces may be chosen which can work to the detriment of
the patient.
It is a primary object of the present invention to overcome the
lack of proper use of an appliance by recording the time the
appliance has been in use.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a
removable orthodontic appliance that exerts corrective forces on
teeth, said appliance having means for sensing and recording the
amount of time the appliance is in use on the patient.
Recording the amount of time the appliance has been used by the
patient not only facilitates control of the case by the
orthodontist and permits early detection of poor cooperation by the
patient, but this information also acts as a psychological
inducement to the patient. Logging in the hours is much like
watching weight loss; each hour recorded is an inducement to stick
with it.
The recording means employed in the practice of this invention can
be any of a variety of means known in the art. It can be a small or
miniaturized electronic instrument, including those on metal oxide
semiconductor chips, it can be a charging or discharging cell; it
can be a small clock; or it can be any other form desired. The
recording means may be supported by or incorporated into any
desirable part of the structure of the appliance; while the
recording means can, if desired, provide a direct visual readout,
in a preferred embodiment on the invention, the recorder does not
provide a direct visual readout but is connected to a readout
device to determine the amount of time the patient has used the
headgear. This minimizes tampering with the recorder by the
patient.
For those recorders that require power, a miniaturized battery or
the like may be employed and, indeed, the electrolytic activity of
the mouth may be utilized to charge a micro circuit or the spring
energy of a headgear may be used. The selection of an appropriate
power source is within the skill of the routineer.
A variety of sensing means may also be employed to actuate the
recording means. Means responsive to forces developed by the
appliance; means responsive to body heat such as a thermistor;
means responsive to capacitance, resistance or other attributes of
skin electrolytic functions; means responsive to fluids in the
mouth; or any other desired means may be employed. Each of the
above described sensing means, as well as others, is within the
skill of the art. It will be understood that the sensing and
recording means may be suitably packaged to protect them from
shock, mouth fluids or the like depending on their location.
In one aspect this invention contemplates that force sensing means
actuated only within a limited range of forces be employed. This
can be effective to prevent an effort to create a false record by
applying forces to the applicance when it is not in actual use by
the patient. In another aspect, this invention contemplates that
two attributes be employed to actuate the recording means. For
example, temperature and pressure, pressure and conductance,
temperature and conductance, pressure and resistance, temperature
and resistance, or the like may be employed to actuate the
recording means so that the device will be essentially fool proof.
Since the patient would be unaware of which attributes were used,
it would be extremely difficult to effect a false reading.
The practice of this invention will be described in detail with
respect to a headgear as shown in FIGS. 1-9 of the attached
drawings.
FIG. 1 is a bottom plan view of a headgear constructed in
accordance with one embodiment of the present invention and shows
the headgear operatively associated with the upper arch of a
patient's mouth;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary side elevation view taken along the line
and in the direction indicated by the arrows 2--2 in FIG. 1 and
shows an adjustment mechanism at one end of the inner bow of the
headgear shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary front elevation view taken along the line
and in the direction indicated by the arrows 3--3 in FIG. 1 and
shows a coil spring in the outer bow of the headgear illustrated in
FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary elevation taken along the line and in the
direction of the arrows 4--4 in FIG. 1 and shows a time recorder in
the head pad for recording the amount of time the headgear is in
use by the patient;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary elevation view like FIG. 4 and shows a
clock in the head pad for recording the amount of time the headgear
is in use by the patient;
FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the recording instrument
incorporated in the headgear as shown in FIG. 4 and its association
with a readout instrument plugged into the recording instrument in
the orthodontist's office;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating circuit details of the recording
instrument shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing details of the circuitry of the readout
instrument or office monitor used in the orthodontist's office and
shown in FIG. 6; and
FIG. 9 is a pictorial view showing how readout is taken in the
orthodontist's office.
Referring to FIG. 1, the headgear 10 includes an inner bow or frame
12 and an outer bow or frame 14. A bracket 16 is attached to an
upper molar 17 as illustrated in FIG. 1, and an end piece 19 of the
inner bow or frame 12 slides into a tube 21 on a bracket 16 until
an offset face 23 of the end piece 19 abuts the end of the tube 21.
The outer bow 14 is connected to the inner bow 12 at the forward
end of the inner bow as indicated by the reference numeral 18. As
shown in FIG. 1, coil springs 26 may be incorporated in the outer
bow at the areas of attachment to the inner bow. These coil springs
permit both lateral and longitudinal displacement of the ends of
the outer bow to provide cushioning and shock absorption. These
coil springs make the headgear more pliable as is required when a
patient sleeps with the side of his face on the pillow.
The ends of the outer bow 14 extend outward alongside the sides of
the patient's head, and an elastic band 20 is connected to the ends
of the outer bow by the hook-on connectors 22. The elastic band 20
includes a pad 24 which is engaged with the back of the patient's
head or neck. The band is stretched when the pad 24 is engaged with
the back of the patient's head or neck, and this exerts a tension
force on the outer bow 14. This tension force is transmitted to the
inner bow 12 as the compression force in the inner bow. The
shoulders 23 on the rods 19 of the inner bow engage the ends of the
tubes 21 of the brackets 16 to exert a retraction force on the
molars 17.
The end portions of the inner bow include adjustment means 30 for
adjusting the bow with respect to the brackets 16 to adjust the
spacing between the inner bow and the front teeth. The adjustment
means 30 include an inner rod or tube 32 which is fixed to the rod
19 and an outer sleeve or tube 34 which is connected to or integral
with the inner bow 12. As shown in FIG. 2 a set screw 36 may be
used to retain the parts 32 and 34 in the adjusted position. Other
means, such as crimping the parts or threads between the parts, may
equally well be used.
As shown in FIG. 5, a recorder means such as a clock 40 is attached
to the pad 24. The clock 40 is actuated to record by a switch
connected to the tension band 20. When the band is stretched in the
course of being placed on the patient's head, the tension closes
the switch to start the clock 40. Such switch mechanisms are
currently common to stop watches.
Another form of time recorder for recording the amount of time that
the headgear is used by the patient is shown in FIGS. 4, 6, 7, and
8. In this case the time recorder is an electronic instrument
42.
As illustrated in FIG. 4 the recorder 42 is incorporated in the
headgear between the ends of the tension band 20 so as to be
actuated by stretching of the band. However, the recorder 42 may
also be located elsewhere such as at the front of the inner bow 12
between the points of connection 18 to the outer bow 14. In either
case the recorder 42 is a monolithic integrated CMOS chip which is
actuated to record by sensing means responsive to the retraction
force produced when the headgear is installed. When mounted in the
headband, the sensing means comprises a switch associated with the
band 20. When the recorder is mounted in the bow structure, the
sensing means may comprise a switch associated with one of the
springs 26 or associated with the bracket tube 21 and the surface
23 of the rod at the end of the inner bow.
As illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 7 the recorder 42 may include force
setting means 43 for selecting a limited range of forces for
actuating the recorder. This may be done by inserting a key in a
slot or by other means. Selecting a limited range of forces tends
to minimize tampering. If the force must be very close to that
which exists when the headgear is installed, it is difficult for
the patient to duplicate that amount of force by stretching the
band without installing the headgear.
The recorder 42 preferably does not visually indicate the amount of
the time recorded on the recorder. Instead, the recorder 42
includes connector sockets A' and B' for connection to
corresponding connector pins A and B of a readout instrument 48 as
illustrated in FIG. 6. The readout instrument or office monitor 48,
when plugged into the recorder 42, indicates the amount of time
recorded, and thus the amount of time the headgear has been in use
by the patient. This minimizes tampering by the patient.
FIGS. 7 and 8 shows details of the circuitry for the recorder 42
and the monitor 48. The headgear 42 comprises one monolithic
integrated CMOS chip 50. The chip 50 includes an oscillator 52, a
divider 54, and a buffer 56. A tension operated microswitch 44, the
force setting means 43, and a quartz crystal 58 are connected to
the oscillator 52. A mercury battery 60 is connected to the divider
54. Six binary outputs 62 from the buffer 56 count from 0 to 63
days. A reset button 64 is connected to the divider 54.
The office monitor 48 includes a two digit LED (light emitting
diodes) display screen 66. The display screen is connected to a
standard TTL integrated circuit decoder 68. Six binary inputs 70
are connected to the decoder 68 and are also connectable to the
binary outputs 62 of the recorder. A reset button 72 is connected
to the decoder 68. A power supply 74 is connected to the display
screen 66. An on/off switch 76 is connected between the power
supply 74 and the mains.
FIG. 9 is a pictorial view showing how readout is taken from the
overall system in the orthodontist's office. In FIG. 9 a single
coaxial outlet A' and a related coaxial plug A are used instead of
the two sockets and two connector pins shown in FIG. 6.
While the clock 40 and electronic recorder 42 have been illustrated
and described, other recorder means may be used as noted
earlier.
In addition to a timer, this invention also contemplates that the
removable orthodontic appliance may be equipped with other
features. A headgear appliance may include, for example, a pressure
indicator or recorder including strain gauges, and transducers.
Pressure indicators or recorders for headgears are known in the art
and are described, inter alia, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,533,163,
3,648,372 and 3,526,035. A headgear appliance may also, if desired,
include a radio with or without an earpiece so that use of the
headgear will be rendered more attractive.
The disclosures and the description herein are purely illustrative
and are not intended to be in any sense limiting. Since variations
of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, it
is intended that this invention be limited only by the scope of the
appended claims.
* * * * *