U.S. patent number 3,885,257 [Application Number 05/352,862] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-27 for pressure controlled resilient supporting structure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ronald J. P. Evans. Invention is credited to John E. Rogers.
United States Patent |
3,885,257 |
Rogers |
May 27, 1975 |
Pressure controlled resilient supporting structure
Abstract
A resilient block, preferably formed from a foamed resin, that
has a number of criss-crossed arranged grooves formed therein which
extend inwardly from at least a first surface thereof. The grooves
cooperate with one another to define a number of spaced pads in the
block, which pads include weight-supporting heads, with the pads
being independently compressible without being subjected to a
transverse shearing force. Inwardly from the heads thereof, the
pads may vary in transverse cross section. By varying the
transverse cross section of the pads, the block may provide a
cushion or mattress on which the peaks and valley portions of a
human body resting thereon are subjected to substantially
controlled pressure. Such controlled pressure is of the utmost
importance in eliminating bedsores in the case of a patient, and
minimizing fatigue on the part of a user such as a pilot, bus
driver, invalid, and vehicle passenger who must sit on a cushion
over long periods of time. In addition, by controlling pressure it
is possible to maintain an irregularly shaped object in a container
for shipping from one point to another by allowing spring or
shear-absorbing qualities to be attained without fabricating a
contained foamed block (Styrofoam) to match an irregularly shaped
object. The invention further includes a tool for forming the above
described resilient block and method of using said tool when the
block is formed from a resilient material that melts above a
predetermined temperature.
Inventors: |
Rogers; John E. (La Habra,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Evans; Ronald J. P. (Herts,
EN)
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Family
ID: |
26972566 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/352,862 |
Filed: |
April 20, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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301724 |
Oct 30, 1972 |
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24099 |
Mar 31, 1970 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
5/730; 5/655.9;
5/724 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61G
7/05715 (20130101); A47C 27/144 (20130101); A61F
5/01 (20130101); A47C 27/18 (20130101); A61G
7/05707 (20130101); A47C 27/146 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47C
27/14 (20060101); A47C 27/15 (20060101); A47C
27/18 (20060101); A61G 7/057 (20060101); A61F
5/01 (20060101); A47c 027/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;264/138,154 ;83/5
;425/289 ;5/338,345,355,361 ;206/46FC,523 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Nunberg; Casmir A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Babcock; William C.
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
The present application is a continuation-in-part of a continuation
application Ser. No. 301,724 entitled "Resilient Supporting
Structure" that was filed in the United States Patent Office on
Oct. 30, 1972, which continuation application is based on my
application Ser. No. 24,099 filed in the Patent Office on Mar. 31,
1970.
Claims
I claim:
1. A resilient support for effecting full surface contact with the
peaks and valleys of the portions of an irregularly shaped object
resting thereon to substantially equalize the pressure distribution
of said object over the surface of said support in contact with
said object, said support comprising:
a. a block resilient material that has a plurality of spaced
grooves extending inwardly from a first side thereon on which said
object rests, which grooves cooperatively define a plurality of
independently movable pads therebetween, with each of said pads
having flat external first surfaces of substantially of said pads
having flat external first surfaces of substantially the same area
that lie in a common plane when said object is not supported on
said block, with a first portion of each of said pads compressing
inwardly in proportion to the transverse cross-sectional area of
said pad inwardly from said first surfaces and the loading to which
said pad is subjected, with first groups of said pads that are
subjected to the load of said peaks of said object being of greater
transverse cross-sectional area than second groups of said pads
that are subjected to the valleys of said object, and with the
ratio of said transverse cross-sectional areas of said first and
second groups of said pads being so chosen that when said object
rests on said block said peaks and valleys of said object in
contact with said first side are subjected to pressures that are
controlled by said cross-sectional areas of said first portions of
said pads.
2. A resilient support as defined in claim 1 wherein said object is
the body of a person.
3. A resilient device as defined in claim 1 that is in the form of
a cushion.
4. A resilient device as defined in claim 1 that is in the form of
a mattress.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
A pressure-controlled resilient supporting structure.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the past, resilient cellular resin sheets and blocks have been
used to form cushions and mattresses, but such equipment is
unsatisfactory for use by invalids or patients who must sit or lie
on the same for long periods of time. This unsatisfactory condition
arises from the fact that the contacting surfaces of the resilient
material is subjected to shear pressure when contacted by curved
and flat portions of the patient's body, and as a result, the
resilient material does not provide controlled support for the
patient. Furthermore, due to the curved configuration of a
patient's body, certain portions of resilient cushions and
mattresses that have been used in the past become compressed to a
greater degree than the balance thereof, whereby the supporting
resilient cushion or mattress does not exert a controlled pressure
contact on the patient lying or resting thereon.
In my copending application, Ser. No. 24,099 previously identified,
the operational disadvantages of prior art resilient supporting
structures have been eliminated by the use of a multilayer
support.
The primary purpose in devising the present invention is to provide
a single block of a resilient material, preferably a cellular resin
material, that is in full pressure contact with the portions of the
person's body resting thereon, with the peaks and valley portions
of the human body in contact with the resilient structure being
subjected to substantially uniform pressure where required. By its
resilient ability to conform to irregular shapes, this invention
will also provide an ideal method of shipping objects from one
point to another without damage due to shock.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A resilient cellular resin block, preferably in the form of a
cushion, padding, a mattress, having at least a first flat surface
subdivided by relatively deep criss-cross grooves into a number of
longitudinally and transversely spaced pads that are independently
compressible without being subjected to transverse shear when the
peaks and valley portions of the human body or an irregularly
shaped object rest on said first surface. The above mentioned
blocks may be used either individually as a cushion or mattress to
support an individual or patient in a sitting or lying position
thereon, and due to this uniformly applied pressure, bedsores are
substantially eliminated in the case of a patient, and fatigue is
minimized by a person sitting or lying on the block over a
prolonged period of time. Similarly, by use of the invention an
irregularly-shaped object may be held in a desired position without
undue stresses being imposed thereon.
A major object of the present invention is to supply a resilient
block that is particularly adapted for use in the medical field,
either in the form of a mattress or cushion, to so support a
patient that the peaks and valleys of the contacting portion of the
patient are subjected to controlled pressure, with the resilient
structure conforming to the contour of the contact surfaces of the
patient.
Another object of the invention is to control the pressure exerted
on an object being shipped in a container from one point to another
to eliminate the necessity of forming shaped and matched foamed
blocks for this purpose.
A further object of the invention is to supply a tool and method of
using the same, to transform a block of resilient foam material
that melts at a predetermined temperature into either a mattress,
cushion or padding having the above described operational
advantages and characteristics.
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of an electrically operated
device used in forming the resilient supporting structure;
FIG. 2 is an end elevational view of the device prior to being
moved into contact with the resilient body;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a resilient block after being formed
into a resilient structure by use of the device shown in FIGS. 1
and 2;
FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the resilient
supporting structure shown in FIG. 3, taken on the line 4--4
thereof;
FIG. 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the resilient
supporting structure shown in FIG. 4, taken on the line 5--5
thereof;
FIG. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the resilient
structure, a portion of which is shown in FIG. 4, but with the pads
defined by use of the device illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 having a
greater transverse cross section than those shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary transverse cross-sectional view of a
portion of a supporting structure having an alternate form of pad
formed therein;
FIG. 8 is another view of the supporting structure shown in FIG. 7,
but with the pads having greater transverse cross-sectional
area;
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a block of
resilient material that has pads formed therein that are of a
second alternate form;
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary transverse cross-sectional view of a
resilient structure in which the pads defined therein are of the
third alternate form;
FIG. 11 shows the second form of pads illustrated in FIG. 9, and
demonstrates the manner in which the same are compressed
longitudinally without transverse shear when a load is applied
thereto;
FIG. 12 is a side elevational view of one of the resilient
structures in the form of a cushion and illustrating the manner in
which the upper surface thereof conforms to the peaks and valleys
of a portion of the human body, or other irregularly shaped body
that is supported thereon;
FIG. 13 is a side elevational view of a person in a supine
position, resting on a resilient structure in which the pads are so
arranged as to contact the full surface of the peaks and valleys of
the person or patient resting thereon; and
FIG. 14 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a container with
the invention retaining an irregularly shaped object in a protected
position therein.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The tool A used in forming a resilient block B of a foamed resin
that melts at a predetermined temperature into a cushion C, as
shown in FIG. 12, or a mattress D illustrated in FIG. 13, is shown
in FIGS. 1 and 2.
The tool A includes an elongate rigid member 10 formed from an
electrical insulator that may be subjected to a high temperature
without damage. Electrical conductors 12 and 14 are supported by
conventional means from opposite sides of member 10, with each
conductor having a number of longitudinally spaced metallic screws
or connectors 16 projecting outwardly therefrom that may be
removably engaged by eyes 18 on the ends of loops 20. The loops 20
are defined by an electrical resistance wire such as Nichrome, or
the like.
Conventional fastening means such as nuts, or the like, (not shown)
engage the screws or connectors 16 and hold the eyes 18 in
electrical contact therewith. The loops 20 may be of any desired
configuration, but are illustrated in FIG. 1 as being generally
elliptical in shape. Conductors 12 and 14 are connectable to a
source of electrical power (not shown) and the electric power
heating the loops above the predetermined temperature previously
mentioned.
The rigid member 10 may be grasped by the hand, and after the loops
20 are heated to above the predetermined temperature, the member is
moved transversely across the block B to cause the loops 20 to pass
therethrough due to being heated above the melting point of the
resilient foam material defining the block. The operation is then
repeated, with the member 10 then being moved longitudinally
relative to the block to cause the loops 20 to pass therethrough,
with this operation being conducted on that portion of the block B
adjacent at least a first surface 22 thereof. If is also possible
to move the block under the loops to obtain the same result.
After the above described operation has been completed, that
portion of the block B adjacent the first surface 22 thereof is
transformed to define a number of longitudinally and transversely
spaced pads 24, each of which has a head 26, with the pads being
separated by criss-cross grooves 25. The external surfaces of each
of the pads 24 is preferably of the same transverse cross-sectional
area, as may best be seen in FIG. 3. In FIG. 4 it will be seen that
the above described operation has also been completed on a second
surface 28 of the block B that is oppositely disposed from the
first surface 22. The block B may be formeed into a cushion E, as
shown in FIG. 12, by the above described operation. When a user F
sits thereon, the peak portion 29 of the user is in contact with
the portion E-1 of the cushion E. The valley portion 30 of the user
F will be in contact with a portion E-2 of the cushion E.
The portion E-2 will have pads 24 of the configuration shown in
FIG. 4 defined therein. The portion E-1 of the cushion E will have
pads 24' formed therein, which pads have heads 26' such as shown in
FIG. 6. It will be particularly noted that the head 26' are of
greater depth than the heads 26, and the cross section of the pads
24' below the heads are of greater transverse cross section than
those shown in FIG. 4.
Although the portion E-1 is subjected to greater weight than the
portion E-2, the pads 24', due to their greater transverse cross
section, compress longitudinally less than the pads 24, whereby the
pressure exerted by the cushion on the peak 29 and valley 30 of the
user is substantially uniform. It is also possible to have portion
E-2 with transverse cuts in only one direction or no cuts at all.
This also gives increased strength in area and demonstrates
gradation that may be obtained with the method.
The pads 24' are formed in the same manner as the pads 24, but with
resistance loops 20 of different configurations being mounted on
the device. The distribution of the pads 24 and 24' on the cushion
E is so selected that when the user F is resting on the cushion E
as shown in FIG. 12, both the peak portion 28 and the valley
portion 30 of the user are subjected to the same supporting
pressure from the cushion E.
The portion E-2 of cushion E, due to the valley configuration of
the user F, is obviously subjected to a less downward force than
that exerted by the peak portion 29 on the portion E-1 of the
cushion E. Accordingly, the pads 24 can be of less transverse cross
section below the heads 26 than that of pads 24'. The pads 24 and
24', due to the curved configuration of the side walls defining the
same, initially have the major portion of the longitudinal
compression thereof at substantially the center of the pads, due to
the center portions of the pad being of minimum transverse cross
section. As the force on the pads increases, the compression of the
pads gradually spreads to the portion above and below this central
portion. The degree of longitudinal compression of the pads 24 and
24' is controlled by the tapered configuration of the pads inwardly
from the heads 26. In FIG. 12 it will be seen that the weight of
the user F is concentrated on the portion E-1 of the cushion E, and
downwardly extending areas so indicate, but with the portion E-2
being urged upwardly by the resiliency of the pads in the portion
E-2 to exert a substantially equally distributed and greater
pressure on the valley portion 30 of the user.
By changing the configuration of the loops 20, the block B may be
transformed to a cushion G in which a first portion thereof has
pads 32 formed thereon, that include heads 34, with a second
portion of the supporting structure G having pads 32' and heads
34'. The transverse cross section of the pads 32 is substantially
greater than that of the pads 32', and the cushion G accordingly
acts in the same manner as the cushion E previously described. It
will be particularly noted that in both the cushions E and G, that
the pads 24, 24'; 32 and 32' are independently movable relative to
one another and that each of these pads may be compressed
longitudinally to a desired degree, without the pads adjacent
thereto being deformed.
Pads 24 and 32 above described can be formed to extend inwardly
from the first surface 22 of the block B, as well as the second
surface 28 thereof. The block B can be transformed to a cushion H,
such as shown in FIG. 9, that has pads 36 with heads 28 that are of
a different configuration than those previously described, and with
the pads 36 being connected to the center portion of the block or
resilient material by relatively narrow necks 40.
Formation of the pads 36 is carried out in the same manner as
previously described with the device A, but with the loops 20 being
of a different configuration, and of a shape to provide the pads 36
when the loops are passed transversely and longitudinally through
the block. When a cushion H has one of the pads 36 thereof loaded
as shown in FIG. 11, the initial longitudinal compression will be
in the neck 40, and as the pad is subjected to further weight, the
portion above the neck 40 will deform downwardly. The pad 36 to the
left of the deformed pad in FIG. 11, is shown without a sufficient
weight or force being applied to the top therefrom to deform the
neck 40.
In FIG. 10 the pad J is shown that results from the transformation
of a block B, but with the pads 42 having side walls 42a that taper
inwardly towards one another. The form of resilient support J
operates in the same manner as the forms previously described.
In FIG. 13 the block B is in the form of a mattress K which is
simply an elongation of the cushion E, and those portions of the
mattress that are subjected to maximum and minimum weight are
indicated by the notation E-1 and E-2, respectively. Mattress K may
be supported by a flat horizontal member L or by a hinged frame, as
in a hospital bed. The operation of the mattress K, as shown in
FIG. 13, is the same as that of the cushion E illustrated in FIG.
12. The resilient material defining the block B may be either a
closed or open cell foamed resin, such as polyurethane, or the
like, that can be cut with a heated wire. After the cutting
operation is completed, the severed portions of the block B are
removed therefrom to provide the grooved pad-defining structure in
the block. In FIG. 4 the pads 24 are shown as being formed on both
sides 22 and 28 thereof, but if desired the pads may be formed on
side 24 only.
A shipping container S is shown in FIG. 14 in which two of the
blocks B have an irregularly shaped object O such as a vase V
sandwiched therebetween, and with all surface portions of the
object subjected to desired pressures. It will be noted that the
grooves 25 on opposite sides of each block may be transversely
off-set from one another if desired.
* * * * *