U.S. patent number 3,883,213 [Application Number 05/431,389] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-13 for connectors.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Chomerics, Inc.. Invention is credited to Frank J. Glaister.
United States Patent |
3,883,213 |
Glaister |
May 13, 1975 |
Connectors
Abstract
An electrical connector which normally has a high resistance
when uncompressed but which when pressure is applied to compress a
volume thereof exhibits a low resistance through the compressed
volume.
Inventors: |
Glaister; Frank J. (Ipswich,
MA) |
Assignee: |
Chomerics, Inc. (Woburn,
MA)
|
Family
ID: |
23711731 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/431,389 |
Filed: |
January 7, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
439/66; 368/242;
349/152 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01R
13/2414 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01R
13/22 (20060101); H01R 13/24 (20060101); H01r
013/24 () |
Field of
Search: |
;339/59,DIG.3,61M |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 6, Nov., 1970,
"Extender-Type Pluggable Electrical Interconnector", by D. W.
Rice..
|
Primary Examiner: Lake; Roy
Assistant Examiner: Desmond; E. F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Brown; Donald Dike, Bronstein,
Roberts, Cushman & Pfund
Claims
I claim:
1. In an electrical system comrising first and second electrical
devices, each of said first and second electrical devices having a
plurality of spaced apart contacts, at least one of said plurality
of contacts comprising raised land portions, a one piece sheet
connector having elastomeric-like properties positioned between the
devices and overlapping superimposed contacts of said first and
second devices, means to compress the sheet connector between
superimposed contacts of said first and second devices on opposite
surfaces of said sheet connector, said sheet connector having a low
resistance through the volume between superimposed contacts where
compressed and a high resistance where not directly compressed
between said superimposed contacts so that each pair of
superimposed contacts are electrically isolated from every other
pair of superimposed contacts, said sheet connector of a thickness
X and has the property that when adjacent contacts on opposite
sides of said sheet are positioned as close as the distance X apart
and compression is applied by pressing superimposed contacts on
opposite sides of the sheet together, the resistance through the
sheet between superimposed contacts is low relative to the
resistance between adjacent contacts, where X is 5 to 100 mils and
said sheet connector comprises a homogeneous mixture of
electrically conductive particles and a non-conductive binder
material having elastomeric properties.
2. In a system according to claim 1 in which the system is an
electrical watch.
3. In a system according to claim 2 in which the first device is a
liquid crystal display.
4. In a system according to claim 1 in which the resistance through
the volume where compressed between superimposed contacts is less
than 10 ohms and wherein the resistance through the volume which is
not directly compressed between superimposed contacts is greater
than 10.sup.5 ohms.
5. In a system according to claim 1 wherein the resistance between
adjacent contacts compressively engaging the sheet is greater than
10.sup.5 ohms and wherein the resistance between superimposed
contacts is less than 10 ohms.
6. In a system according to claim 1 wherein the sheet is of a
thickness of 10 to 30 mils.
7. In the system of claim 1 in which said sheet connector includes
conductive particles which are nickel, said nickel partiles being
in the amount of 250 to 450 parts by weight based on 100 parts by
weight of the binder material.
8. In the system of claim 7 in which the thickness X is 10 to 30
mils and the maximum dimension of the nickel particles is 50 to 600
microns provided that the particle size is less than the thickness
of the sheet.
9. In the system of claim 8 in which the resistance through the
volume where compressed between superimposed contacts is less than
10 ohms and wherein the resistance through the volume which is not
directly compressed is greater than 10.sup.5 ohms.
Description
BACKGROUNG OF THE DISCLOSURE
This invention is directed to connectors useful for coupling
contacts of a first electrical device to the contacts of a second
electrical device.
It is still conventional practice to couple contacts of one device
to the contacts of a second device by soldering wires to the
contacts. More recently other schemes have been proposed such as a
plurality of electrically conductive plastic or rubber pads
supported by an insulator e.g., along slots on the sides thereof or
in holes formed therein. In this case the contacts of the devices
to be connected are positioned on opposite ends of the pads and the
assembly is then held together in a conventional manner.
While the aforementioned schemes are quite useful they are
expensive due to the costs associated therewith. Obviously
soldering is time consuming and thus labor costs are high. In the
second scheme manufacturing costs are high because of the steps
needed to construct the insulator support and to then fill the
slots or holes thereof in a molding process.
Accordingly a new and improved connector was needed which would be
comparitively inexpensive in terms of materials used as well as in
the cost of manufacture.
The present invention provides a connector which is both simple and
inexpensive to manufacturer and extremely simple to use in order to
couple contacts of one electrical device to contacts of a second
electrical device.
The connector of the present invention can be termed an electrical
insulator which becomes highly electrically conductive, i.e., has a
low resistance between volumes under compression but remains highly
electrically resistant, i.e., has a high resistance in the plane at
right angles to the compressed volumes.
Thus the present invention can be used as a sheet connector and
placed between aligned or superimposed contacts on either side of
the sheet. Upon application of low pressure, that is the squeezing
of the aligned contacts together to compress the volume of the
sheet connector therebetween the resistance between aligned
contacts drops sharply so that it is highly electrically conductive
whereas the resistance between adjacent contacts positioned along
the surface of the sheet connector or through the uncompressed
volume of sheet connector remains high, i.e., the resistance is so
high that it may be termed an insulator, and thus adjacent contacts
on the same side of the sheet are electrically isolated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
The connector of the invention in its preferred form comprises a
layer or sheet of material comprising a binder and electrically
conductive particles. The material is normally non-conductive and
could be termed an insulator. Upon application of pressure to
points on opposite sides of said material, the resistance of the
compressed volume between the points substantially decreases to
such a degree so that the connector is useful for electrically
coupling the points on opposite sides of said sheet to each
other.
In addition, if pressure is also applied as above to the same
material at points closely adjacent the first mentioned point the
resistance between the first mentioned and second mentioned points
remain high such that the first and second mentioned points are in
effect electrically isolated from each other.
In the preferred form of this invention the binder is of a low
durometer, such as between 30 to 60 durometers, with a durometer of
40 to 50 being most preferred so that it may easily be compressed
under pressure. In addition, the thickness of the layer or sheet of
material is preferably between 5 mils to 100 mils with a thickness
of 10 to 30 mils being preferred and a thickness of 15 to 25 mils
being most preferred so that the resistance switching effect under
pressure will readily manifest itself. If the material becomes too
thick, too much pressure is required to product the resistance
switching effect, and if the material is too thin then it is
difficult to work with.
The present invention discloses the use of nickel powder to produce
the above resistance switching and isolation effect. In particular
it has been found that the effect is reproducable by controlling
the amount of nickel relative to the binder between certain
limits.
In terms of parts by weight of nickel powder based on 100 parts by
weight (pbw) of the binder, the preferred range for nickel powder
is between 250 to 450 pbw, with 300 to 350 pbw being more preferred
and about 320- 330 pbw being most preferred.
In addition, the particle size in terms of its maximum dimension is
preferably between 50 to 600 microns with 75 to 300 microns being
more preferred and 125 to 175 microns being most preferred. In
addition, the particle size is preferably less then the thickness
of the layer or sheet of material so that the particles do not
extend above or below the plane of the layer or sheet of
material.
For example, with a sheet thickness of 20 mils it is preferred that
the particles be of a size of at least less than about 10 mils
(about 250 microns). The binder materials suitable for the practice
of the invention include materials having elastomeric-like
properties, e.g., elastomers such as silicone rubber, ethylene
propylenediene monomer, ethylene propylene monomer, BUNA N (nitrile
rubber), polyurethane rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, natural
rubber and neoprene rubber, or plastics, e.g., polyethylene,
polypropylene, etc., when modified with plastisizers.
In addition, the present invention does not preclude the use of
fillers, plasticizers, catalysts, accelerators, pigments, smoothing
agents commonly utilized in conductive plastics or elastomers such
as silica (useful for its mechanical binding properties) so long as
these materials do not severely affect the desireable properties of
the connector.
It should be understood that the connector of this invention need
not be in sheet form and can take many other physical shapes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a top view of a connector sheet or layer according to the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2--2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the connector layer or sheet having a
portion cutout therein prior to placement into the structure shown
in FIGs. 4-8;
FIG. 4 illustrates the sheet of FIG. 4 positioned between first and
second electrical devices such as a liquid crystal display and
circuit board;
FIG. 5 illustrates a watch containing the connector as well as the
other members shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken at line 6--6 in FIG. 5
illustrating pressure being applied to the connector sheet;
FIG. 7 is an alternate embodiment for supporting the connector
sheet in a watch or other device;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line 8--8 in FIG. 7; and
FIG. 9 illustrates schematically the physical properties of the
connector of this disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a layer or sheet of the connector material
10 which can in the configuration shown be placed between aligned
contacts of two electrical devices. When low pressure is applied
usually greater than 20 psi to less than about 500 psi, the sheet
will exhibit dramatically reduced resistance in the localized
volume between aligned contacts on either side of the sheet.
(The sheet of connector material is between about 5 to 100 mils in
thickness where the thickness X is shown in FIG. 9.)
The resistance of the material without pressure applied, i.e.,
between the bottom and top surfaces along the bottom or top surface
is greater than 10.sup.5 ohms, very often greater than 10.sup.6
ohms, and often greater than 10.sup.7 ohms.
With pressure applied such as by the pointed tips 11a and 11b (see
FIG. 2) of the probe of a Simpson Model 260 ohmeter at about 50 psi
pressure, the resistance between probe tips 11a and 11b for the
material at thickness of about 20 mils is less than 10 ohms and is
usually less than 1 ohm. At greater thicknesses proportionally
greater pressure is applied to reduce the resistance through the
material to less than 10 ohms. The Simpson 260 series ohmeter is
made by Simpson Electrical Company, Chicago, Illinois.
In FIG. 3 there is shown a cutout 12 in the sheet connector so that
the connector 10 may be positioned as shown in FIGS. 4-6 in a watch
or other electrical system to couple contacts 15a-15f of a first
electrical device 15 e.g., a liquid crystal display to the contacts
16a-16f of a second electrical device 16 such as a circuit board
supporting other circuitry not shown e.g., on the underside
thereof.
The circuitry may comprise circuit patterns, passive devices e.g.,
resistors, and active devives such as transistors to provide at
contacts 16a-16f etc., the signals to drive the liquid crystal
package via contacts 15a-15f, etc.
It should be quite ovbious to those skilled in the art that the
present invention in not limited to the interconnection of the
contacts of any specific or particular electrical devices and
accordingly the invention herein should be construed to cover the
interconnection of any types of electrical devices in which the
invention could obviously be utilized.
As may be seen in FIG. 6 the contacts 15a and 15b are shown aligned
with contacts 16a and 16b. Pressure is applied to the connector
sheet 10 by means of pressure snap means 19 of the watch casing
halves 17a and 17b. The application of pressure compresses the
volume of connector material between the aligned or superimposed
contacts e.g., 15a and 16a and causes the sheet to substantially
reduce its resistance e.g., through the volumes 10a and 10b. The
remainder of the connector sheet remains substantially high in
resistance and thus the resistance in the connector 10 volume
between contacts e.g., 15a to 15b, 16a to 16b, 15b to 15a, or 15b
to 16b remains high.
Therefore when current flows between contacts 15a and 15b it will
primarily flow in the connector material volume 10a and not be
dissipated by flowing through different pathways to the non-aligned
contacts 16a or 16b.
In FIGS. 7 and 8 there is shown a plastic frame 20 e.g., of
polypropylene for holding the connector sheets 10 (in the form of
strips) by way of a slot 20a formed in the frame. The frame 20 may
then be placed between the electrical devices of FIG. 4 to perform
the same function as the connector sheet having the cutout 12.
FIG. 9 illustrates in schematic form the use of the connector of
the invention. In this FIGURE the connector is in the form of a
sheet having a thickness X e.g., 20 mils and the contacts A,B,C,D
etc., to be interconnected are shown on opposite sides of the
sheet.
As may be seen contacts A and B are aligned or superimposed at
opposite sides of the sheet to compress a volume 10a therebetween
and contacts C and D are also aligned at opposite sides of the
sheet to compress another volume 10b of the sheet. The distance
between contacts A and C, and B and D along the surfaces of the
sheet are also set at a distance X e.g., 20 mils although obviously
this may vary.
Upon application of pressure e.g., 20 to 500 psi, via one or both
of the contacts A or B, or C or D, (which may for example be a
raised square or land and have an area of one-eighth inch by
one-eighth inch) in order to compress the volumes 10a and 10b the
resistance between contacts A to D or A to C is 10.sup.5 to
10.sup.8 ohms greater than the resistance between contacts A to
B.
Thus the volume 10c between the contacts remains high so as to
effectively electrically isolate the contacts D or C from contacts
A or B. Upon the application of pressure to compress the volume 10b
between contacts C and D sufficient current can be made to flow
between the + and - terminals of a source (e.g. a battery) to cause
an indicator light shown at 23 to illuminate. Obviously in place of
an indicator light other electrical devices may be supplied with
energy in a like manner.
The following examples illustrate the connector of the invention.
Unless otherwise indicated, all parts are parts by weight
(pbw).
EXAMPLE 1
A connector sheet is prepared from:
Dow Corning 440 Silicone Gum Rubber -- 100 pbw Cabosil MS 7 fumed
silica -- 12 pbw Nickel 00 224 powder -- 325 pbw supplied by
Ventron Corp. Beverly, Mass. Varox peroxide catalyst -- 1 pbw
The dry materials, that is the Varox, silica and nickel powder are
stirred together in a container to intermix them. Thereafter the
rubber gum is banded together at room temperature on a rubber roll
mill until a small bank is produced between the mill rolls. At this
time the dry intermixed materials are added to the silicone gum
before it proceeds through the rolls to force the dry materials
into the gum. The gum with the dry materials is periodically cut as
it comes out of the rolls and is refed through the rolls until a
homogenous mixture is obtained. Fifteen passes have been found to
be sufficient. The rolls of the mill are spaced apart to provide a
sheet of about 16 mil thickness. The sheet is then placed in a
compression mold at 4,000 psi pressure for 20 minutes at
325.degree. F to cure. The sheet is then post baked for 3 hours at
300.degree.F to complete the cure.
The sheet thus obtained has a thickness of about 16 mils.
EXAMPLE II
The formulation of Example I was used as was the prodecure of
Example I except that the following pigments were added to provide
color as well as to enhance the smoothness of the finished sheet
and to make it more sensitive to the application of pressure:
Iron oxide supplied by Harwick Chemical as Stan-tone Color D8201
red oxide -- 10 pbw Zinc oxide - XX4 supplied by New Jersey Zinc
Co. -- 10 pbw Cobalt pigment supplied by Harwick Chemical D4900
Blue -- 10 pbw
The sheet formed was also about 16 mils in thickness.
In tests with a Simpson 260 ohmeter using the probes thereof as in
FIG. 2 the resistance across the sheet in the absence of pressure
was greater than about 10.sup.7 ohms and the resistance through the
compressed volume between the probes at about 50 psi pressure was
less than 2 ohms.
EXAMPLE III
The followiwng ingredients are combined as per the procedure of
Example I except that the mill rolls are heated to 135.degree.F to
provide a sheet:
Epcar 306 supplied by B. F. Goodrich 100 pbw Agerite Resin D
supplied by Vanderbilt 1 pbw Zinc oxide 2 pbw Sunpar 2280 supplied
by Sun Oil Co. 2 pbw Stearic Acid 1 pbw Nickel 00224 powder - 100
mesh 325 pbw Varox Caralyst 8 pbw
EXAMPLE IV
The ingredients and procedure of Example III is used except that
100 parts by weight of CHEMIGUM N-300 (a nitrile rubber) supplied
by Goodyear was substituted for Epcar 306.
* * * * *