U.S. patent number 3,882,982 [Application Number 04/805,200] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-13 for method and apparatus for encouraging return of shopping carts.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Charles Cara. Invention is credited to Robert M. Smith.
United States Patent |
3,882,982 |
Smith |
May 13, 1975 |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENCOURAGING RETURN OF SHOPPING CARTS
Abstract
A method and apparatus for encouraging return of shopping carts
to the store including a detector and dispenser triggered by the
return of a shopping cart belonging to the store, the device having
a first photocell and light source detector which is sensitive to
reflective indicia mounted on shopping carts belonging to the
store. The first photocell is coupled to an ejector mechanism which
ejects a reward medium, such as a game contest piece, to a pickup
station. The piece at the pickup station interrupts the beam of
light trained on a second photocell to thereby disable the
dispenser until the piece is manually removed from the pickup
station. The reflective indicia may be colored and a filter
interposed before the second photocell.
Inventors: |
Smith; Robert M. (Daly City,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Cara; Charles (San Francisco,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
25190927 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/805,200 |
Filed: |
March 7, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
194/211;
250/222.1; 221/3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G07F
7/0627 (20130101); G07F 7/0636 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G07F
7/06 (20060101); G07F 7/00 (20060101); G07f
001/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;198/38 ;214/16.42
;246/2 ;221/13,2 ;194/4 ;250/221,222,219ID,219DC |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Knowles; Allen N.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Schapp and Hatch
Claims
I claim:
1. A device for detecting movement of shopping carts through a
location on a passageway and dispensing an article in response to
said movement, comprising
an indicia carried on each of the shopping carts to be
detected,
a detector for detecting movement of shopping carts carrying said
indicia through said location,
said detector comprising
a light source positioned to provide reflective light from said
indicia in a form discriminating from ambient light emanating from
said location,
a photosensitive cell located in position to receive said
reflective light and be selectively responsive to the light
reflected from said indicia, and
an electric circuit including said photosensitive cell and switch
means operated by said cell, and
a dispenser operatively associated with said circuit and its switch
means for dispensing an award medium in response to the operation
of the detector caused by movement of a shopping cart carrying said
indicia through said location,
said dispenser being located a sufficient distance from the
detector that a person pushing the shopping cart through the
detector location cannot reach the article dispensed without
continuing along the passageway beyond the operative location.
2. A device for shopping carts as described in claim 1, in which
means are provided in the passageway to prevent reversal of
movement of the shopping cart.
3. A device for shopping carts as discribed in claim 2, in which
sound means are also provided, said sound means being responsive to
the dispensing of a reward medium for signaling such operation to
the store personel.
4. A device for detecting movement of shopping carts through a
location on a passageway and dispensing an article in response to
said movement, comprising
an indicia carried on each of the shopping carts to be
detected,
a detector for detecting movement of shopping carts carrying said
indicia through said location,
said detector comprising
a light source positioned to provide reflective light from said
indicia in a form discriminating from ambient light emanating from
said location,
a photosensitive cell located in position to receive said reflected
light and be selectively responsive to the light reflected from
said indicia, and
an electric circuit including said photosensitive cell and switch
means operated by said cell, and
a dispenser operatively associated with said circuit and its switch
means for dispensing a reward medium in response to the operation
of the detector caused by movement of a shopping cart carrying said
indicia through said location, said dispenser being contained
within an enclosure and comprising
an ejector mechanism for moving a portion of reward medium from the
interior of said enclosure to a pickup station adjacent to the
exterior of said enclosure for removal by the person returning the
shopping cart, and
a disabling device operative to disable said dispenser during the
time said portion of reward medium remains at said pickup
station.
5. A device for shopping carts as described in claim 4 and wherein
said disabling device comprises a light source projected across the
path of said reward medium adjacent said pickup station so as to be
intercepted by said portion of said reward medium at said pickup
station, and a photosensitive cell disposed in the beam of light
from said light source which is interrupted by said portion of said
reward medium.
6. An apparatus for encouraging return of shopping carts,
comprising
identifying indicia mounted on the shopping carts,
a stationary detector positioned to scan shopping carts moved
therepast to detect said indicia,
a dispenser connected to said detector and operative upon
activation of said detector by said indicia to dispense a reward
medium, said dispenser being contained within an enclosure and
comprising
an ejector mechanism for moving a portion of reward medium from the
interior of said enclosure to a pickup station adjacent to the
exterior of said enclosure for removal by the person returning the
shopping cart,
and a disabling device operative to disable said dispenser during
the time said portion of said reward medium remains at said pickup
station.
7. An apparatus for encouraging return of shopping carts as
described in claim 6, and wherein said disabling device comprises a
light source for projecting a light beam in position to be
intercepted by said portion of said reward medium at said pickup
station, and a photosensitive cell disposed in said light beam and
effective during interception of the light beam by said reward
medium to cause said disabling of said dispenser.
8. An apparatus for encouraging return of shopping carts as
described in claim 7, and wherein said indicia is a reflective
surface mounted on the shopping cart and said detector comprises a
second light source for projecting a light beam in position to
impinge upon said indicia, and a second photosensitive cell aimed
to receive that portion of the light beam reflected from said
indicia.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENCOURAGING
RETURN OF SHOPPING CARTS, and more particularly to an acceptor
mechanism for detecting shopping carts belonging to a particular
store and rewarding their return to the store.
Retail stores have experienced mounting problems with removal of
shopping carts from the store premises. Measures for combating this
outflow have ranged from prominent warnings of criminal sanctions
to sending crews out with trucks to retrieve the carts from their
points of abandonment in the neighborhood. Devices for unpoliced
return of the carts have been proposed, such as radio receiver
range alarms, but have generally proven to be bulky, expensive and
unreliable. If store personnel attention is required to dispense a
reward for cart return, the solution is too expensive to be
attractive or feasible.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides an automatic detector and dispenser
responsive to inexpensive and unobtrusive indicia borne by the
shopping carts to reward their return. Customers will be advised of
the reward, which may be money or a contest game piece, or any
other suitable reward medium. They are thus encouraged to return
their cart to the store, and even to return any carts abandoned by
others.
On return, the customer rolls the cart through a designated
confined lane adjacent to the acceptor. Carts belonging to the
store have a reflective indicia, such as a piece of reflective
adhesive tape, affixed at a selected level above the floor. The
acceptor projects a beam of light positioned to strike the
reflective indicia at its selected level, and a photosensitive cell
in the acceptor receives the reflection from the indicia.
The photosensitive cell triggers the dispenser to eject a piece of
the reward medium from inside the acceptor to an exposed pickup
station, where the person returning the cart may grasp and remove
the piece. To prevent multiple actuation of the dispenser by one
cart, the piece of reward medium, on arrival at the pickup station,
interrupts a beam of light from a second light source to a second
photosensitive cell. Interruption of this second beam triggers a
disabling circuit which prevents further actuation of the dispenser
until the piece of reward medium is removed.
If the pickup station is located slightly forward on the acceptor,
the customer will have to roll the cart forward to reach the reward
piece, and the reflective indicia will thus be carried out of range
of the first light beam and photocell. If necessary, a one-way
turnstile mechanism may be installed in the return lane to prevent
the cart from being backed up to retrigger the acceptor. Further
protection against multiple actuation may be secured by coupling an
audible alarm, such as a gong, to the detector for sounding each
time the reflective indicia is detected. Too frequent sounding of
the gong would then indicate to store personnel the occurrence of
tampering with the acceptor by multiple actuation.
Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to
provide a shopping cart acceptor of the character described which
will automatically reward the return of shopping carts to the
store.
Another principal object of the present invention is to provide a
reliable foolproof method of automatically rewarding the return of
shopping carts.
It is a further principal object of the present invention to
provide a shopping cart acceptor of the character described which
will detect and respond only to those carts belonging to the
particular store.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a shopping
cart acceptor of the character described which will prevent
issuance of multiple rewards for the same cart on one return.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a
shopping cart acceptor of the character described which will fail
to respond to sham stimuli.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will appear
as the specification proceeds, and the new and useful features of
the shopping cart acceptor will be fully described in the claims
attached hereto.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The preferred form of the present invention is illustrated in the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the shopping cart acceptor of the
present invention, with a shopping cart shown in position to
activate the acceptor; and
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electronic circuit of the
acceptor, with certain mechanical parts shown schematically.
While only the preferred forms of the present invention have been
shown, it should be understood that various changes or
modifications may be made within the spirit of the claims attached
hereto without departing from the spirit of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings in detail it will be seen that the
apparatus for encouraging return of shopping carts of the present
invention includes a detecting and registration device or acceptor
11 for rewarding the return of a shopping cart 12 bearing an
identifying indicia 13. The acceptor 11 comprises a detector 14
adapted and mounted for scanning predetermined areas of the
shopping cart 12 for the presence of the indicia 13 and a dispenser
16 connected to the detector 14 for dispensing a reward medium 17
in response to detection of the indicia 13.
The indicia 13 provides a surface 18 having a light reflection
characteristic differing from that of the remainder of the portion
of the cart 12 scanned by the detector 14. As here shown, the
indicia 13 is a piece of material having a reflective surface, the
indicia being affixed to the cart 12 in a position to pass by the
detector 14 as the cart 12 is rolled along near the acceptor 11.
The indicia preferably is made of reflective tape 18, the surface
of which is a highly reflective medium so that it reflects more
light back to the detector 14 than do the remaining portions of the
cart 12 scanned by the detector 14. An example of such a reflective
tape would be the material Scotchlite, manufactured by the
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Corporation, which has a
reflective coating on a flexible plastic tape provided with
pressure-sensitive backing.
The detector 14 includes a light source 19 for emitting a beam of
light aimed at a station occupied by the indicia 13 as the shopping
cart 12 moves past the detector 14, and a photosensitive cell 21
aimed at the same station to receive the light reflected back by
the shopping cart 12 and its indicia 13. The reflective tape 18 may
if desired include a filter medium which imparts a characteristic
color to the light reflected by the tape 18. In that event, filter
22 which preferentially transmits the characteristic color created
by the tape 18 is interposed in the detector 14 to filter the light
reflected back to the photosensitive cell 21 before the light
impinges on the cell. The use of colored tape 18 and a filter 22
greatly increases the resistence of the detector to being triggered
by sham stimuli such as pocket mirrors or stray light sources such
as flashlights.
The dispenser 16 is contained within an enclosure 23 and holds a
stock of reward medium schematically indicated at 24 in FIG. 2. The
dispenser 16 includes an ejector mechanism generally schematically
indicated at 26 in FIG. 2 for moving a portion of the reward medium
17 from the interior of the enclosure 23 to a pickup station 27
adjacent to the exterior of the enclosure 23 for removal by the
person returning the shopping cart, and a disabling device 28
generally indicated in FIG. 2 which is operative to disable the
dispenser 16 during the time the portion of the reward medium 17
remains at the pickup station 27. The disabling device 28 includes
a light source 29 for projecting a light beam in a position to be
intercepted by the portion of the reward medium 17 at the pickup
station 27, and a photosensitive cell 31 disposed in a beam of
light from the light source 29 so that the reward medium 17 at the
pickup station 27 intercepts the light passing from the light
source 29 to the photosensitive cell 31 to cause the dispenser 16
to be disabled.
Line AC power is supplied to the circuit of FIG. 2 through a pair
of AC supply lines 32 fused by the appropriate fuses 33 and
controlled by an SPST on-off switch 34. A pilot light 36 indicates
that the acceptor circuits are supplied with power. The light
source 29 is a small low wattage lamp connected in parallel with
the AC supply lines 32. The photosensitive cell 31 is placed in
series with the AC supply lines 32 to control the flow of current
to the actuating coil of a relay 37. A diode 38 rectifies the power
supplied to the relay 37 and a capacitor 39 is connected in
parallel across the coil of the relay 37 to damp out transient
current and to provide a slight delay function. The contacts 41 of
the relay 37 switch one leg of the power supply line to the
electric motor 42 which drives the ejector mechanism 26. The
contacts 41 are "normally open," but they remain closed most of the
time, as the relay 37 is actuated at most times. Whenever no piece
of reward medium 17 is at the pickup station 27, the light from the
light source 29 falls on the photo cell 31, causing it to conduct
and pass current to the relay 37.
Turning now to the circuit of the detector 14, a transformer 43
provides power through one of its secondary windings for the light
source 19, and through another of its windings provides a low
voltage which is rectified by diode 44 and filtered by a capacitor
46 to provide the appropriate DC voltage for the transistor circuit
below. This low voltage DC is supplied to the photosensitive cell
21, which is preferably a cadmium sulfide photoresistive cell. Such
cells exhibit a lowered resistance when light impinges on them, so
that when light is reflected back from the indicia 13 to the
photosensitive cell 21 through the filter 22 a positive potential
is applied to the base of the NPN type transistor 53 through a
variable resistance 47 and a fixed resistance 52.
The variable resistance 47 operates as a sensitivity control to
adjust the response of the circuit to discriminate between the
amount of light reflected by the indicia 13 and the amount of light
reflected by other portions of the cart as they pass by the
photosensitive cell 21. The remaining resistors, 48, 49 and 51
constitute a voltage divider network leading to ground. The
positive potential on the base of the transistor 53 causes it to
begin conduction through its collector resistor 54 and its emittor
resistor 56, thereby lowering the potential on the base of a PNP
type transistor 57.
The negative potential on the base of the PNP type transistor 57
causes that transistor to begin conduction, with the current
flowing through a load resistor 58, the transistor 57, and on
through a diode 59 to charge a capacitor 61. The conduction of the
transistor 57 also places a positive potential on the base of an
NPN type transistor 62 through a bias network consisting of the
resistors 63 and 64, to cause the transistor 62 to begin
conduction. The conduction by the transistor 62 allows current flow
from the DC supply line 66 through the actuating coil of relay 67,
through the transistor 62, anad to ground through the resistor
51.
The relay 67 has a pair of normally open contacts 68 and 69, with
one pair of contacts 68 placed in series with the AC supply line to
the dispenser motor 42. The other pair of contacts 69 may be
utilized to supply power either as shown here from the DC supply
line 66 or from an appropriate AC supply line for any other desired
purpose coincident with the detection of the reflective indicia 13.
One such use for the contact 69 is shown here as an electric gong
71 which rings to indicate the reception of a proper cart.
Tampering with the mechanism and operation, such as by pulling the
cart back and forth in front of the detector 14 will then be
signalled by repetitive sounding of the gong 71 to alert store
personnel to the tampering.
If no portion of the reward medium 17 is presently at the pickup
station 27 to interrupt the light beam from the light source 29 to
photosensitive cell 31, then the relay 37 will have closed the
contacts 41 and the closure of the contact 68 upon actuation of the
relay 67 will complete the circuit of AC power supply to the
dispenser motor 42. That motor will then operate through drive
rollers schematically indicated as 73 in FIG. 2 to supply a portion
of the reward medium 17 to the pickup station 27. The arrival of
the portion of the reward medium 17 at the pickup station 27 will
block the path of the light from the light source 29 to the
photosensitive cell 31, interrupting the actuation of the dispenser
drive motor 42.
The capacitor 61 which was charged by the conduction of the
transistor 57 is blocked from discharge by the diode 59 and forced
to discharge through the resistor 63 and 64. It therefore operates
to hold the base of the transistor 62 positive for a period after
the transistors 53 and 57 again become non-conductive due to the
reflective indicia 13 having moved out of range of the
photosensitive cell 21. This delay is necessary to allow sufficient
time for the dispenser motor 42 to drive the portion of the reward
medium 17 to the pickup station in spite of the cart 12 and its
indicia 13 having moved on slightly forward and out of range of the
photosensitive cell 21. A diode 72 is placed in parallel with the
actuating coil of the relay 67 to prevent the transient current
upon actuation and deactuation of the relay 67 from feeding back
and influencing the behavior of the transistor circuit.
When the light falling on the photosensitive cell 21 falls below a
selected threshhold level determined by the setting of the variable
resistance 47, the base of transistor 53 is biased negative through
the resistors 47, 48, 49, 51, 52 and 56 causing the transistor 53
to cease conduction. The non-conduction of the transistor 53
renders the base of the transistor 57 more positive and causes that
transistor to cease conduction. The non-conduction of the
transistor 57 in turn removes the positive potential supplied to
the base of the transistor 62, leaving a positive potential
supplied the charge on the capacitor 61, until the capacitor 61 has
discharged through the bias network of the resistor 63 and 64. On
discharge of the capacitor 61, the base of the transistor 62 is
again biased negative to cut off its conduction and terminate
actuation of the relay 67, opening the contacts 68 and 69.
While a cascaded three-transistor amplifier for the photosensitive
cell 21 has been shown here, it must be appreciated that many other
amplifier circuits would be appropriate depending on the
characteristics of the particular photosensitive cell 21 selected
for use in the circuit. Also, either instead of or in addition to
the gong 71, the contact 69 of the relay 67 may be used to switch
other desirable devices such as a tape loop player which might bear
an advertising message or an instruction message instructing the
person returning the cart to remove the piece of reward medium 17
from the pickup station 27 and instructing the person what to do
with the piece of reward medium 17. Although the circuit of the
dispenser 16 possesses certain advantages of simplicity, it should
be appreciated that other photosensitive cells could be used in
place of the photosensitive cell 31 with appropriate amplifying
circuits to drive the relay 37 as necessary.
To bring the carts into the correct degree of proximity to the
acceptor mechanism 11 a pair of channeling guides 74 may be affixed
to the floor adjacent the acceptor 11 to provide a confining lane
for directing the shopping carts past the acceptor. If desired, a
turnstile mechanism 76 may be installed in the lane provided by the
channeling guide 74 to require one way passage of the cart 12 in
that portion of the lane in which the indicia 13 is detected by the
detector 14, so that reactuation of the detector 14 by means of
backing up the cart and pushing it forward again past the detector
is prevented. Any of a number of appropriate mechanisms, such as a
ratchet (not shown) may be used in conjunction with a rotating
multi-armed structure 77 adapted to be moved by the wheel of the
cart 12 in a counterclockwise direction as here shown, with the
ratchet mechanism preventing clockwise motion of the multi-armed
wheel 77. It is to be noted that the pickup station 27 is located
slightly forward on the acceptor mechanism 11, so that for maximum
convenience the returner of the cart will usually have to push the
cart forward some distance beyond the point at which the indicia 13
is detected by the detector 14 in order to conveniently remove the
piece of reward medium 17 from the pickup station 27. This forward
location of the pickup station 27 thus encourages the returner to
push the cart on forward so that he may pickup his piece of reward
mediums 17 and move the cart out of range of actuation of the
detector 14 by the indicia 13.
From the foregoing it may be seen that a shopping cart acceptor has
been provided which automatically rewards the return of the
shopping carts to the store by detecting and responding to the
carts belonging to that store. The acceptor is designed to prevent
issuance of multiple rewards of the same cart on one return and is
resistant to actuation by sham stimuli and to defeat of its purpose
by tampering.
* * * * *