U.S. patent number 3,882,855 [Application Number 05/414,909] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-13 for retractor for soft tissue for example brain tissue.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Heyer-Schulte Corporation. Invention is credited to Harold D. Portnoy, Rudolf R. Schulte.
United States Patent |
3,882,855 |
Schulte , et al. |
May 13, 1975 |
Retractor for soft tissue for example brain tissue
Abstract
A retractor for tissue comprising a deformable metal blade
having a pair of opposite faces and a peripheral edge bounding and
interconnecting the faces. A sheath comprising a flexible material
which is non-adherent to brain tissue, such as silicon elastomer,
includes a cover portion that covers at least part of the blade,
having an exposed bearing face for bearing against soft tissue,
such as brain tissue, and a flexible skirt portion extending from
the said cover portion and projecting beyond the peripheral edge.
The sheath may be reinforced by a mesh and have an irregular
surface, if desired.
Inventors: |
Schulte; Rudolf R. (Goleta,
CA), Portnoy; Harold D. (Bloomfield Hills, MI) |
Assignee: |
Heyer-Schulte Corporation
(Goleta, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
23643531 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/414,909 |
Filed: |
November 12, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/206; 600/203;
600/210 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61L
31/048 (20130101); A61L 31/06 (20130101); A61B
17/02 (20130101); A61L 31/125 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61L
31/12 (20060101); A61B 17/02 (20060101); A61L
31/04 (20060101); A61L 31/06 (20060101); A61b
017/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/20 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Laylon; Henry S.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Mon; Donald D.
Claims
We claim:
1. A retractor for tissue comprising: a deformable metal blade
having a pair of opposite faces and a peripheral edge bounding and
interconnecting said faces; and a sheath enveloping at least a part
of said blade, said sheath comprising a cover portion covering at
least said part of both faces of said blade and having an exposed
bearing face for bearing against brain tissue, and a skirt portion
extending from said cover portion and projecting to a free edge
beyond said peripheral edge, said portions comprising a material
which is non-adherent to brain tissue the skirt being thinner
adjacent to its free edge than it is adjacent to the peripheral
edge of the blade and being sufficiently flexible as to bend upon
contact with soft tissue such as brain tissue without cutting,
tearing, or bruising said tissue.
2. A retractor according to claim 1 in which the bearing face is
irregular in surface contour.
3. A retractor according to claim 1 in which the material is one
selected from the group consisting of silicone elastomer,
polyethylene, mylar, teflon and Kel-F.
4. A retractor according to claim 1 in which the material is
silicone elastomer.
5. A retractor according to claim 4 in which the cover portion
includes a mesh reinforcement which is contained within said
silicone elastomer.
6. A retractor according to claim 5 in which the mesh is
dacron.
7. A retractor according to claim 1 in which the sheath comprises a
pair of sheets of silicone elastomer, each overlaying a said part
of a respective face, and including an extension that projects
beyond said peripheral edge, said extensions being joined together
to form said skirt portion.
8. A retractor according to claim 7 in which the extension of one
layer projects farther beyond the peripheral edge than the
extension of the other layer, whereby the skirt is thicker adjacent
to the peripheral edge than at the free edge of the skirt.
9. A retractor according to claim 8 in which the bearing face is
irregular in surface contour.
10. A retractor according to claim 7 in which the cover portion
includes a mesh reinforcement which is contained within said
silicone elastomer.
11. A retractor according to claim 10 in which the mesh
reinforcement extends into the skirt portion.
12. A retractor according to claim 11 in which the bearing face is
irregular in surface contour.
Description
This invention relates to a retractor for tissue. Among other uses,
it is useful in the process of dissecting the brain during surgery
on the brain.
The usual method of protecting the brain when using brain
retractors is by padding the area with cottonoid paddies. The use
of such cottonoids poses significant problems. Among these is their
tendency to adhere to the brain tissue and cause bruising of the
underlying brain. Also, because cottonoids do not slide, it is
necessary to use numerous of them during a dissection, thereby
forming a wad beneath the retractor which can obscure the area
which must be visualized. Moving a retractor under these
circumstances is complicated by the necessity of concurrently
readjusting the position of these paddies. It is not infrequent
that the edge of a cottonoid paddy used to protect the leading edge
of the retractor may obscure the surgeon's vision, particularly
when working in a small area, and this is a hazardous situation.
Additionally, cottonoid paddies constitute a substantial hazard
when the surgeon is working with a drill, because they tend to
adhere to its rotating tip, and can then be whipped about, damaging
the surrounding tissues.
The foregoing problems and objections have been overcome by this
invention. This invention utilizes a deformable metal blade with a
sheath enveloping at least the part of it which contacts the
tissue. The sheath is made of a flexible material which is not
adherent to brain tissue. A flexible skirt portion of the sheath
projects beyond the peripheral edge of the metal blade. Silicone
elastomer, Kel-F, teflon, mylar, and polyethylene are examples.
When suitably wetted, a retractor covered with any of these
materials can readily be moved along the surface of brain tissue
without damaging it. Similarly, when a drill is used adjacent to
such materials, the materials will not adhere to the whirling tip
of the drill and will not be moved in such a manner as to damage
surrounding tissue.
The invention will be fully understood from the following detailed
description and the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an edge view, partly in cutaway cross-section, of the
presently preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of an alternate embodiment of the invention
with part of one of its cover portions and skirt portion removed
for purposes of illustration; and
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1.
The presently preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in
FIG. 1 wherein a retractor 10 for brain tissue is shown which
includes a deformable metal plate 11 having a pair of opposite
faces 12, 13 and a peripheral edge 14 which bounds and
interconnects faces 12 and 13. By "deformable" is meant an
inherently shape-retaining metal blade which is sufficiently
malleable that it can be bent to any shape desired by the surgeon.
An annealed iron plate is an example.
A sheath 20 envelops at least that part of the blade which is
intended to make contact with brain tissue. In most practical
embodiments, the entire plate will be enveloped. The sheath
includes a cover portion 21 which is defined as that portion of the
sheath which makes contact with the parts of the opposite faces of
the plate which are covered by the sheath. The cover portion
provides exposed bearing faces 22, 23. In the preferred embodiment
of the invention, as schematically shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 by
surface shading, the entire bearing surfaces are irregular in
surface contour. The irregularities may be formed by depressions
such as pits 24 in a regular pattern.
The sheath also includes a flexible skirt portion 30 which extends
from the cover portion. The skirt portion and cover portion are
preferably integral. The skirt portion projects beyond the
peripheral edge of the plate. As best shown in FIG. 4, it is
thicker adjacent to the peripheral edge than it is at its free edge
31. It may be said to be "feathered" at its edge.
While the sheath may be formed by dipping the metal plate into an
uncured silicone elastomer, and then curing it to the illustrated
shape, with or without using a mold, it may more readily be
constructed from a pair of sheets 35, 36, comprising a material
such as silicone elastomer, within which there are embedded
respective reinforced mesh reinforcements 37, 38, preferably of
woven dacron thread. The shape of this weave will cause the pits in
the bearing surface already described when the coating of the
silicone elastomer over the mesh is suitably thin. The mesh
reinforcement is optional. Sheets of material without reinforcement
may be used instead.
The sheets include extensions 39, 40 which project beyond the
peripheral edge. They are joined beyond the peripheral edge by
adhesives or the like to form the skirt portion. Sheet 36 projects
farther from the peripheral edge than sheet 35. By this means, the
thickness of the skirt portion is greater adjacent to the
peripheral edge than it is at the free edge 31 of the skirt, at
least by the difference of thickness of one of the sheets.
The sheets are shown tapered at their edges, which accentuates the
difference in thickness, and makes the edges more flexible. Instead
of a tapered edge as illustrated, the edges may be cut square as by
a shear. The objective of flexibility will still be attained. In
the drawings, especially in FIG. 4, the thickness of the sheath has
been exaggerated compared to the thickness of the metal plate. In
practice, the metal plate may be on the order of 0.020 inch thick,
while the sheets 35 and 36 may each be on the order of
approximately 0.005 inch. The free edge of sheet 36 may project
approximately 3mm beyond the peripheral edge, and the free edge of
sheet 35 approximately 1.5mm beyond the peripheral edge. The
thickness of the sheath adjacent to the peripheral edge will
therefore be about 0.010 inch, and at the free edge about 0.005
inch (and less if tapered as shown).
The material of the sheath must be non-adherent to brain tissue,
and in thin sections sufficiently flexible as not to cut or tear
soft tissue, such as brain tissue, and to bend to spread the force
exerted by the surgeon over a substantial area. This, of course,
excludes unyielding metal surfaces which do not deflect to spread
the applied force. Many materials have the property of
non-adherence and inherent flexibility. An elastomer seems to
provide this property better than most other substances, and the
preferred elastomer is medical grade silicone elastomer. The
hardness of the elastomer is selected relative to the dimensions of
the skirt portion so the skirt portion is unlikely to damage the
brain tissue. Generally, it will be sufficiently rigid to tend to
return to its original shape, but not so unyielding as to bruise or
to cut the tissue. The dacron mesh reinforcement resists tearing of
the sheath and provides the surface irregularity already
mentioned.
In addition to elastomers, other sterilizable materials may also be
used which are non-adherent to brain tissue, and flexible in the
dimensions used, and will not bruise or cut the tissue. Other
suitable materials are the fluorinated hydrocarbons known as
teflon, mylar and Kel-F, and polyethylene. Therefore, the material
may advantageously be one selected from the group consisting of
silicone elastomer, polyethylene, mylar, teflon and Kel-F.
FIG. 3 shows an attachment rod 45 attached to the metal plate 46 of
retractor 47, and projecting beyond its sheath 48. This rod is
attached to the plate by weld 49. In use, it can be attached to a
mounting means to hold the retractor in place. The retractor of
FIG. 1 is intended to be hand-held, and the retractor of FIG. 3 is
intended to be held by an implement. The invention is suited for
use in both ways. The retractor of FIG. 3 is identical to that of
FIG. 1, except for the attachment rod. Part of one of the sheets
has been removed in FIG. 3 to illustrate the attachment of the rod
to the plate. It is, of course, provided in the complete
device.
In use, the padded retractor is wetted and used with a thin strip
of material which will not adhere to brain tissue, such as silicone
elastomer. A wetted strip of this material is placed as far forward
as possible toward the area to be exposed, and the retractor of the
invention is then used to elevate the brain, after which tension
may be released and the retractor slid forwardly, using the strip
as a fulcrum. When the desired dissection has been completed, a
retractor provided with means such as shown in FIG. 3 may be
substituted for the hand-held retractor to hold it in place during
the remainder of the operation.
Of major importance to this invention is the fact that the material
of the sheath does not include fibrous portions which can adhere to
and abrade tissue of the brain, nor will it adhere to or be grabbed
by a rotating driill tip. It is readily sterilizable. The flexible
skirt portion enables the retractor readily to be moved into
restricted areas, and to bend to avoid bruising the brain tissue.
The metal blade provides adequate support for the sheath.
The size of the metal blade is variable. In an example such as FIG.
3, a blade 1/2 inch wide by 21/2 inches long is suitable, while in
a device according to FIG. 2, one as long as 7 inches and
approximately 5/8 inch wide may be utilized. The material may be
soft malleable iron, or any other suitably deformable metal.
This invention is not to be limited by the embodiments shown in the
drawings and described in the description, which are given by way
of example and not of limitation, but only in accordance with the
scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *