U.S. patent number 3,882,817 [Application Number 05/432,504] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-13 for doctor blade assembly.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Black Clawson Company. Invention is credited to Stanley C. Zink.
United States Patent |
3,882,817 |
Zink |
May 13, 1975 |
Doctor Blade Assembly
Abstract
A doctor blade assembly for paper coaters and gravure rolls and
other doctor blade applications includes a cantilever-support blade
controlled by a tube-type actuator. The tube has a collapsible wall
section adjacent the blade and a blade-engaging extension which
bears against the blade between its supported and free end. In one
embodiment, a transversely movable profile adjuster or series of
profile adjusters are disclosed which selectively apply side forces
to the wall section of the tube to permit corresponding selective
pressure adjustments on the blade, for the purpose of reducing or
eliminating localized coating non-uniformities. A novel blade
retention assembly permits the clamping of blades of varying
thicknesses and includes one or more transversely positioned
magnets for temporarily retaining the blade on the support. An
opposing clamp is formed with an elastomeric pad or expandable tube
which engages the blade adjacent its inner edge and which forces or
urges the blade downwardly against a machined seat to assure proper
seating. In a further embodiment, a twin blade coater is disclosed
in which the tips of the blades are independently rotatable about a
common axis and which utilize a pair of the tube-type actuators
connected to a common pressure source.
Inventors: |
Zink; Stanley C. (Fulton,
NY) |
Assignee: |
The Black Clawson Company
(Middletown, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
23716437 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/432,504 |
Filed: |
January 11, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
118/126;
118/122 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D21H
25/10 (20130101); B05C 11/042 (20130101); B41F
9/1045 (20130101); D21H 5/0065 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41F
9/10 (20060101); B41F 9/00 (20060101); B05C
11/04 (20060101); B05C 11/02 (20060101); B05c
011/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;118/122,123,126,413,261
;117/12L,64R,64C ;15/256.6,256.51 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kaplan; Morris
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Biebel, French & Bugg
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a blade type coater in which a cantilever-supported blade is
urged against a moving web to control the weight of the coating
applied thereto, the improvement comprising a transversely
elongated flexible tube, means supporting said tube adjacent said
blade between the supported end and the free end thereof, said tube
being formed with a collapsible wall section adjacent said blade
and a blade-engaging extension which is formed with an integral
part of said wall section, said extension being movable by said
wall section transversely of said tube upon the application of
fluid pressure thereto and engageable with said blade at a
relatively fixed location on said blade, the effective area of said
wall section subject to pressure remaining substantially constant
with movement of said wall section, and the location on said blade
upon the application of force by said extension remaining
substantially constant so that the weight of coating applied varies
approximately as an inverse function of fluid pressure applied to
said tube, and pressure regulating means for applying a regulated
fluid pressure source to the interior of said tube.
2. The coater of claim 1 further comprising a second said
cantilever-supported blade positioned to engage said web at the
opposite surface thereof and at a diametrically opposed position
relative to the first blade, and a second said flexible tube having
its extension positioned to engage said second blade in the same
manner as defined in claim 1, each of said tubes being connected to
said pressure source so that each of said blades are thereby
affected uniformly and urged with equal force against said web.
3. In a blade type coater, a transversely elongated
cantilever-supported blade, a transversely elongated tube, means
supporting said tube adjacent said blade between the supported end
and the free end thereof, said tube having a flexible, collapsible
wall section adjacent said blade, a transversely extending
blade-engaging extension formed substantially centrally of said
wall section and movable by said wall section upon the application
of fluid pressure thereto and engageable with said blade at a
relatively fixed location on said blade, the effective area of said
wall section subject to pressure remaining substantially constant
with movement of said wall section, and the position of said
extension on said blade upon the application of pressure to said
tube remaining substantially constant so that the weight of coating
applied varies approximately as an inverse function of fluid
pressure applied to said tube, and pressure regulating means for
applying a regulated fluid pressure source to the interior of said
tube.
4. In a blade doctor assembly, a blade, means supporting said blade
at one end, a flexible tube, means supporting said tube extending
adjacent said blade between the supported end and the free end
thereof, said tube being formed with a collapsible wall section
adjacent said blade and a blade-engaging extension which is formed
as an integral part of said wall section, said extension being
positioned centrally of said wall section and movable by said wall
section upon the application of fluid pressure to said tube and
engageable with said blade at a relatively fixed location on said
blade, the effective area of said wall section subject to pressure
remaining substantially constant with movement of said wall
section, and the location on said blade upon the application of
force by said extension remaining substantially constant so that
the doctoring effort of said blade is a direct function of air
pressure applied to said tube, and air pressure regulating means
for applying a regulated air pressure source to the interior of
said tube.
5. The assembly of claim 4 further including means for making
profile corrections in blade doctoring forces, comprising at least
one adjustable means engageable with said wall section at opposite
sides of said extension for confining said wall section at a
selectable transverse location to urge said extension against said
blade with a force which exceeds that applied by the fluid pressure
alone.
6. A blade type coater having improved sensitivity and blade wear
compensation, comprising a doctor blade, means supporting said
blade along one transverse edge thereof, said blade having a free
doctoring edge, a transversely elongated tube-type fluid pressure
actuator, said actuator having a relatively rigid back and having a
front wall section which is movable from a retracted,
partially-folded condition in which a portion thereof lies in close
proximity to said back and an extended, substantially rounded
condition with the application of fluid pressure thereto, a
transversely elongated blade-engaging extension formed as an
integral part of said wall section and movable therewith, means
supporting said actuator with said extension in engagement with
said blade between its supported edge and free edge to urge said
blade with increasing doctoring effort with extending movement of
said wall section, the region of engagement of said extension on
said blade remaining relatively fixed with changes in fluid
pressure in said actuator, and means for applying fluid under
regulated pressure to said actuator to control the weight of
coating and to compensate for wear of said blade.
7. The coater of claim 6 further comprising an adjuster for
effecting profile corrections, means mounting said adjuster on said
blade support means, said adjuster having a movable portion
engageable with said actuator at said wall section to apply a force
thereto at a localized region thereof in a direction normal to the
transversely-elongated direction of said actuator, said adjuster
being effective to cause said extension to be urged with somewhat
increased force at said localized region against said blade.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to the positioning and control of
doctor blades such as used with coaters, gravure rolls, or the
like.
In coating apparatus, it is important that the doctor blade be
precisely positioned and that the force applied to the blade be
accurately controllable in order to regulate the amount of material
which is doctored by the blade. Most commonly such blades are used
to control the weight of coating material which is applied to a
moving web of paper.
In the past, it has been found advantageous to support a doctor
blade at one end and to apply a controlled force between its
supported end and its free end by the direct application thereto of
one wall of an elastic tube, to which a fluid pressure is applied.
A successful embodiment is shown in the U.S. patent of Coghill U.S.
Pat. No. 3,131,092 of 1964, assigned to the same assignee as this
invention.
Among the references which were cited by the Examiner, during the
prosecution of Coghill, the French Pat. No. 1,202,424 of 1959 (and
its corresponding British Pat. No. 863,426 ) may be cited out as
showing a typical example of apparatus for applying a
blade-controlling force by means of the direct contact of one wall
of a flexible elastomeric tube against the back side of the blade
between its fixed support and its free end. Somewhat similar
arrangements are shown in the U.S. patent of Faber, U.S. Pat. No.
3,026,824 and Krautzberger U.S. Pat. No. 3,722,465 of 1973. The
latter additionally employs a thin leaf spring between the tube and
the blade to compensate for a stated lack of uniformity of force by
reason of irregularities or lack of uniformity in the wall
thickness of the force-applying tube.
The above described arrangements, and other like them, in which a
tube effectively rests against the back surface of a blade, while
generally successful, suffer from the fact that the weight of
coating which is applied is often a non-linear function of the air
pressure within the tube. One reason for this is that the tube may
be operated in an elastic mode rather than in a partially collapsed
mode, and therefore the modules of the tube must be considered.
Another factor is that inherently the contact region between the
tube and the blade changes in location and in area during different
operating conditions. For example, once the blade is in contact
with the roller or the web, increasing the pressure will
necessarily cause the adjacent wall of the tube to flatten, and at
the same time, will cause the doctor blade to bend somewhat. Thus,
even though the movement of the tube wall may be considered as
being a function of air pressure (which it usually is not) the
changes in relative contact area and position necessarily result in
a non-linear relationship.
One of the Coghill references, namely the U.S. patent of Fuchs U.S.
Pat. No. 2,920,557 of 1960, shows an arrangement for doctoring a
gravure roller which is intended to provide a more linear
relationship between air pressure and blade doctoring effort, and
includes, in one embodiment, a tube acting upon a transverse series
of individual plungers, the remote ends thereof making the contact
with the blade. In another embodiment, the plungers themselves are
operated from individual folding cylindrical diaphragms, and in
either case the effort was to provide a uniform relation. While
this arrangement is theoretically possible, it suffers adversely in
the complexity of the parts, requiring the individual plungers. It
also suffers from the fact of inherent non-uniformity in the
transverse direction due again to the large number of individual
plungers positioned in side-by-side relation, and which lack the
continuous contact afforded by the direct contacting flexible
tube.
Flexible tubes have also been used in blade clamps and have been
used in pivot-supported blades as shown in the U.S. patents of
Curtis U.S. Pat. No. 2,445,135 of 1948, Allison U.S. Pat. No.
3,085,275 of 1963 and Winterburn U.S. Pat. No. 3,748,686 of
1973.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect of this invention, many of the difficulties and
deficiencies of the prior cantilever-supported and tube-actuated
blades are overcome by the provision of an elongated flexible tube
member which is formed with a flexible, collapsible wall section
positioned adjacent the blade and which is integrally formed with a
blade-engaging extension which engages the blade at a defined
location or region. The flexible wall section acts similarly to a
rolling diaphragm actuator except that it is transversely uniform
throughout the length of the tube and thus presents, in the manner
of a diaphragm actuator, a relatively constant area to the
application of fluid pressure. Thus, the force exerted by the
flexible wall section varies uniformly with air pressure applied to
the tube. It is always operated in a partially collapsed state;
that is it is never operated to the point where the tube itself
becomes elastically expanded.
The integral extension which is formed on the flexible wall thus
defines and predetermines the contact region on the blade. Since
this remains constant, a fluid pressure operated doctor arrangement
is provided in which the weight of coating or the amount of ink
doctored on an etched roller, is a direct function of air pressure
applied to the tube.
Accordingly this invention lends itself to automatic control, in
effect, "closing the loop" of a control system, by applying
pressure from a controllable regulated source of fluid pressure. In
addition, a further advantage resides in the fact that an increased
extent of overall blade movement is provided over that of the prior
flexible tube arrangements.
One of the important advantages of the present invention is that
the elastomeric linear actuator which is used provides for a
relatively long stroke and accordingly provides for an increased
wear compensation as compared to the coaters in which one wall of
the tube itself is used for blade pressure control. Additionally,
the arrangement provides improved sensitivity of blade control at
lower air pressures.
A further feature of the invention includes an improved arrangement
for making profile adjustments at transverse locations on the
machine. A special profile adjuster is disclosed which applies
localized side forces to one or both walls of the tube-type
adjusters, to cause the material on the adjusters to bear with
greater force against the blade, for the purpose of making
localized adjustments in the weight of coating, such as for
removing heavy streaks of coating.
The coater blades are mounted so that they may be adjusted in angle
about an axis which passes substantially through the free end of
the blade. This mounting arrangement may be the same as that which
has been disclosed for rotating an air knife about the region of
impingement in the U.S. patent of Phelps, U.S. Pat. No. 2,981,224
of 1969 assigned to the same assignee as this invention.
A further aspect of the invention provides a twinblade coater in
which a pair of blades are positioned at opposite sides of a web
with the tips thereof forming a common apex. The tube-type
actuators are employed for each blade connected to a common source
of air pressure. Additionally, mounting means are provided by which
the blades are each adjustable through an axis in common with the
apex.
In another aspect of the invention, an improved blade seating and
holding arrangement is provided by means of which the doctor blade
is temporarily supported in the holder and then is clamped into a
predetermined seated relation on a machined surface. The temporary
holding means comprises one or more transversely arranged magnets
which clamp the metal blade and retain it in approximate position.
When a relatively movable holding clamp comes in, a transverse
elastomeric pad or tube engages the blade just above the machined
ledge and when clamping pressure is applied, as by closing the
clamp or inflating the tube a downward component of force is
applied to assure that the blade fully seats against its mating
surface.
It is accordingly an important object of this invention to provide
an apparatus which uniformly controls the force of a doctor
blade.
Another important object is the provision of a doctor blade
actuator, as outlined above.
A still further object is the provision of a tubeactuator provided
with a flexible wall and an extension so that the region of force
application to a cantilever-supported blade does not change and so
that the applied force is a substantially uniform function of
applied fluid pressure.
Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved
arrangement for retaining and holding a doctor blade, in which a
blade seating force is applied to the blade by the blade clamp and
in which blades of differing thicknesses may be accommodated.
A further object is the provision of a twin-blade coater in which
each blade is acted upon by a tube-type actuator, as defined above.
In addition, the blades are mounted for adjusting angular movement
about an axis which includes the apex formed by the blades.
Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved
profile adjuster which is movable transversely of the width of the
machine and which provides for varying the force of the blade at
localized regions by applying pressure to the flexible wall of the
tube actuator.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be
apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawings,
and the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an end elevation, partially in section, of a blade coater
constructed according to this invention;
FIG. 2 is a transverse fragmentary section of a portion of the
coater of FIG. 1 showing the actuator in the fully retracted
position;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary cross section showing the
actuator in engagement with the doctor blade in an intermediate
position;
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 but showing the actuator in its
fully extended position;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary isometric view of the actuator showing the
connection to the regulated air pressure;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary section showing a modified blade
clamping arrangement;
FIG. 7 is a broken away front elevation of a modification of the
coater, providing for profile adjustments;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged side view of one of the profilers;
FIG. 9 is the diagram of the invention as applied to a twin blade
coater; and
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary detail of the pivotal structure for
supporting the blades of the embodiment of FIG. 9.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring first to FIG. 1, a blade type coater is shown in which a
doctor blade 10 is cantilever-supported and is urged against the
exposed surface of a moving web 12, supported on a backing roll 13.
The arrangement shown in this embodiment is thus essentially the
general type of coater as described in the Coghill patent above.
The coating material may thus be supplied from any suitable
downstream chamber or roll applicator. Also, a fountain applicator
may be employed as described in the U.S. patents of Coghill, U.S.
Pat. Nos. 3,418,970 and 3,521,602. Additionally, the blade 10 may
be employed to doctor ink off of an etched gravure roller or may
consist of a roll cleaning doctor.
Blade supporting means includes a relatively fixed
transversely-elongated blade support member 15. A movable clamp
member 16 is adjustable mounted on pivotally mounted arms 18. The
arms 18 turn about pivots 20 as shown in FIG. 1. A fixed support 25
provides support for both the fixed blade support member 15 and the
arms 18, and also supports a diaphragm type motor 26. The rod end
27 on the motor is connected to apply a closing force to the clamp
member 16. It is understood that two or more fixed supports 25 and
motors 26 are positioned transversely on the coater with associated
arms 18 to provide opening and closing movements to the clamp
member 16.
One of the aspects of the present invention relates to means by
which the blade 10 is fixed in predetermined alignment. The clamp
member 16 and the fixed blade support 15 together comprise one
embodiment of an improved blade holder assembly for a flexible
coater blade. The support member 15 is formed with a
blade-receiving wall 30 for supporting one surface of the metallic
blade 10. The wall 30 is terminated in a machined ledge 32, as
shown in FIG. 2, for receiving the bottom edge of the blade 10.
Means for temporarily supporting the blade 10 against the wall 30
prior to the closing of the clamp includes a transverse series of
individual magnets 35. The magents 35 may be ringshaped and
received in recesses formed in the member 15 and retained by
retainer screws 36.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2 the movable clamp member 16 is provided
with a transversely extending elastomeric blade engaging pad 40.
The pad 40 extends continuously the width of the member 16 and is
positioned to engage the opposite surface of the blade 10 adjacent
the ledge 32 upon closing movement of the clamp 16 as caused by the
diaphragm motors 26. The pivot point 20 of the arms 18 is shown as
being transversely offset with respect to the plane of the wall 30
so that when the pad 40 comes into engagement with the blade 10,
the closing force is accompanied by a downward component of force
which tends to urge the blade 10 firmly against the seat or ledge
32. In this manner, the blade 10 is held by compressive force on
the pad 40 against the wall 30 and in engagement with the ledge 32.
The compressive force is uniform through out the width of the
coater and therefore any tendency for warpage of the blade 10 is
eliminated.
It is understood that either member 15 or 16 may be the moving or
clamping member. Also, the arrangement automatically accommodates
blades of differing thicknesses, such as .010 , .020, or .030 inch
thicknesses, for example.
In changing or inserting a blade, the member 16 is retracted on the
arms 18 and the blade is inserted against the wall 30 and on the
ledge 32. It is retained by the magnets 35. The clamp member 16 is
then brought into the closed position shown in FIG. 2 and a
clamping or closing force is applied by the motors 26. Since the
pivot point 20 on the arms 18 is offset with respect to the plane
of the wall 30, a downward component of force is applied to the
blade 10 by the pad 40 causing the blade to be firmly set on the
ledge 32 and thus precisely located.
In FIG. 6 there is illustrated a somewhat modified arrangement for
clamping and supporting the blade 10. Instead of the pad 40, a
modified tube support or clamp member 15' is provided with a
semi-cylindrical recess to receive a conventional clamping tube 42.
The tube 42 may be of the general type shown in the Coghill patent
and identified therein by reference number 27. However, the tube
support 15' is relieved as indicated at 43 adjacent the lower edge
of the tube so that the force exerted by the tube is both outward
and somewhat downward in relation to the plane of the blade 10,
thus causing the blade to be firmly urged against the seat 32 as in
the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2.
As previously mentioned, the clamping arrangement of this invention
provides a cantilever-supported blade which, in the embodiment of
FIG. 1, is urged against the web 12 to control the weight of the
coating applied thereto. Thus, certain considerations become
important. First, it is desirable that the blade 10 be controlled
with precision and it is further desirable that the position of the
blade be controlled to make up and compensate for blade wear. Since
coatings are inherently abrasive, the blade 10 will wear and thus
it is important that wear compensation be provided without
substantially changing the characteristics of the coater. In this
connection, it is preferred that the blade support assembly,
including the parts 25, 15, and 16, be mounted on cross-machine
supports which permit the blade 10 to be changed in angular
relation to the web 12. The mounting preferred is that shown in the
above-identified Phelps patent for an air doctor, which permits the
blade to be pivoted about an axis coinciding with its free or
web-engaging edge.
The doctor blade of this invention includes a
transversely-elongated flexible tube-type actuator indicated
generally at 50. The actuator is mounted on the clamp member 16 by
a transverse support 52, the position of which is adjustable by a
series of individual micrometer adjusters 55.
The support 52 is provided with a forwardly-opening,
transversely-elongated support channel 58 which receives and
supports at the actuator 50. It is understood that the actuator
tube is hollow and is adapted to receive fluid pressure therein. It
is formed with a relatively thick and semi-rigid back 60 which is
received within the channel 58. The actuator 50 is further provided
with a collapsible front wall section 62 which is positioned
adjacent the front surface of the blade 10. The wall section 62 is
movable between a retracted, partially-folded condition as shown in
FIG. 2 in which it lies in close proximity to the back 60, to an
extended and substantially rounded condition as shown in FIG. 4
when fluid pressure is applied thereto. The actuator 50, in effect,
forms a transversely-elongated bellows type linear actuator, and it
is operated with the wall section 62 always in a state of flexure,
and not in a stretched state.
The wall section 62 is formed with a blade-engaging extension 65
formed integrally therewith and terminated in transverse serations
66. The extension 65 is formed substantially centrally on the wall
section and is thus movable with the wall section 62. Only the
extension 65 engages the blade 10, and as shown, it engages the
blade between its supported and free ends to apply a doctoring
force thereto. A suitable source for the actuator tube material
consists of pressure seal PRS-581 of Presray Corporation, 159 Maple
Blvd., Pawling, New York 12564.
Since the actuator 50 is always operated in a flexed condition, the
effective area of the wall section 62 which is subject to pressure
with the tube reamins substantially constant with the movement of
the wall seciton. Additionally, the location of engagement of the
extension 65 on the blade 10 remains substantially constant. In
this manner, the doctoring effort of the blade 10 varies
approximately as a direct function of fluid pressure, and the
weight of coating varies approximately as an inverse function of
pressure.
As shown in FIG. 5, the ends of the acuator 50 are closed and a
regulated source of fluid pressure through a pressure regulator 70
is applied substantially at the center of the actuator through an
inlet fitting 72. Preferably, air is used although other sources of
fluid pressure, even a liquid with an accumulator, could be
used.
The actuator arrangement of the present invention provides for
precise control. For example, 2 P.S.I. of pressure may be used to
bring the extension 65 into contact with the blade 10. Another 2 to
3 pounds of pressure may be employed to extend the actuator to its
full stroke as shown in FIG. 4. The use of an actuator having a
folded or folding wall permits up to a three-quarter inch stroke,
which is substantially more than can be achieved by using the wall
of a rounded tube as an actuator. In addition, the location of
engagement of the actuator with respect to the blade remains
constant for any engagement condition. Thus, the doctoring force
may be increased or decreased without any change in contact
position or area, providing for precise control. If desired, the
regulator 70 may be automatically controlled by downstream sensors
to regulate the weight of coating.
In some instances it may be desirable to apply a localized
correcting pressure to the doctor blade 10 in order to eliminate a
wet area or streaking or other cross-machine coating
irregularities. For this purpose, there is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 a
profile arrangement by means of which localized pressure may be
applied to the blade at selected transverse locations to cause the
blade to engage the web with a force which somewhat exceeds that
effected by the fluid pressure alone. For this purpose, a modified
combined clamp and tube support 80 may be used which serves both as
the blade clamping member 15 as identified above and as the support
and backing member for the tube 50. The support 80 is shown as
having a wall support section 82 which is in partial engagement
with one of the side walls 62 of the tube 50 but which permits the
walls to flex outwardly freely to bring the extension 65 into
engagement with the blade.
A transversely movable profile assembly 85 is mounted on the member
80 and is adjustably supported thereon by a clamp portion 86
engaging an L-shaped support 87. The profile assembly 85 includes
an adjustable pivotally mounted finger 90 which has an extended end
92 which engages the opposite flexible wall of the tube 50. The
force by which the end 92 engages the tube may be regulated by a
thumb screw 95. When it is desirable to apply a corrective or
profile force, one or more of the assemblies 85 may be attached to
the support 80 and the finger 90 brought into position. The force
exerted by the finger 90 against the combined wall sections of the
tube 50 causes the tube in the localized transverse region to be
urged outwardly against the blade with a force which is greater
than that which would be effected by the fluid pressure alone. The
profile assembly 85 may have any convenient width, such as, for
example, 4 inches, and several may be used at one time, if
required.
The precise control which is afforded by the present invention
particularly adapts the same to a twin blade coater, as
diagrametically illustrated as FIGS. 9 and 10. A pair of identical,
diagrametically-opposite flexible blades 100 and 102 are supported
on identical holder assemblies 105, which may be as described above
in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 or FIGS. 7 and 8. Each of the
blades 100 and 102 is operated by a separate pressure actuator 50
constructed as previously described. The actuators 50 are connected
to a common source of fluid pressure as diagrametically illustrated
by the lines 110. The blades 100 and 102 form a common apex and
thus simultaneously engage the opposite surfaces of the moving web
115 which has been run through a coating bath 118. It is critically
important that the position of the blades 100 and 102 be maintained
so that the forces across the blades are balanced and so that the
tips of the blades form a true apex with respect to the web 115.
The employment of the sensitive actuator as described and the use
of a common source of air pressure assures that each blade 100 and
102 will be acted upon with the same force.
It is also important that the blades 100 and 102 be mounted so that
they can be pivoted about a common axis which includes the apex or
tips of the blade, independently of each other, such as through a
15.degree. angle for example. One suitable arrangement for this is
to provide blade support arms 120 and 121, at the extreme sides of
the machine, with a common pivot 124. The pivot axis defined by the
pivot 124 is substantially coincident with the apex 125 formed by
the blades. In this manner, proper coincidence of the blades is
assured throughout adjustments in angularity with respect to the
web 115.
While the forms of apparatus herein described constitute preferred
embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the
invention is not limited to these precise forms of apparatus, and
that changes may be made therein without departing from the scope
of the invention.
* * * * *