U.S. patent number 3,881,976 [Application Number 05/333,439] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-06 for fiber bundles for ornamental display devices and method of making same.
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Optical Corporation. Invention is credited to James A. Jones.
United States Patent |
3,881,976 |
Jones |
May 6, 1975 |
Fiber bundles for ornamental display devices and method of making
same
Abstract
A bundle of optical fibers for use in the manufacture of an
ornamental bouquet, lamp or like device. A ribbon or juxtaposed
fibers is formed with its fibers secured together along a strip
extending across the width of the ribbon intermediately of its
opposite ends. The ribbon is rolled laterally to bundle the fibers
together and ends of the fibers at one side of the securing strip
are grouped tightly together while portions of the fibers
oppositely of the strip remain unconnected to flare freely
outwardly of the bundle when the bundle is disposed vertically.
Inventors: |
Jones; James A. (Sturbridge,
MA) |
Assignee: |
American Optical Corporation
(Southbridge, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
23302787 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/333,439 |
Filed: |
February 16, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
156/180; 156/167;
156/174; 156/250; 156/256; 156/296; 362/122; 385/114; 385/115;
362/565; 362/582; 362/554 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B44F
11/00 (20130101); B44F 9/00 (20130101); G02B
6/4403 (20130101); Y10T 156/1052 (20150115); Y10T
156/1062 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
B44F
11/00 (20060101); B44F 9/00 (20060101); G02B
6/44 (20060101); B32b 017/04 (); G02b 005/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;350/96B ;240/1L,1T
;156/167,174,180,221,250,256,296,86 ;65/DIG.7 ;161/12 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Fritsch; Daniel J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Berkenstock, Jr.; H. R. Nealon;
William C.
Claims
I claim:
1. The method of making an ornamental bouquet of flared
light-conducting fibers comprising the steps of:
forming a ribbon of a plurality of juxtaposed light-conducting
fibers;
securing said fibers together with a strip of material extended
across said ribbon;
cutting across said ribbon through said juxtaposed fibers along two
lines, one spaced away from each of respectively opposite sides of
said strip, one of said lines being oblique to the longitudinal
direction of said fibers at least throughout a substantial portion
of its extension across said ribbon to produce fibers of
progressively varying lengths according to the ornamentation
desired of said bundle;
removing the section of said ribbon extending between said two
lines of cutting;
rolling said section of ribbon from an edge adjacent the shortest
of said varying lengths of fibers toward its opposite edge in a
direction generally perpendicular to axial directions of the
juxtaposed fibers to form at least some of said fibers into a
bundle;
securing said bundle against unrolling; and
orienting said bundle generally vertically with said fibers
extending from one side of said strip directed generally upwardly
and ornamentally flared outwardly of said bundle.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said strip of material
is an adhesive.
3. The method according to claim 2 wherein said strip of material
further includes a plastic film attached to said adhesive.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein said one of said lines
along which said fibers are cut biases said fibers at an acute
angle relative to at least one of said opposite sides of said
strip.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein one of said opposite
sides of said strip is disposed and directed substantially parallel
to the direction of said one oblique line of cutting.
6. The method according to claim 1 wherein said one of said lines
of cutting across said ribbon biases said fibers in one direction
partially thereacross and is jogged to a different direction over
remaining fibers of said ribbon.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein said one of said lines
of cutting across said ribbon contains a plurality of jogs in its
extent thereacross.
8. The method according to claim 1 wherein portions of said fibers
extending from the side of said strip opposite to said one side are
grouped and secured tightly together.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention:
Optical fiber bundles with particular reference to ornamental
display devices formed thereof.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Optical fiber bouquets, lamps and similar ornamental display
devices are currently formed by various time consuming and
difficult methods, one being to group loose fibers tightly
together, glue or otherwise secure one end of the group and stand
the resulting device upright for trimming. Loose portions of the
fibers are trimmed with scissors by cutting the innermost fibers
shorter than the outer fibers causing these inner fibers to stand
in a more vertical direction than outer fibers which are allowed to
flare away from the bundle as a result of their greater length.
Such hand-trimming of a bundle of fibers is not only a difficult
and tedious task but requires considerable skill, not unlike the
art of human hair cutting, to perform with reasonable success in
accomplishing proper grading of the flare of fibers and uniformity
of overall fiber bundle shape.
Other methods of forming optical fiber display devices have
involved the making of assemblies of concentric tubes and/or rings
of different lengths with fibers extending longitudinally through
spaces between the tubes and outwardly away therefrom in layers
along the assembly of tubes or rings. In addition to the inherent
difficult and time-consuming problems of arranging and maintaining
individual fibers parallel in spaces between the concentricly
related tubes and rings and affording spaces therebetween which are
adequate for the purposes of containing the fibers without
excessive looseness and misplacement therein, this technique is
limited to the making of only the one resulting general shape of
fiber display.
A principle objective of the present invention is to overcome the
difficulties in manufacture, costliness, and limitations in design
of the prior art fiber optical ornamental display devices by
reducing the number of fibers in a display needed for a particular
aesthetic effect and bringing all fibers of the display accurately
to proper length with a single cutting operation which may be
readily varied according to the ultimate circumferential and
vertical shape and overall aesthetic effect desired of the
completed device.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The foregoing and corollary objectives of the invention are
accomplished by forming a ribbon of a multiplicity of juxtaposed
fibers, securing these fibers together along a strip of substantial
width across the ribbon, cutting the fibers approximately parallel
to the strip at one side thereof, trimming corresponding opposite
portions of the fibers to predetermined lengths preferably with a
single line of cut directed according to a desired pattern of flare
to be produced in the ultimate display device and rolling the
resulting cut section laterally into a bundle. When oriented
vertically, the fibers will flare outwardly and automatically
assume the predetermined overall configuration desired of the
display device. By directing light into the first mentioned fiber
ends, illumination of the display device may be effected.
Details of the invention will become more readily apparent in the
following description when taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings.
IN THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a preferred technique for
forming a ribbon of juxtaposed optical fibers;
FIG. 2 is an illustration, in perspective, of a ribbon of optical
fibers removed from the apparatus of FIG. 1 and extended in a flat
plane;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a section of the ribbon of FIG. 2 from
which one embodiment of the invention may be formed;
FIG. 4 is an illustration of the section of ribbon inverted;
FIG. 5 is an illustration, in perspective, of a further step in the
method of the invention wherein the section of ribbon illustrated
in FIG. 4 is rolled laterally;
FIG. 6 illustrates the embodiment of the invention resulting from
the method depicted in FIGS. 2-5;
FIGS. 7, 9, 11 and 13 are plan views respectively of modified forms
of sections of optical fiber ribbons useful in the practice of the
invention; and
FIGS. 8, 10, 12 and 14 are illustrations of further embodiments of
the invention resulting from use of the sections of optical fiber
ribbons of FIGS. 7, 9, 11 and 13 respectively.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring more particularly to FIGS. 1-5 which illustrate a method
of making the fiber optical ornamental display device 10 of FIG. 6
according to principles of the invention, the fiber ribbon shown in
FIG. 2 is preferably formed by winding a length of light-conducting
fiber 12 of glass or plastic material into a helix upon winding
drum 14. Fiber 12 may be supplied to drum 14 from a source of batch
material such as a glass rod and tube assembly 16 which is heated
by a suitable heater 18 and drawn to fiber size by rotation of drum
14 in the direction of arrow 20 as the optical fiber ribbon 22 is
produced. Those interested in details of clad optical fiber per se
and/or this technique for simultaneously drawing and winding an
optical fiber into a helix as a ribbon 22 of juxtaposed lengths of
fiber 24 (FIG. 2) may refer to one or more of U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,033,731; 3,104,191; 3,215,029; 3,247,755; and 3,373,006.
Filament 12 from which fibers 24 are formed may, alternatively, be
supplied to drum 14 from a previously prepared supply thereof on a
reel (not shown), the supply reel being substituted for assembly
16. The optical fiber may be either glass or plastic.
For purposes of rendering ribbon 22 readily removable from drum 14,
drum 14 is preferably covered with a plastic sleeve 26 adapted to
be cut away from or slid endwise off one end of drum 14, carrying
ribbon 22 with it.
A transverse area 28 of ribbon 22 is coated with an adhesive and a
strip 30 of thin plastic film material is secured to the area 28.
This transverse area 28 and strip 30 is of a width controlled
according to the height desired of the rigid portion of the fiber
optic display device 10 to be formed from ribbon 22.
With strip 30 securely fastened to fibers 24, the plastic sheet of
sleeve 26 is removed from under fibers 24 and fibers 24 are cut to
uniform length along line 32 at one side of strip 30, and along a
bias, e.g. line 34, making the portions of fibers extending from
strip 30 longer at side 22a of ribbon 22 than at side 22b of the
ribbon. The section 26 (FIG. 2) of ribbon 22 thus formed is
preferably inverted as shown in FIG. 4 and rolled in the direction
of arrow 38 to form bundle 40 of FIG. 5. This rolling of section 36
from its side having the shortest fibers 24 toward its side having
the longest fibers, places the shorter fibers centrally within
bundle 40 and the longer fibers circumferentially externally of
bundle 40. The fibers are thus graduated from the center of the
bundle outwardly to its edge.
When bundle 40 is directed vertically with ends 24a of fibers 24
depending, its fibers of graduated length will flare outwardly and
automatically produce a uniformly proportioned ornamental display
of the type diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 6.
It should be understood that, for clarity of illustration, all
display devices shown in the drawings (i.e. FIGS. 6, 8, 10, 12 and
14) are depicted diagrammatically. Far fewer than the normal number
of fibers in each are shown.
In display devices such as are shown in any one of FIGS. 6, 8, 10,
12 and 14, a short fiber will stand generally straight up and a
long fiber will arch in a complete semi-circle while fibers of
intermediate lengths will arch in graduated amounts between the
longest and shortest optical fibers. The extent of maximum and
minimum flaring or arching of the fibers can be controlled by
proper selection of the diametral size of fibers 24, i.e. their
rigidity, and their lengths at sides 22a and 22b respectively of
ribbon 22. Trial and error trimming of single test fibers, held
vertically, may be undertaken to establish proper lengths for
opposite sides 22a and 22b of fiber ribbon 22.
In adapting bundle 40 to use as an ornamental display device or
lamp, the bundle is taped circumferentially or held together with a
suitable tubular sheathing 42 which, in place of winding of tape,
may be a heat shrinkable material slipped into place at room or
relatively low temperature and heated sufficiently to shrink
tightly and firmly upon bundle 40. Ends 24a of fibers 24 may then
be gathered tightly together and cemented or otherwise so held in
place as a light-receiving face of bundle 40 so that light from a
suitable source such as lamp 44 may be received by these ends 24a
and transmitted through individual fibers 24 to their flared
opposite ends for enhancing the aesthetics of bundle 40.
Referring back to FIG. 2, it can be seen that by providing a
succession of strips 30a similar to strip 30 along ribbon 22 at
prearranged spaced intervals and adding additional transverse cuts
such as cut 32a, a plurality of fiber sections (e.g. additional
section 36a) may be formed of ribbon 22 along its length. The
number of added sections 36a is dependent, of course, upon the
total length of ribbon 22 and maximum total length of each
individual section 36 and 36a. The diametral size of winding drum
14 will determine the ultimate total length of ribbon 22 while the
diametral thickness of bundle 40 (FIGS. 5 and 6) and number of
fibers 24 caused to flare outwardly therefrom is determined by the
total width of ribbon 22 and spacing between individual fibers 24
thereof in the winding of ribbon 22 on drum 14. The diametral
thickness may also be controlled by the tightness with which it is
rolled. In the matter of control of the number of fibers in bundle
40, ribbon 22 may be wound with each convolution of supply fiber 12
placed in side-by-side contact with each other or spaced from each
other wherein the former will provide a maximum number of fibers
per unit width of ribbon and the latter can produce a minimum.
Referring more particularly to modifications of the invention shown
in FIGS. 7-14, it will become apparent that various amounts and
configurations of flare and/or changes in overall shape of the
final display device can be accomplished by simply altering the
shape and size of the transverse strips used to secure fibers 24
together and changing the direction and/or shape of cut used to
produce the flared fiber ends.
FIG. 7 illustrates a section 36' which may be cut from ribbon 22
and rolled in the direction of arrow 38' to form display device 10'
having a generally upwardly spiraled core portion 46. This shape in
FIG. 8 is achieved by the use of strip 30' which is generally
tapered as illustrated. Cuts across fibers 24 along lines 32' and
34', which are similar to lines 32 and 34 of FIG. 2, are used so
that the particular fibers 24 adjacent the widest edge of strip 30'
are shorter than fibers 24 adjacent the narrowest opposite edge of
strip 30'. Thus, by rolling strip 30' from its widest edge in the
direction of arrow 38', the spiral core 46 of FIG. 8 is formed.
This gives device 10' a longer or higher appearance than is given
by device 10.
It is to be understood that in the making of any of the devices
depicted in FIGS. 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14, the particular section of
fiber ribbon used therefor may be rolled over a hollow or solid
core. The core may be cylindrical, conical and/or a rectilinear
cross-section. Also, in cases where cores are not used, the roll
may be relatively tight at its beginning (i.e. at the center of the
resulting bundle) or, alternatively, relatively loose so as to
provide a hollow center in the bundle.
The modification of the invention shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 may be
employed to produce a display device 10" (FIG. 10) appearing
similar to device 10' of FIG. 8 but with all fibers 24 thereof
flared outwardly by equal amounts throughout the length of the
fiber display thereby providing the device with a generally overall
cylindrical appearance. This is accomplished by using strip 30" and
cuts 32" and 34" all of which are similar to those used in FIG. 7
with the exception of cut 34" being directed parallel to the
adjacent side of strip 32" thus making all lengths of fiber 24
between strip 30" and cut 34" of equal length. Rolling the section
36" of FIG. 9 in the direction of arrow 38" will then produce
device 10" of FIG. 10.
The device 10'" of FIG. 12, also having a spiral core section 46'",
has its fibers flared outwardly from core 46'" in different
directions and by different amounts at various levels in the device
10'". This is accomplished with the arrangement of a strip 30'" and
cut 32'" across section 36'" which are similar to those of FIGS. 7
and 9. The straight bias cut of FIGS. 7 and 9 is, however, altered
by the jog shown in FIG. 11. With section 36'" rolled in the
direction of arrow 38'", the device 10'" of FIG. 12 results. The
configuration of device 10'" may also be modified by varying the
extent of taper provided by strip 30'" and/or varying the angle
and/or length of the jog in cut 34'".
The flaring of fibers 24 of device 10'" outwardly in tiers as
depicted in FIG. 14 may be accomplished with stepped strip 30"" and
a correspondingly stepped cut 32"". Section 36"" is rolled in the
direction of arrow 38"".
It is to be understood that in the case of any one or more of the
embodiments of the invention shown in FIGS. 1-14, ends 24a of the
fibers 24 may be grouped tightly together as illustrated or
permitted to depend from the finished bundle in a loose or circular
array for receiving different amounts and/or colors of light
projected thereinto through perforated, slotted or otherwise
apertured plates either fixed or rotated relative to the fibers.
Furthermore, any one or more of the sections of ribbon 22 which are
used to form one or another of the illustrated display bundles may
be left unrolled or only partially rolled with the unrolled portion
thereof allowed to assume a free form shape having ends 24a of its
fibers gathered together as a light receiving end of the particular
bundle shape elected.
* * * * *