U.S. patent number 3,881,623 [Application Number 05/473,179] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-06 for safety closure device.
Invention is credited to William James Landen.
United States Patent |
3,881,623 |
Landen |
May 6, 1975 |
Safety closure device
Abstract
The invention contemplates a safety closure cap having threaded
engagement to a bottle or the like neck, with the feature of
ratchet-lock engagement between (a) parts of a compliant integral
tab on the cap and (b) a circumferential succession of
ratchet-tooth serrations at the base end of the neck. Plural
ratcheting elements on the tab span an arcuate succession of the
neck serrations, so that plural ratchet-engagement relations are
offered at any one time, and yet a single compliant displacement of
the tab simultaneously disengages all ratchet locking, to permit
unthreading of the cap from the bottle. By having the tooth
formations on the respective ratchet elements at other than integer
multiples of the basic tooth spacing of neck serrations, it is
further possible to offer more ratchet-lockable angular positions,
per revolution of the cap, than there are serrations on the
neck.
Inventors: |
Landen; William James
(Cheshire, CT) |
Family
ID: |
23878516 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/473,179 |
Filed: |
May 24, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
215/216 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
50/046 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
50/00 (20060101); B65D 50/04 (20060101); B65d
055/02 (); B65d 085/56 (); A61j 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;215/216,9,221 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hall; George T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hopgood, Calimafde, Kalil,
Blaustein & Lieberman
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In combination, a bottle or the like having a body with an
externally threaded neck, and a safety cap with a body having a
threaded bore to removably engage said neck, said neck having
beneath said threads a circumferentially extending plurality of
spaced ratchet serrations, and said cap including a radially
outwardly extending tab having compliant integral connection to
said body; the underside of said tab including a plurality of
angularly spaced finger elements having independent compliant
integral connection to said tab at locations radially offset from
said cap body, and an arcuate succession of ratchet-tooth
formations on said finger elements and positioned for compliant
ratcheting interference with said neck serrations in approach to
and at the location of fully threaded cap-to-neck engagement,
whereby plural independent ratchet-lock relationships are obtained
for the fully engaged position and yet a single deflection of said
tab against the compliance of its connection to the cap body will
disengage all ratchet-lock relationships, to permit cap-unthreading
from said neck.
2. The combination of claim 1, in which the spacing of
ratchet-tooth formations of adjacent fingers is other than in
conformance with the ratchet-tooth spacing of said serrations,
whereby the number of ratchet-locked positions attainable per turn
of threaded cap-to-neck engagement is greater than the number of
neck serrations.
3. The combination of claim 1, in which at least two ratchet teeth
are provided on each finger element, the spacing between the two
ratchet teeth of each finger element being substantially equal to
the spacing of adjacent teeth of said neck serrations.
4. The combination of claim 1, in which said bottle or the like is
of molded construction with semi-cylindrical symmetry about a
parting-line plane which includes the axis. of said neck, the neck
serration on each side of the parting line being characterized by
equal angular separation of all outer corners and by tooth-face
slopes which form no greater than a 90-degree angle to the
parting-line plane; and in which the maximum overall effective
angular spread of tab-mounted ratchet-tooth formations is in excess
of 90.degree..
5. The combination of claim 4, in which said maximum effective
angular spread is approximately 120.degree..
6. The combination of claim 1, in which the number of finger
elements is four.
7. The combination of claim 3, in which the two teeth of one finger
element are spaced in conformance with a first uniformly spaced
succession of serrated-tooth locations and in which the two teeth
of another finger element are spaced in conformance with a second
and like succession, said successions being angularly offset with
respect to each other to the extent of a fraction of the space
between adjacent teeth of said neck serrations.
8. The combination of claim 7, in which said angular offset is
substantially one half the space between adjacent teeth of said
neck.
9. As an article of manufacture, a safety cap with a body having a
threaded bore for removable closure of a threaded bottle or the
like neck, said cap including a radially outwardly extending
locking tab having compliant integral connection to said body, the
underside of said tab including a plurality of angular spaced
finger elements having independent compliant integral connections
to said tab in an array that is generally arcuate about the axis of
the cap body, and an arcuate succession of radially inwardly facing
ratchet-tooth formation on said finger elements.
Description
This invention relates to bottles or the like containers adapted to
contain hazardous substances, and more particularly relates to
safety closures for such containers which render them
child-resistant, i.e., resistant to tampering by children.
It is an object of the invention to provide a new and improved
safety cap for such a container, particularly of the variety having
rotary engagement, as by threads.
Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved
safety cap for a bottle which is economical to manufacture and
readily lends itself to automatic production-line facilities for
filling and capping a bottle.
A further object of the invention is to provide a new and improved
safety cap and bottle combination in which the cap is readily
locked onto the bottle but may be unlocked therefrom by a very
simple manipulation of the cap itself.
A still further object is to meet the above objects with a
construction of inherent low cost, involving minimum alteration of
present constructions.
It is also an object to provide the above-noted features in
application to molded glass or plastic containers, and involving
minimal change in container molds.
A specific object is to meet the above objects with structure
requiring no additional parts but rather involving simple
modification of existing bottle and cap parts.
Other objects and various further features of novelty and invention
will be pointed out or will occur to those skilled in the art from
a reading of the following specification in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings. In said drawings, which show, for
illustrative purposes only, a preferred form of the invention:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of assembled and safety-locked cap and
bottle parts of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view in side elevation of neck formations of
the bottle of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of neck formations of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the cap of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a view in side elevation, partly broken-away and in
section, for the cap of FIGS. 1 and 4, the section being taken on
the line 5--5 of FIG. 4; and
FIG. 6 is a view of the cap in side elevation, viewing the left
aspect of FIG. 4.
Referring to the drawings, the invention is shown in application to
a container or bottle 10 having an integral threaded neck 11 and
selectively opened and closed by a cap having a threaded bore 13.
The bottle may be of any suitable material such as glass, metal or
plastic but is shown in the style of a blow-molded plastic bottle,
made from a two-part mold such that each half of the mold defines a
generally semi-cylindrical half of the bottle, with symmetry about
a parting line which includes the neck axis, as suggested by legend
in FIG. 3. Cap 12 may be of any suitable construction, being
typically an injection-molding part, for the case of a plastic
bottle 10.
In accordance with the invention, the neck region of the bottle, at
the base end of the threads, is integrally formed with a
circumferential succession of ratchet serrations 14, shown in FIG.
2 as radially outwardly facing formation in a base enlargement 15
of the neck. A tab projection 16 has integral axially compliant
connection to the body of cap 12 and unites the common suspension
of an arcuate array of ratchet elements or fingers 17-18-19-20.
Ratchet-tooth formations on the inner surfaces of these fingers
interfere with and independently ratchet-engage the serration 14 in
the course of cap-threaded approach to and attainment of the
cap-secured or bottle-closed position.
More specifically, and with particular reference to FIGS. 4, 5, and
6. the outwardly projecting finger-engageable end of tab 16 is seen
to include a short radial bridge 21 of lesser thickness adjacent
its compliant integral connection to the cylindrical body of cap
12. Provision of such reduced thickness will be understood to
localize compliant bending of the tab 16 essentially to the region
21, such bending being primarily about a hroizontal "hinge" axis 23
that is essentially tangent to the outer wall of the cap body, as
tab 16 is actuated in the axial direction. An arcuate yoke is
defined by arcuate projections 22-22' formed integrally with the
actuable part of tab 16, and the ratchet fingers 17-18-19-20 are
formed as an angularly spaced arcuate array, integrally
cantilevered in their suspension from this yoke. As shown, the
lower end of each of these fingers has at least two ratchet-tooth
formations, for example the teeth 20'-20" of finger 20; and these
teeth 20'-20" are sized to match the tooth-to-tooth spacing .delta.
of the neck serrations 14, being preferably with holding faces at a
slight undercut or rake angle .beta., as labeled for the tooth 20',
the same being in the order of up to 5.degree. for more highly
effective ratchet-locking action. The teeth 20'-20" may also be so
spaced in relation to teeth 19'-19" of the next adjacent ratchet
finger 19 that all ratchet-finger teeth are disposed at integer
multiples of the same basic serration-tooth space .delta.; however,
in the drawings, I show my preference of such spacing .delta.'
between ratchet fingers to be at other than an integer multiple of
space .delta.. For example, by selecting the space .delta.' between
ratchet fingers so as to be approximately .delta./2, the teeth of
finger 19 will be caused to ratchet-engage the serrations 14, in
alternation with those of finger 20, in the course of a threaded
bottle-closing advance of cap 12. Such alternate ratcheting will
also characterize the coaction between the teeth of fingers 17 and
18, in that the same spacing .delta.' applies between finger 17-18,
and between fingers 18-19; and for the illustrative case of
.delta.' = .delta./2, any given closure setting will be held by two
engaged and spaced ratchet fingers. In any case, whatever the
engaged relation upon cap closure, a single finger-actuated axial
lift of tab 16 will cause radially outward displacement of all
fingers, to clear the way for unthreaded removal of the cap.
In accordance with a further feature of the invention, the
serrations 14 on the neck base 15 are so formed with such symmetry
about the parting line that no tooth interference exists to impair
free removal of the mold halves from the newly molded bottle. In
FIG. 3, I shall describe such symmetry in connection "Right-Half
Formations" with respect to "left-Half Formations", the same being
on opposite sides of the central axial plane of the parting line; I
have identified at 25 to 40 the regular spacing of all tooth
projections of the Right-Half-Formation, Formation, and I shall
refer to each particular tooth in terms of its holding face and its
camming face. In the case of the Right-Half Formations, the mold
half is separable from the molded product upon relative displacment
generally normal to the parting line, and therefore no
serration-tooth faces represent undercuts to interfere with such
removal. Thus, the camming faces 25'-26' of the first two teeth
25-26 are normal to the parting line, and all succeeding camming
faces of the right-half serrations 14 are at acute, i.e., lesser,
angles to the parting line. In similar fashion, the holding faces
of all teeth are provided within the acute-angle range. In the
upper-right quadrant of FIG. 3, this means that an effective
undercut .beta. can be designed into the holding faces of teeth
25-26 and up to tooth 31, but that the holding faces 32"-33" of
teeth 32-33 are substantially normal to the parting line, since
these faces occur in the lower-right quadrant. It will later be
clear that no reliance need be placed upon serration-tooth
locations 34 to 40, and therefore the "holding" faces thereof may
be at convenient acute angles having no other purpose than to
present the appearance of circumferential continuity.
The same description will be understood to apply for serration
teeth of the Left-Half Formations, for which product removal is via
leftward mold-half displacement normal to the parting line. What
has been said for teeth 25 to 40 of the Right-Half Formations holds
for the teeth of the left half which sequence circumferentially
clockwise beyond the parting-line tooth location 40.
Even though a certain number of the described tooth locations are
ineffective as ratchet-holding locations, it will be observed (1)
that they characterize locations 34 to 40 of the Right-Half
Formations (and corresponding diametrically opposite locations of
the Left-Half Formations), (2) that they represent less than
quadrant-size groupings, and (3) that the net effective angular
ratchetable span .alpha. of ratchet fingers 17-18-19-20 exceeds
quadrant proportions, being preferably in the order of 110.degree.
to 120.degree., as shown in FIG. 4. This being the case, in spite
of the ratchet disability at locations 34 to 40 (and their
diametrically imaged locations), the ratchet-finger teeth will
always span ratchet-engageable positions, whatever the angular
relation of cap and neck at the secured position. Furthermore, for
the described .delta.' = .delta./2 relationship, the alternating
ratchet action will assure ratchet retention within an angular
resolution which could only otherwise be achieved by doubling the
number of serrations 14.
It will be seen that I have described an improved closure meeting
all stated objects, with inherent simplicity, low cost and
effectiveness. The cap 12 with its tab 16 and dependent locking
fingers is the product of a single injection-molding operation,
providing plural ratchet fingers with the necessary degree of
independent ratcheting deflection and unitary removal from
ratchetable positions. The serrations 14 may be pitched for
ruggedness and durability (e.g., 32 tooth locations
circumferentially distributed about a 1.5-inch diameter neck base
15), and yet ratchet-divided resolution of the cap-closed position
is as if twice the number of serrations existed (e.g., effectively
64 tooth locations, or one for every 6.degree. increment of cap
rotation). At the same time, standard blow-molding techniques may
be employed with a two-part bottle mold.
While the invention has been described in detail for the preferred
form shown, it will be understood that modifications may be made
without departure from the claimed scope of the invention.
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