U.S. patent number 3,881,376 [Application Number 05/448,189] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-06 for socket ejecting mechanism for ratchet wrenches.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Wright Tool & Forge Co.. Invention is credited to Richard B. Wright.
United States Patent |
3,881,376 |
Wright |
May 6, 1975 |
Socket ejecting mechanism for ratchet wrenches
Abstract
A lever-type socket wrench with a reversing ratchet for driving
interchangeable socket heads. One end of the wrench serves as a
handle and the other end is provided with internal ratchet teeth
formed about the axis of turn and with a rotatable socket carrier
having a protruding stud for receiving the socket head. The ratchet
teeth are engaged by a double pawl element that is urged to either
a forward drive or reverse drive position by a selector element. A
socket head ejector plunger is mounted in the socket carrier for
limited sliding movement parallel to the socket axis and is adapted
when pressed by the tool operator to positively eject the socket
head from the stud.
Inventors: |
Wright; Richard B. (Akron,
OH) |
Assignee: |
The Wright Tool & Forge Co.
(Barberton, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
23779345 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/448,189 |
Filed: |
March 5, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
81/63;
81/177.85 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25B
23/0057 (20130101); B25B 13/465 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25B
23/00 (20060101); B25B 13/00 (20060101); B25B
13/46 (20060101); B25b 013/46 () |
Field of
Search: |
;81/61,62,63.2,63,177.6G,121.1,18R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Jones, Jr.; James L.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A ratchet wrench for driving interchangeable socket heads
removably attachable thereto, comprising:
a lever,
a socket carrier mounted in an end of said lever for rotation
relative to said lever and including a stud extending downwardly
from said lever for receiving and retaining said socket head,
ratchet drive means operatively located between said socket carrier
and said lever,
a socket head ejector element extending through said socket carrier
for limited endwise sliding movement parallel to the axis of said
rotation and adapted to engage a socket received on said stud and
to be depressed by the tool user to positively eject said socket
head from said stud.
2. A ratchet wrench as defined in claim 1 wherein said ejector
element is of elongated cylindrical shape with upper end and a
lower end adjacent said stud, and has an axial length substantially
greater than the axial thickness of said socket carrier and wherein
said ejector element is axially slidable between a retracted limit
position with said upper end projecting outwardly from said socket
carrier and adapted to be engaged and depressed by a tool user, and
an extended limit position with said lower end projecting outwardly
sufficiently to positively eject a socket head from said stud.
3. A ratchet wrench as defined in claim 2 including stop means
located within said socket carrier and operatively engageable with
said ejector element to limit endwise sliding movement thereof to
said limit positions.
4. A ratchet wrench as defined in claim 3 wherein said ejector
element has a central neck portion of lesser diameter than said end
portions and wherein said stop means projects radially inward
toward said neck portion to engage said ejector element at the
opposite ends of said neck portion.
5. A ratchet wrench as defined in claim 1 wherein said ratchet
drive means comprises a reversing ratchet drive and a pivotable
selector element located on said socket carrier.
6. A ratchet wrench as defined in claim 5 wherein said ejector
element limits the pivotal movement of said selector element
between its forward drive and reverse drive positions.
7. A wrench assembly with a reversing ratchet drive for a socket
head removably attached thereto, comprising:
a lever adapted to be turned about the axis of turn of said socket
head and including
a handle at one end, and
means defining internal ratchet teeth in the other end about said
axis of turn,
a socket carrier mounted in said other end for rotation relative to
said lever about said axis of turn and including:
a stud extending downwardly from said lever for receiving and
retaining said socket head,
a double pawl element mounted in said socket carrier for pivotal
movement between forward drive and reverse drive engagement with
said ratchet teeth,
selector means operatively connected to said socket carrier and
pivotable about said axis of turn between a position urging said
pawl element to said forward drive position and a position urging
said pawl element to said reverse drive position,
a socket head ejector element extending through said socket carrier
for limited endwise sliding movement parallel to said axis of turn
and adapted to engage a socket received on said stud and to be
depressed by the tool user to positively eject said socket head
from said stud.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to socket wrenches for turning threaded
connectors such as machine screws, bolts and nuts, especially to
lever-type socket wrenches with reversing ratchet for gripping a
hexagonal bolt head or the like. More particularly, the invention
relates to a ratchet-drive-type wrench assembly for various socket
heads with a special provision for positively ejecting the socket
head from the male square or stud without requiring the tool
operator to touch or grip the socket head itself.
Socket wrenches with reversing ratchet drive are well known in the
art and are commonly used with lever-type handles. The inner end or
fulcrum end of the lever usually has a male type connector or stud
that fits in a square female recess in the various socket heads
with which the wrench is to be used. One wrench of this type of
construction is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,393,587.
Usually the socket head is retained on the male square or stud by a
detent means such as a spring loaded ball positioned in either the
male square or in the socket head. The ball is urged into a
cooperating seat in the opposite member by resilient means such as
a helical spring. While attachment and removal of the socket head
can easily be accomplished under ideal circumstances, it becomes
more difficult under certain working conditions. The worker's hand
and also the socket head itself are often covered with grease or
oil and it is difficult to get a good finger grip on the socket
head to pull it off.
One partial solution to this problem is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
3,393,587 wherein provision is made for releasing the detent means
by manualing shifting an easily actuated member that disengages the
ball from its seat.
Another detent releasing device for a socket wrench is shown in
U.S. Pat. No. 3,208,318. Both of these approaches to the problem
result in the release of the detent means but do not cause positive
removal of the socket head from the stud. Since the socket head
usually fits too snuggly to fall off as a result of gravity alone,
the tool operator must still manually remove the socket head. This
is not always easily accomplished because dirt, a burr, or grease
may cause the socket head to stick.
Another disadvantage of prior art detent release mechanisms is the
reduction in strength of the stud that results when such mechanisms
are incorporated. Usually machining is required with the consequent
removal of material from either the male square or the ratchet
mechanism. High strength is extremely important in socket wrenches
in view of the high torque often applied.
Still another disadvantage with prior art devices is the danger of
jamming or other type of malfunction that can occur where the
release mechanism is complex.
The lever type socket wrench of the present invention provides
positive ejection of the socket head, however, and affords other
features and advantages heretofore not obtainable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is among the objects of the invention to positively eject a
socket head from a ratchet type socket wrench without requiring
that the operator manually grip the socket head to effect its
removal.
Another object of the invention is to provide a mechanism for
positively ejecting a socket head from a ratchet type socket wrench
without requiring extensive machining and which minimizes any
danger of malfunction.
These and other objects and advantages are achieved by the unique
construction of the ratchet-type socket wrench of the invention as
adapted for use with a variety of interchangeable socket heads. The
assembly includes a lever adapted to be turned about the axis of
the socket head, with a handle at one end and means defining
internal ratchet teeth in the other end about the axis of turn. A
socket carrier is mounted within the ratchet teeth for rotation
relative to the lever about the axis of turn. The socket carrier
has a stud extending downwardly for receiving and retaining a
socket head.
A double pawl element is mounted in the socket carrier for pivotal
movement between forward drive and reverse drive engagement with
the ratchet teeth depending upon the position of a selector element
that is operated to select either a forward or reverse drive
condition. Slidably mounted in the socket carrier is a socket head
ejector pin adapted for limited endwise sliding movement parallel
to the axis of turn and adapted to engage the socket head received
on the male square and to be depressed by the tool operator to
positively eject the socket head from the male square .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a ratchet type socket wrench with means
for positively ejecting a socket head therefrom in accordance with
the invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the socket wrench of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary elevation on an enlarged scale of the
socket wrench of FIGS. 1 and 2 taken from below with the socket
head removed;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 4--4 of
FIG. 3 and showing the positive socket ejector plunger in its
retracted position; and
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary elevational view similar to FIG. 4 showing
the positive ejection plunger pressed to its extended position to
positively force a socket head from the drive stud.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring more particularly to the drawings, there is shown a
ratchet wrench 10 embodying the invention and adapted to drive one
of several interchangeable socket heads of standard construction,
such as the socket head 11 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2 and in
solid lines in FIGS. 4 and 5. The wrench 10 comprises a lever 12
with a handle 13 at one end and having at the fulcrum end 14 a
circular opening 15. The opening 15 is provided with internal
ratchet teeth 16 and also has on the upper side, as viewed in FIGS.
4 and 5, a smooth counterbore 17.
Rotatably mounted within the opening 15 is a socket carrier 20
having a male square 21 or stud extending downwardly and adapted to
fit in a mating female recess in the socket head 11. The socket
carrier 20 has an annular shoulder 22 that seats in the counterbore
17, and the socket carrier 20 is retained in position by means of
lockrings 23 seated in an annular groove 24 in the lower end of the
socket carrier 20.
The socket carrier 20 has an axial bore 25 (FIGS. 4 and 5) formed
therein and a lateral slot 26 cut perpendicular to the axis of the
socket carrier 20 and extending to the axial bore 25. Pivotally
mounted within the slot 26 is a double pawl element 27 with its
teeth at the opposite ends thereof adapted for selective driving
engagement with the ratchet teeth 16 of the fulcrum end 14. The
pawl element 27 is pivotally connected to the socket interior 20 by
a pivot pin 28 extending therethrough and having its opposite ends
received in opposite ends of a bore 29 in the socket carrier
20.
Referring to FIG. 3, it will be seen that the double pawl element
27 is capable of limited pivotal movement between a forward drive
position illustrated in FIG. 3 wherein the handle 13 drives the
socket 11 when turned clockwise and ratchets when turned
counterclockwise, and a reverse drive position (not shown).
A ratchet drive selector element 30 is used with associated parts
to control the position of the double pawl element 27 to provide
either forward or reverse ratchet drive. The element 30 is
pivotally mounted in the axial bore 25 in the socket carrier 20 and
has a transverse bore 33 that receives a plunger 34 and a helical
spring 35. The helical spring 35 bears at one end against the wall
of the transverse bore 33 and at the other end against the plunger
34 to urge the plunger radially outward against the double pawl
element 27 (FIGS. 3, 4 and 5).
The upper end of the ratchet drive selector 30 has a selector
button 36 that rests against the top surface of the socket carrier
20. The selector button 36 may be turned within limits of about
30.degree. of pivotal movement between the positions shown in solid
lines and dashed lines respectively in FIG. 1. When the selector
button 36 is moved to the position shown in solid lines in FIG. 1,
the pawl will be urged to its forward drive position. When the
selector button 36 is moved to the position shown in dashed lines
in FIG. 1, the double pawl element 27 will be in its reverse
ratchet drive position.
The male square 21 is provided with a lateral bore 40 that receives
a detent ball 41 and a helical spring 42. The spring 42 bears
between the floor of the bore 40 and the ball 41 to urge the ball
41 outwardly to the position shown in FIG. 4. The ball 41 is
limited in its outward movement by a restrictor ring that is seated
in an annular groove in the bore 40.
The socket head 11 has a cooperating lateral detent bore 43 formed
in the wall of the matching female receptacle so that when the
socket head 11 is in its fully attached position illustrated in
FIG. 4 the ball 41 registers with the detent bore 43 to retain the
socket head on the male square 21. During attachment and removal of
the socket head, however, the ball 41 is forced inwardly against
the spring to the position shown in FIG. 5.
In accordance with the invention, the socket carrier 20 is provided
with a bore 45 extending therethrough and parallel to the axis of
turn. The bore 45 receives a positive ejection plunger 46 which is
slidable therein and has a central neck portion 47 of reduced
diameter. A lateral bore is formed through the socket carrier 20 to
the bore 45 and receives a limit pin 48 that is fixed in position
and which projects into the space between the central neck portion
47 of the plunger 46 and the wall of the bore 45. Thus, the pin 48
serves to limit the axial movement of the plunger 46 to the
retracted position shown in FIG. 4 and the extended position shown
in FIG. 5.
When a socket head is mounted on the male square 21, the plunger
will be in a retracted position shown in FIG. 4 and in this
position it serves as a reference for the drive selector 30 to aid
the person using the wrench to visually determine whether the drive
selector is in the forward drive position or the reverse drive
position. Without the reference it would be necessary to test the
wrench manually in order to determine the ratchet condition.
The principal function of the positive ejection plunger 46 is that
of positively removing the socket head 11 from the male square 21
for replacement or storage. Unlike prior art socket release devices
the plunger 46 does not serve to disable the detent mechanism but
rather positively forces the socket head 11 from the male square 21
and thus, forceably overrides the detent mechanism. It will be
noted that the positive ejection is accomplished by the operator
merely by pressing the upper end of the plunger 46 downward with a
finger to the position shown in FIG. 5.
An alternate form of the device has a longer plunger that extends
upwardly above the top face of the socket carrier 20 about twice as
high as that illustrated in FIG. 4 so that when it is depressed it
does not become flush with the top face of the socket carrier as
illustrated in FIG. 5 but rather continues to project upwardly
somewhat to act as a positive stop for the selector button 36.
While the invention has been shown and described with respect to
specific embodiments thereof this is intended for the purpose of
illustration rather than limitation and other variations and
modifications of a specific device herein shown and described will
be apparent to those skilled in the art all within the intended
spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the patent is not
to be limited to the specific embodiment herein shown and described
nor in any other way that is inconsistent with the extent to which
the progress in the art has been advanced by the invention.
* * * * *