U.S. patent number 3,881,169 [Application Number 05/366,089] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-29 for emergency vehicle traffic controller.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Traffic Control Products, Inc.. Invention is credited to Henry G. Malach.
United States Patent |
3,881,169 |
Malach |
April 29, 1975 |
Emergency vehicle traffic controller
Abstract
Controlled street intersections are equipped with an audio
detector and emergency controller for automatically regulating the
intersection traffic signals to initiate a predetermined traffic
flow pattern at the approach of an emergency vehicle. The detector
is responsive to a multiple tone audio frequency signal having
predetermined frequency and time characteristics emitted by the
emergency vehicle. Equipment in the controller determines when the
detector is presented with a signal in which predetermined
frequencies occur within an established time period. When these
conditions are met, the emergency controller automatically provides
the desired traffic signal to assist the emergency vehicle through
the intersection. When the emergency vehicle's audio signal is out
of range of the detector for a predetermined length of time, normal
operation of the traffic signal is automatically reinitiated. Phase
detecting means are included in the controls so that the normal
red, amber and green cycles follow with normal duration after the
emergency control system is deactivated. A plurality of controllers
may be employed to regulate traffic flow in all directions at any
multi-street intersection.
Inventors: |
Malach; Henry G. (Beaumont,
TX) |
Assignee: |
Traffic Control Products, Inc.
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
23441623 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/366,089 |
Filed: |
June 1, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
340/906 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G08G
1/087 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G08G
1/087 (20060101); G08G 1/07 (20060101); G08g
001/07 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/32,34,36 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Cooper; William C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Browning and Bushman
Claims
I claim:
1. A traffic controller for regulating traffic flow through a
traffic intersection equipped with a traffic signal comprising:
a. detector means responsive to an audible, transmitted audio
frequency warning signal which has been transmitted through the
atmosphere from an emergency vehicle;
b. frequency selective means connected with said detector means for
determining the presence of a plurality of selected audio
frequencies in the transmitted signal;
c. timing means connected with said frequency selective means for
determining whether all of said plural selected signals occur
within a selected time interval; and
d. control means connected with said timing means and said
frequency selective means and operable upon the occurrence of said
plural selected signals within said selected time interval to
operate said traffic signal in a non-normal, predetermined
manner.
2. A traffic controller as defined in claim 1 further including
second timing means connected with said controller for reinitiating
normal operation of said traffic signal when said plural selected
signals are absent as inputs to said traffic controller for a
predetermined period of time.
3. A traffic controller as defined in claim 2 further
including:
a. a normal controller for normal operations and adapted to
cyclically produce different color lights in a predetermined color
sequence; and
b. phase detecting means connected with said second timing means
for reinitiating normal operations following termination of said
non-normal, predetermined operation whereby the first color change
of lights in said traffic signal following termination of said
non-normal operation is from the color during non-normal operation
to the next color in said predetermined sequences of colors.
4. A traffic controller for regulating traffic flow through a
traffic intersection equipped with a traffic signal as defined in
claim 3 wherein:
a. said normal controller includes means for regulating the
duration of light production from each of said different color
lights whereby each of said different color lights respectively
produces light for a predetermined time period; and
b. said phase detecting means includes means for reinitiating
control by said normal controller at the beginning of the
respective time period for said next color in said predetermined
sequence.
5. A traffic controller as defined in claim 1 wherein said selected
audio frequency signals include signals of approximately 600Hz and
900Hz.
6. A traffic controller as defined in claim 4 wherein said selected
audio frequency signals include signals of approximately 600Hz and
900Hz.
7. A traffic controller as defined in claim 5 wherein said selected
time interval is approximately 2 seconds.
8. A traffic controller as defined in claim 6 wherein said selected
time interval is approximately 2 seconds.
9. A traffic controller as defined in claim 1 wherein said
non-normal predetermined manner comprises flashing red lights
signaling all streets in said traffic intersection.
10. A traffic controller as defined in claim 1 further including
selectively operable means for providing a plurality of non-normal
modes of operation of said traffic signal.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to means for regulating the flow of
traffic through intersecting streets. More particularly, the
present invention relates to a means by which an emergency vehicle
can regulate a traffic control signal at an intersection to permit
the vehicle to safely proceed through the intersection.
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art
Conventional systems designed to regulate the operation of a
traffic control system at an intersection have usually included
radio frequency transmitters carried by the emergency vehicle and
suitable radio frequency receivers located at the controlled
intersection. While such systems have the capability of controlling
traffic in any desired manner, they are undesirable to the extent
that each emergency vehicle in the system must be equipped with a
special radio transmitter.
Any traffic control system which is responsive to a particular
frequency, whether in the audio frequency or radio frequency range,
may be falsely activated any time a signal with the specified
frequency occurs within range of the detector. The susceptibility
to noise of conventional prior art systems, the expense of
equipping vehicles with special radio transmitters, or in some
cases special light transmitters, and the susceptibility of all of
such systems to improper triggering render such systems
undesirable. One prior art system proposes reducing false
triggering by employing a dual frequency RF signal. While this
approach is in many respects superior to single frequency systems,
the cost associated with equipping emergency vehicles with RF
transmitters may be undesirably high. Moreover, any vehicle
equipped with radio transmitters must also be equipped with a
conventional audio signal to alert other motorists.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Many of the emergency vehicles now in operation are equipped with a
two-tone audio frequency siren or emergency signal which is
employed to provide an audible warning of the approach of such
vehicles. Usually, the two tones are alternated and repeated at an
established rate. The facts that multiple tones or frequencies are
present in the warning sound and that all frequencies of the sound
are present within a given time period are employed in the present
invention to provide a system which is exceptionally immune to
false triggering and which is inexpensive to employ since the
transmitting portion of the system is already present in the audio
alarm sound of many emergency vehicles.
The controller portion of the invention employs an audio frequency
detector to pick up audio frequency signals in the vicinity of the
intersection. Filters in the system preferentially pass only those
two frequencies which are present in the two-tone emergency sound.
These two frequencies are amplified and transmitted to a second
portion of the circuit which determines whether the two frequencies
persist over an established period of time. When both frequency and
time duration conditions are met, the system automatically
initiates emergency control of the intersection signals.
Once the emergency vehicle has cleared the intersection, normal
operation of the traffic signal is initiated without changing the
normal time duration or light color sequence of the signals.
These and other features, advantages and objects of the invention
will be more readily understood from the following specification,
related drawings and the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a street scene at an intersection at which the
present invention is employed;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating one form of the present
invention;
FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C are detailed schematic circuit diagrams of one
form of circuitry capable of use in the present invention; and
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates one form of a flasher unit which
may be employed in the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a street scene at an
intersecting main street A and cross street B equipped with the
emergency vehicle detector system of the present invention. As
illustrated, an emergency vehicle 11, having a suitable two-tone,
audio frequency transmitting device is shown approaching the
intersection at which the receiver portion of the present invention
is located.
The receiver operates with a traffic control system which includes
a traffic light 12 and a signal controller or traffic control box
13. The transmitter portion which is represented by a siren 14 is
mounted on the vehicle 11. Since suitable transmitting devices are
commercially available the siren 14 does not form a part of the
invention except to the extent that the siren must be of the type
which produces at least two different frequencies of emitted audio
frequency energy. In the preferred form of the invention, the
emitted energy is a two-tone audio frequency signal of 600 Hz and
900 Hz.
The receiver portion of the invention is represented by its
detector element, or transducer 15 which is mounted above the
traffic level on a standard 16 located away from the intersection
so that ambient noise at the intersection will not adversely affect
the operation of the system. The detector 15 is only a portion of
the receiver, the rest of which is preferably located in the
control box 13. Interconnection between the control box 13 and the
detector 15 is provided by a suitable electrical conductor 17.
With reference to FIG. 2, the block diagram of the emergency
vehicle detector system of the present invention is generally
indicated at 10. The system 10 receives audio signals emitted by
the siren 14 mounted on the vehicle 11 through the detector
transducer 15. The transducer 15 converts the detected audio signal
into a low amplitude electrical signal which is then amplified by a
variable gain preamplifier 18.
To avoid erratic operation of the system 10, by ambient or
extraneous noises, a dual-tone decoder and amplifier circuit 19 is
employed as a first means of preventing false triggering. As will
hereinafter be explained in greater detail, the decoder and
amplifier preferentially passes and amplifies only those signals
having the predetermined frequencies of the siren 14. The detected
signals having the frequency of one tone of the siren signal are
formed on an output 19a and those having the frequency of the
second tone are formed on an output 19b. The passed and amplified
signals from the circuit 11 are applied to a detector circuit 20
which determines if both tones are present in the detected signals
within a predetermined time period corresponding to the repetition
rate of the two audio frequency sounds emitted by the siren.
If both tones do not occur within the required time, a reset timer
21 will reset the detector circuit 20 so that subsequently detected
signals may be examined. Thus, the detector circuit 20 and reset
timer circuit 21 form a second means for preventing false
triggering of the system 10. If both signals from the detector
circuit 19 are present within the required time period, a timer 22
is activated to energize a master traffic controller relay 23. A
delay adjustment 24 is provided to control the hold time of the
timer 22. The setting of the delay adjustment 24 determines the
length of time the traffic light is under the control of the system
10.
During normal operating conditions, the relay 23 is deenergized and
the traffic light 12 is under the control of the normal signal
controller 13. Energizing the relay 23 disconnects the normal
signal controller 13 and connects an emergency signal controller 25
with the traffic signal 12. It will be appreciated that the
emergency controller 25 can have a plurality of operating
functions, however, one of the preferred functions is that of
turning all of the lights in signals 12 to blinking red.
Details in the circuitry of the emergency vehicle detector 10 are
schematically illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3C. In FIG. 3A, the detector
15, the pre-amplifier 18, and the dual tone decoder circuit 19 are
represented. The detector 15 can be of any suitable type which will
convert audio energy to electrical energy, such as a conventional
speaker or microphone. In the present form of the invention, the
detector 15 is preferably an all-weather speaker. The speaker 15 is
connected to the input of the preamplifier 18 which employs
two-stage amplification and variable gain. Amplification is
provided by transistors 26 and 27 and the variable gain is provided
by a potentiometer 28. Suitable components which may be used in the
preamplifier 18 for one form of the invention are identified and
described below in Table 1.
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ IDENTIFYING NUMERAL
COMPONENT ______________________________________ 26,27 Transistor
2N5136 28 Potentiometer 10K 29 Resistor 1K 30, 43 Capacitor .001
.mu.F 31, 39, 41 Capacitor .5 .mu.F 32, 42 Resistor 6.2 K 33, 44
Resistor 100 K 34, 37, 48 Capacitor 300 .mu.F 35, 46 Resistor 68
36, 47 Resistor 470 38, 45 Resistor 10 K 40 Resistor 820
______________________________________ All resistance values are
stated in ohms.
The output of the preamplifier 18 is applied to the dual-tone
decoder circuit 19 which includes two active filter networks
employing operational amplifiers 49 and 50 and a frequency
determining network formed by capacitors 51 and 52 and inductor 53.
In the described form of the invention, components of the circuit
19 are selected such that the frequencies of 600 Hz and 900 Hz are
passed and amplified and substantially all other frequencies are
rejected.
Components for a suitable dual-tone decoder circuit 19 are
identified and described below in Table II.
TABLE II ______________________________________ IDENTIFYING NUMERAL
COMPONENT ______________________________________ 51 Capacitor
.3.mu.F 52, 63, 64, 66 Capacitor .1.mu.F 53 Inductor 1.2h 49, 50
Operational Amp 741 54 Capacitor .5.mu.F 55 Resistor 470 56, 57
Resistor 15 K 58 Resistor 330 59 Resistor 47 60, 61, 62 Diode 1N 64
65, 69 Resistor 1M 67, 68, 72, 73 Resistor 100 K 70 Resistor 1 K 71
Potentiometer 500K ______________________________________ All
resistance values are stated in ohms.
The output of each amplifier in the circuit 19 is applied to the
detector and gate circuit 20 which includes RC time circuits for
momentarily holding the signals received from the circuit 19. The
circuit 20 includes resistors 74a and 75a, capacitors 74b and 75b,
and, an AND logic gate comprised of transistors 76 and 77 and SCR's
78 and 79 which are employed to provide inputs to the AND gate.
When both the 600 Hz and 900 Hz signal are present, within a
selected time interval, both of the SCR's are triggered and current
flows from the SCR anodes to the cathodes so that the voltages
present at the anodes are reduced. These reduced voltages cause
transistors 76 and 77 to be biased into conduction which in turn
biases a transistor 80 into conduction. If both signals are not
present within the predetermined time period, the detector 20 is
reset by a pulse generated by a reset timer 21. The timer 21
employs a transistor 82, resistors 83, 84 and 85 and capacitor 86
to form a unijunction relaxation oscillator. The positive going
oscillator pulse is applied to the base of transistor 81 biasing it
into conduction, which lowers the voltage at its collector to
approximately zero volts. The collector of transistor 81 is
connected to the anodes of the SCR's 78 and 79 so that the voltage
drop turns the SCR's off to thereby reset the detector circuit.
Typical components used in the decoder and gate circuit 20 and the
reset timer circuit 21 are listed and described below in Table
III.
TABLE III ______________________________________ IDENTIFYING NUMBER
COMPONENT ______________________________________ 74a, 75a, 85
Resistor 10K 74b, 75b Capacitor 10.mu.F 76, 77 Transistor 2N2905
78, 79 SCR C22F 80, 81 Transistor 2N5136 82 UJT 2N1671 83, 94
Resistor 1K 85a Potentiometer 25K 86 Capacitor 100.mu.F 87, 89, 93
Resistor 6.8K 88, 90 Resistor 47 91, 92, 95, 96 Diode 1N914 97
Zener Diode 10v 98 Capacitor 20.mu.F
______________________________________ All resistance values are
stated in ohms.
Assuming that the requisite signals on lines 19a and 19b are
present, the transistor 80 conducts producing a voltage drop across
a resistor 99 which forms an RC charging circuit with capacitor 100
and produces the potential required to trigger the timer and relay
driver circuit 22. The capacitor 100 is conducted in parallel with
a resistive network comprising resistor 101 and potentiometer 102.
This network forms the discharging network for the capacitor 100
and determines the length of time that the energizing controller
has control of the light 12. The timer and relay driver circuit 22
is provided by a Schmitt trigger, transistors 103 and 104, and
transistor 105, the latter having a high current handling
capability for acting as a relay driver.
A complete listing and identification of components which may be
used in the timer circuit 22 is given in Table IV.
TABLE IV ______________________________________ IDENTIFYING NUMBER
COMPONENT ______________________________________ 99 Resistor 10 100
Capacitor 50.mu.F 101 Resistor 5 K 102 Potentiometer 25 K 103, 104
Transistor 2N5136 105 Transistor 2N798 106 Diode 1N914 107 Resistor
12 K 108, 112 Resistor 6.8 K 109, 110 Resistor 3.3 K 111 Resistor
10 K 113 Resistor 75 ______________________________________ All
resistance values are stated in ohms.
When the timer circuit 22 is activated, the relay driver transistor
105 is biased into conduction causing the relay 23 to be energized.
The relay 23 is a master relay and controls an interface relay 114
which is shown in FIG. 3C. In a system that uses a series of
spaced, synchronized traffic lights, it is desirable that the
normal time sequencing of the controller be maintained even though
the lights are being controlled by the energizing controller. To
this end, relay 114 is employed to disconnect only the output lines
of the normal controller 13 from the traffic signal 12 while the
internal sequencing of the controller is permitted to continue. The
relay 114 having contacts 115a-g, and 116a-g is connected in series
with the normal signal controller 13 and the traffic light 12. The
contacts 115a-g are connected to lines coming from the controller
13, and in the deenergized position connect lines from the
controller 13 to the signal light 12. Contacts 116a-g are used to
connect the emergency controller 24 with the signal 12 when the
relay 114 is energized.
When an emergency vehicle emits an audio signal having the desired
frequencies and time periods, the detector system 10 energizes
relay 23 which changes the position of the three associated relay
contacts which in turn energizes relay 114 through a line 23b',
applies power to the emergency controller 25 through a line 23e'
and starts a timer circuit 123 through a line 23h'. The timer
circuit 123 is similar to the timer 21 employed to reset the
detector and gate circuit 20. Components used in the timer circuit
123 are identified and listed below in Table V.
TABLE V ______________________________________ IDENTIFYING NUMERAL
COMPONENT ______________________________________ 119 UJT 2N1671 125
Resistor 1K 126 Resistor 470 127 Capacitor 100 .mu.F 128 Zener
Diode 10v 129 Resistor 10K 129a Potentiometer 25K
______________________________________ All resistance values are
stated in ohms.
After the timer 22 times out, relay 23 is deenergized which permits
the associated relay contacts to move to the open position while
relay 114 remains energized with coil power supplied through
contact 116a. When timer 123 times out, a pulse is generated to
trigger an SCR 124 which allows current to flow through the coil of
relay 121 thereby energizing the relay to change the position of
associated relay contacts 121a-121d from that shown in FIG. 3C.
This in turn supplies a voltage to contacts 116b and 116g through
relay contacts 121c and 121d to produce a solid green for
right-of-way traffic and a solid red for cross traffic.
Simultaneously, the normal controller 13 has been cycling and when
relay 121 is energized, a path for current is provided for the coil
of relay 122 by the contacts of 121b of relay 121. When the normal
controller returns to green for right-of-way traffic, an energizing
voltage is supplied to the coil of relay 122 through line 122'
which opens relay contacts 122a and 122b to deenergize relays 114
and 121 and reset SCR 124. The traffic signal 12 is thus returned
to the control of the normal controller 13 without going through an
improper color sequence and without having shortened color duration
in the first sequence following return to normal control.
The emergency controller 24 can have a plurality of modes of
operation depending on how the controller 24 is wired to the relay
114. In addition to the mode described, a flashing amber for the
right-of-way street A, and a flashing red for the cross-traffic,
street B, could be employed. Other modes are also possible. Control
of the modes can be effected by the positioning of switches 120a
and 120b. In the position illustrated, all lights exhibit a
flashing red and the phase detector 123 is in the circuit. In the
second position, the phase detector is out of the circuit and the
mode is blinking red for street B and blinking amber for street A.
While the circuitry has been illustrated with three colors, red,
amber and green, it will be appreciated that any lesser or greater
number of signals may be employed.
A form of a flasher unit used in the present invention is
illustrated in FIG. 4 and indicated generally at 130. The flash
unit includes a power supply, an oscillator, a bistable
multivibrator employing transistors 131 and 132 which trigger
triacs 133 and 134. When in operation, the flasher unit 130
produces flashing light signals. The color and location of the
flashing lights is determined by the location of the switches 120a
and 120b in FIG. 3C.
Listed below in Table VI are typical components which may be used
in the flasher circuit 130.
TABLE VI ______________________________________ IDENTIFYING
NUMBERAL COMPONENT ______________________________________ 131, 132,
150 Transistor 2N5136 133, 134 Triac SE45B 135, 136 Resistor 33
137, 138 Resistor 680 139, 140, 143, 146, 151 Resistor 10K 141,
142, 148, 155 Diode 1N914 144, 145 Capacitor .05 .mu.F 147 Resistor
1.2K 149 Capacitor .47.mu.F 152 Resistor 18K 153 Resistor 1.8M 154
Transistor 2N2905 156 Zener Diode 10v 157 Resistor 75 158 Resistor
56 2 watt 159 Capacitor 100 .mu.F 160, 161 Diode Rectifier
______________________________________ All resistance values are
stated in ohms.
The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention is
illustrative and explanatory thereof, and various changes in the
size, shape and materials as well as in the details of the
illustrated construction may be made within the scope of the
appended claims without departing from the spirit of the
invention.
* * * * *