U.S. patent number 3,880,286 [Application Number 05/371,364] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-29 for pallet packaging.
This patent grant is currently assigned to National Steel Corporation. Invention is credited to Hans F. Wegener.
United States Patent |
3,880,286 |
Wegener |
April 29, 1975 |
Pallet packaging
Abstract
Package structure including pallet members each having a base
member, a deck member, and compression-resisting means interposed
between the base and deck members. The compression-resisting means
includes coils of sheet metal, each of which has a plurality of
spaced-apart wraps. Each coil is resilient in a direction
transverse to the coil axis, rigid in a direction along the axis,
and held in position by resilient pressure of the coil against
retaining surfaces. The coils are further stiffened by corrugations
extending in a direction along the coil axis. Each pallet member
also includes aligning members for aligning the load and the pallet
member with respect to each other. Apertures are provided for
receiving and retaining strapping means which secure the pallet
members to the load. The pallet members are particularly useful in
packaging metal sheet stacks.
Inventors: |
Wegener; Hans F. (Michigan
City, IN) |
Assignee: |
National Steel Corporation
(Pittsburgh, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23463674 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/371,364 |
Filed: |
June 19, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
206/597;
108/54.1; 108/55.5; 108/56.3; 206/451; 206/600; 217/43A |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
25/24 (20130101); B65D 71/0092 (20130101); B65D
2571/00086 (20130101); B65D 2571/00111 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
71/00 (20060101); B65D 25/24 (20060101); B65D
25/20 (20060101); B65D 71/02 (20060101); B65d
019/02 (); B65d 019/36 (); B65d 019/40 () |
Field of
Search: |
;108/51,53,54 ;206/386
;214/1.5R ;217/43A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Price; William I.
Assistant Examiner: Bernstein; Bruce H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Shanley, O'Neil and Baker
Claims
I claim:
1. Pallet member structure, comprising
a base member,
a deck member having a load-receiving surface,
a spport member extending in a direction transverse to the
load-receiving surface and joining the deck member to the base
member,
the base member opposing and being spaced from the deck member,
and
compression-resisting means interposed between the base member and
the deck member,
the compression-resisting means including a sprial coil,
the coil having a plurality of wraps and having an axis,
the wraps being spaced from one another in a plane parallel to the
load-receiving surface,
the coil axis extending transversely to the load-receiving surface,
and wherein the pallet member structure further includes
opposed, spaced-apart coil-retaining surfaces extending
transversely to the load-receiving surface,
the coil being resilient in a direction transverse to the coil axis
and being rigid in a direction along the coil axis,
the coil being held in position against movement in a plane
parallel to the base and deck members solely by resilient pressure
of the coil tending to unwrap the coil against the coil-retaining
surfaces.
2. Structure as defined in claim 1, including
a retaining member projecting from the base member in a direction
toward the deck member but terminating in spaced relation to the
deck member,
one of the coil-retaining surfaces for the coil being located on
the support member,
another of the coil-retaining surfaces for the coil being located
on the retaining member.
3. Structure as defined in claim 1 wherein
the deck member has a back surface which faces away from the
load-receiving surface, and
wherein said deck member projects away from the support member a
greater distance than said base member to define a recess for
access to the back surface of the deck member by package-handling
equipment.
4. Structure as defined in claim 1,
the coil being of sheet metal and having stiffening corrugations
extending in a direction along the coil axis.
5. Structure as defined in claim 1, including
a load-aligning member projecting from the deck member in a
direction opposite to the direction of the support member.
6. Structure as defined in claim 5,
the support member including means defining an aperture contiguous
to the deck member for receiving and retaining strapping means for
securing the pallet member to a load.
7. Package structure, comprising
a load having opposite sides,
pallet means for supporting the load,
the pallet means comprising a plurality of pallet members including
a first formed sheet metal pallet member at one side of the load
and a second formed sheet metal pallet member at the other side of
the load,
each pallet member including
a deck member having a load-receiving surface,
the deck member having opposite edge portions,
a support member projecting from one edge portion of the deck
member in a direction transverse to the load-receiving surface,
a base member projecting from the support member in a direction
generally parallel to the load-receiving surface,
the base member opposing and being spaced from the deck member,
and
compression-resisting means interposed between the base member and
the deck member,
the compression-resisting means including a plurality of spiral
coils of sheet metal,
each coil having a plurality of wraps and having an axis,
the wraps being spaced from one another in a plane parallel to the
load-receiving surface,
the coil axis extending transversely to the load-receiving
surface,
the support members of the first and second pallet members
confronting one another, and
strapping means for securing the pallet members to the load,
and wherein each pallet member includes
opposed, spaced-apart, coil-retaining surfaces extending
transversely to the load-receiving surface,
each coil being resilient in a direction transverse to the coil
axis and being rigid in a direction along the coil axis,
each coil being held in position by resilient pressure of the coil
tending to uncoil the wraps against the coil-retaining
surfaces.
8. Structure as defined in claim 7,
each coil having stiffening corrugations extending in a direction
along the coil axis.
9. Structure as defined in claim 7,
each pallet member including
a retaining member projecting from the base member in a direction
toward the deck member but terminating in spaced relation to the
deck member,
one of the coil-retaining surfaces for each coil being located on
the support member,
another of the coil-retaining surfaces for each coil being located
on the retaining member.
10. Structure as defined in claim 7,
each pallet member including
a load-aligning member projecting from the other edge portion of
the deck member in a direction opposite to the direction of the
support member and engaging a side of said load.
11. Structure as defined in claim 10,
the support member including means defining an aperture contiguous
to the deck member for receiving and retaining the strapping
means.
12. Structure as defined in claim 11,
the load having opposite end portions,
the plurality of pallet members including a pair of pallet members
at each end portion of the load.
13. Structure as defined in claim 7,
the deck member of each pallet member having a back surface which
faces away from the load-receiving surface,
the support member and the compression-resisting means of each of
the first and second pallet members being spaced inwardly from the
respective side of the load to define a space for access to the
back surface of the deck member by package-handling equipment.
14. A one-piece sheet metal pallet member comprising
a deck member having opposite side and ends and an upper planar
load receiving surface extending therebetween,
a support panel projecting downwardly from one side of said deck
member,
an aligning panel projecting upwardly from the deck member at the
side opposite said first side to be engageable with the sides of a
load to be supported by the pallet for purposes of aligning the
pallet with the load, said one side and the opposite ends of said
deck member being unobstructed above the load-receiving surface so
as to accommodate loads of various sizes with the bottom surface of
the loads extending parallel and in contact with the load-receiving
surface,
a base member projecting inwardly from the lower extremity of said
support panel in underlying spaced relationship to the deck member,
the distance of projection of the base member from the support
panel being less than the distance across the deck member between
the opposite sides thereof such that a recess is defined below the
underside of the deck member and the base member providing access
to the underside of the deck member for package-handling equipment,
said base member extending substantially throughout the underside
of said member in the longitudinal direction thereof and defining
an elongated passage between said deck member and the base member
for receiving a plurality of compression resisting means, and
a retaining panel projecting upwardly from the base member opposite
the support panel in spaced relation to the deck member, said
retaining panel extending longitudinally substantially throughout
the base member for providing an abutment surface retaining said
compression-resisting means in said passage between the deck member
and the base member,
said pallet member adapted to be employed on one side of a load
together with an identical pallet member placed on the opposite
side of the load.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In mills producing flat metal products (e.g., steel sheets), it is
conventional to package the products for shipment on pallets for
handling by overhead-crane, forklift, or other manipulating
equipment. The pallets which are conventionally used are subject to
breakage and other deterioration under usage with heavy masses of
metal.
It has been proposed in the prior art to provide more durable
pallets, but the pallet designs put forward thus far have possessed
disadvantages or deficiencies which have prevented their being
entirely satisfactory. Accordingly, a need exists for an improved
package structure employing a pallet which is strong and durable,
but also inexpensive, lightweight, and easy to construct and
utilize. A main object of the invention is the fulfillment of this
need.
Other objects of the invention will appear from the following
detailed description which, in connection with the accompanying
drawings, discloses a preferred embodiment of the invention for
purposes of illustration only.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of package structure embodying
principles of the invention.
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of pallet details of the structure of
FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENT
In FIG. 1, package structure 10 includes a load 12 in the form of a
stack of rectangular steel sheets. The package has opposite sides
14, 16, and opposite end portions 18, 20.
Package 10 includes pallet means 22 for supporting the load. Pallet
means 22 consists of four spaced-apart, coacting, formed sheet
metal pallet members, with one pallet member being positioned at
each of the four corners of the load. The three pallet members
illustrated are indicated at 24, 26 and 28, and the fourth pallet
member is obscured from view in the drawing by load 12. The pallet
members are paired, with one pair at each end portion of the load.
One pallet member of each pair is at one side of the load, and the
other pallet member of each pair is at the other side of the load.
The pallet members of each pair are identical, although arranged
under load 12 so as to be mirror images of one another. Description
of one pallet member imparts an understanding of all.
For example, pallet member 24 (FIG. 2) includes a deck member or
panel 28 having a planar load-receiving surface 30. Deck panel 28
has opposite edge portions 32, 34, and an aligning member or panel
36 projects upwardly from edge portion 32 in a direction transverse
to load-receiving surface 30. The aligning panel extends along, and
fits snugly against, side 14 (FIG. 1) of load 12, and serves to
align the pallet member and the sheet stack with respect to one
another.
A support member or panel 38 (FIG. 2) projects from edge portion 34
of deck panel 28 in a direction opposite to the direction of
aligning panel 36. Support panel 38 includes a plurality of
apertures 40 which are contiguous to deck panel 28.
A base member or panel 42 projects from support panel 38 in a
direction generally parallel to load-receiving surface 30 and
toward aligning panel 36. Base panel 42 supports the package on a
floor, and a retaining member or panel 44 projects upwardly from
base panel 42 toward the deck panel but terminates at an end which
is spaced from the underside of the deck panel.
It will be appreciated that the deck, aligning, support, base and
retainer panels are advantageously and easily formed from a single
piece of sheet metal, preferably steel.
Compression-resisting means in the form of three coils 46 of sheet
metal are interposed between base panel 42 and deck panel 28. The
coils support the deck panel above the plane of the base panel
against crushing by action of the heavy sheet stack.
Each coil 46 has a plurality of wraps which are spaced from one
another in a plane parallel to load-receiving surface 30. This
arrangement is advantageous in providing a large area of support
under deck panel 28, and is further advantageous in reducing the
amount of material which is required for each coil. Coils 46 are
arranged with their axes 48 extending transversely to
load-receiving surface 30.
Each coil 46 is preferably made of sheet steel which is spirally
wound around the coil axis. Each coil has corrugations, as 50,
which extend in a direction along the coil axis and the
corrugations further stiffen the already strongly
compression-resistant coils against crushing by the sheet pack.
Pallet member 24 includes opposed, spaced-apart coil-retaining
surfaces 52, 54 which extend transversely to load-receiving surface
30. Surface 52 is on retaining panel 44, and is the surface which
faces support panel 38. Coil-retaining surface 54 is the surface on
support panel 38 which faces retaining panel 44. Each spiral coil
46 is resilient in a direction transverse to the coil axis, like a
coil spring, while being rigid in a direction along the coil axis
to resist loading forces. Each coil 46 is held in its position in
the pallet member by resilient pressure of the coil which is
applied against coil-retaining surfaces 52, 54 by the tendency of
the coil to unwind. Retention of the coils in position in this way
is advantageous in that no separate attaching means is required,
enhancing the simplicity of the device.
Pallet members 24, 26 (FIG. 1) are arranged with their respective
support panels confronting one another under the load. The support
panels, coils and retaining panels are spaced inwardly from the
sides of the load to define a space at each side of the load for
access to the bottom or back surface of each deck panel (i.e., the
surface which faces in the opposite direction from load-receiving
surface 30) by package-handling equipment.
Bands 56 of steel strapping pass through the apertures in the
support panels (as 40 in support panel 38, FIG. 2), for securing
the pallet members to load 12 (FIG. 1). Bands 56 pass under the
deck panels of pallet members 24, 26, pass through the apertures in
the support panels, and pass along the aligning panels vertically
upwardly to extend around the sheet pack. The walls of the
apertures in the support panels retain the bands in position.
In one mode of use of the packages, the pallet members are
positioned at the four corners of the space which is to be occupied
by the package, and the sheets which make up the load are then
stacked on the pallet members. If desired, this can be done in the
pallet box which is located at the end of many conventional shear
lines. When the stack is complete, strapping bands 56 are passed
through the apertures in the support panels and secured around the
load. The package is then complete and can be removed. Removal can
be effected for example by an overhead traveling crane equipped
with a conventional scissors-type lifting device having gripper
members which engage the back sides of the deck panels of the
pallet members. Or, if desired and if the sheets are of sufficient
length in relation to the length of the pallet members to allow
insertion of the forks of a lift truck between the pairs of pallet
members, the package can be removed by forklift. In this
connection, if desired an additional pair of pallet members can be
inserted at the longitudinal center of the load at a location
spaced from each of the pairs of pallet members at the end portions
of the load so as to allow insertion of each fork of the forklift
between an end pair of pallet members and the center pair. It can
be particularly advantageous in this mode to stiffen the corners of
the sheet stack with angle irons, although such stiffening can also
be employed when overhead-crane handling equipment is employed.
Packages according to the invention are highly advantageous. The
pallet members are extremely strong and durable, particularly with
respect to conventional wood pallets, yet are lightweight,
inexpensive, and easy to make and utilize. Moreover, the pallets
protect the sheets of the stack against damage, and facilitate the
banding operation while serving to hold the bands in position. The
compression-resisting coils are very economical, yet extremely
strong. All-steel pallets made in accordance with the invention
have sustained loads of 40,000 pounds.
As an example, each coil can be made from one two-inch wide steel
strip, one foot in length, spirally wound into a coil four inches
in diameter. However, it will be appreciated that other coil sizes
can be employed. Moreover, more or fewer than three coils per
pallet member can be used if desired.
It will further be appreciated that the pallet members can be
employed for handling loads other than steel sheet stacks, and that
the pallet members themselves can be made of materials other than
steel.
Although the invention has been described in connection with a
preferred embodiment, many modifications of that embodiment can be
made without departing from the principles of the invention.
Accordingly, for definition of the scope of the invention,
reference will be made to the appended claims.
* * * * *