U.S. patent number 3,880,058 [Application Number 05/369,289] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-29 for method for turning a flexible tube inside out.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ashimori Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Eiji Ichioka.
United States Patent |
3,880,058 |
Ichioka |
April 29, 1975 |
Method for turning a flexible tube inside out
Abstract
A method for turning a flexible tube inside out which comprises
the steps of turning a flexible tube inside out at its one terminal
end, fixing the terminal end having been turned inside out,
inflating the flexible tube to almost a circular shape in cross
section at the turning point where the tube is turned inside out
and at that portion extending from said turning point to said fixed
terminal end having already been turned inside out, while squeezing
the unturned successive portion of the flexible tube extending from
said turning point to the other terminal end. The portion which has
been turned inside out and the unturned portion of the flexible
tube is permitted to move along an axis extending outward from the
fixed terminal end, thereby continuously shifting the turning point
from the fixed terminal end to the other terminal end over the full
length of the tube. The present method is effectuated either by
applying fluid pressure internally to a confined chamber containing
the flexible tube, said chamber being provided with a means for
withdrawing one terminal end of the tube from the chamber or by
using a self-rotatable endless doubletubing while drawing the
flexible tube which is fixed at one terminal end thereof.
Inventors: |
Ichioka; Eiji (Osaka,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Ashimori Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
(Osaka-shi, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
13084648 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/369,289 |
Filed: |
June 12, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Jun 12, 1972 [JA] |
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47-58447 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
493/480;
66/149S |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16L
11/00 (20130101); B29D 23/001 (20130101); B29K
2021/00 (20130101); B29L 2023/005 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B29D
23/00 (20060101); F16L 11/00 (20060101); D06g
003/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;66/149S,9A
;93/84TW,84R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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957,929 |
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May 1964 |
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GB |
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1,040,384 |
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Aug 1966 |
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GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Lake; Roy
Assistant Examiner: Coan; James F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Stewart and Kolasch, Ltd.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for turning a flexible tube inside out which comprises
the steps of inserting a core material into the flexible tube,
passing the tube through the internal surface of a flexible
self-rotatable endless double-tubing, evaginating one terminal end
of the tube around the evaginated end on the external surface of
the double-tubing and causing the evaginated portion of the tube
and the core material to move in opposite directions with respect
to each other thereby turning the flexible tube inside out.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein a stiff shaft with its one
end fixed to a support is used as the core material and the
evaginated portion of the flexible tube is drawn along the axis
extending away from the fixed end.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein a flexible cordage is
used as the core material, a terminal end of the evaginated portion
of the flexible tube is fixed to a support and the cordage is drawn
along an axis extending outward from the fixed end.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of turning a flexible
tube inside out. More particularly, the present invention relates
to a method for turning a flexible tube inside out (evaginating),
said tube having been manufactured to purposely have reversed inner
and outer surfaces for convenience of manufacturing conditions.
In the manufacture of hoses such as a fire hose, it is known to
coat the external surface of a textile jacket made of woven or
knitted fibers in a tubular form with a film of a rubber or a
synthetic resin and then to turn the externally coated jacket
inside out to produce a hose with a lining of said rubber or
synthetic resin. For example, British Patent 957,929 discloses a
process for manufacturing a fire hose by inserting a hollow mandrel
into an externally coated flexible tubular jacket, turning one end
thereof into the mandrel and drawing the turned in end of the
jacket through the mandrel by means of a wire whereby the
externally coated jacket is evaginated over the full length
thereof. However, in this process wherein the flexible tubular
jacket is brought into contact with the hollow mandrel over its
entire length, a considerable force is required to smoothly draw
the jacket which is in contact with the mandrel. In this case, the
jacket is desirably thin and flexible as it is turned in over a
nose provided at the terminal end of the hollow mandrel and drawn
therethrough. If the jacket contains a certain amount of stiffness,
friction will be created between the turned portion and the
unturned portion at said nose which will disturb the smooth turning
of the jacket. Once the running jacket is obstructed, forced
drawing of the jacket will cause cracks, punctures or similar
problems. Accordingly, the process of said British patent is only
operable when using an extremely thin flexible tubular jacket and a
strong drawing force. Also, there are additional problems in the
process of the British patent in that the hollow mandrel should
have approximately the same length as the flexible tubular jacket
to be turned inside out and should be sufficiently strong to
withstand the strong drawing force while being supported at only
its one terminal end. Additionally, a number of different size
mandrels must be available since the diameter of the mandrel used
will vary as that of the flexible tubular jacket. It is therefore
difficult to prepare many different types of long, heavy, strong
mandrels and to be required to change them frequently depending on
the size of the flexible tube to be turned inside out. Accordingly,
there is a large demand for the development of an improved method
for smoothly turning a flexible tube inside out which eliminates
the above prior art problems.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an
improved method for smoothly turning a flexible tube inside out
utilizing a weak drawing force.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an economical
method for turning a flexible tube inside out without encountering
the problems found in the prior art.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a
flexible tube with a lining of a rubber or a synthetic resin having
an even thickness and being substantially free of
imperfections.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention
will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a
consideration of the following specification and claims, taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the
accompanying drawings which are not to be considered as being
limitative and wherein;
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a pressure apparatus for carrying out
evagination of a flexible tube externally coated with a film of
rubber or a synthetic resin of even thickness;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the apparatus
of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an evagination means using a
self-rotatable endless double-tubing;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a self-rotatable endless
double-tubing;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the self-rotatable endless
double-tubing of FIG. 4 taken along line A--A'; and
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of another type of evagination means
using a self-rotatable endless double-tubing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a
method for turning a flexible tube inside out which comprises the
steps of turning a flexible tube inside out at its one terminal
end, fixing the terminal end having been turned inside out,
inflating the flexible tube to almost a circular shape in its cross
section at the turning point where the tube is turned inside out
and at that portion extending from said turning point to said fixed
terminal end having already been turned inside out while squeezing
the unturned successive portion of the flexible tube extending from
said turning point to the other terminal end. The portion which has
been turned inside out and the unturned portion of the flexible
tube is permitted to move along an axis extending outward from the
fixed terminal end, thereby continuously shifting the turning point
from the fixed terminal end to the other terminal end over the full
length of the tube.
In the case where a flexible tube is evaginated, the turning
position, where a portion of the tube having been evaginated and a
portion of the tube not yet evaginated are in contact with each
other, should be set in the neighborhood of one terminal end
thereof. Since the evaginated portion and the unevaginated portion
of the tube are each equal in their diameters, either one of the
portions can be forcedly inserted into the other. Thus, the portion
inserted inside will inevitably form wrinkles and possess a wavy
peripheral wall. At the turning point, the portion having a smooth
wall is connected at a very short distance to the portion having a
wavy wall, thus creating an unnatural distortional state. If the
turning point in said state is shifted, some friction will be
produced between said two portions to cause obstruction to
evagination.
According to the method of the present invention, shifting of the
turning point can be smoothly achieved without damaging the
external rubber or synthetic resin coating by inflating the tube at
the turning point and in its portion previously turned inside out
(i.e., an outer portion) while squeezing a subsequent portion not
yet turned inside out (i.e., an inner portion). In this case, the
space between the evaginated outer tube and the unevaginated inner
tube is enlarged and the externally coated inner tube having a
wrinkled and wavy wall can be turned inside out very smoothly at a
certain extended distance to form a roundly inflated outer tube
with the desired lining.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, fluid
pressure is utilized for inflating the tube at the turning point
and in the previously evaginated portion while squeezing the tube
in a subsequent unevaginated portion. In this case, a flexible tube
usually arranged in a coiled condition is placed in a confined
pressure container and one terminal end of the tube is fixed to the
container, while the other terminal end is allowed to extend
outside of the container through a nozzle provided therein. A
portion of the tube extending outside of the container is
evaginated and the terminal end is fixed onto the external surface
of the nozzle. A fluid such as air or a liquid such as water is
introduced into the container under pressure whereby the tube is
inflated at the turning point and in the previous evaginated
portion while the tube in the subsequent unevaginated portion is
squeezed or compressed. By maintaining an adequate inner pressure,
the tube squeezed in the container is gradually unwound and is
directed toward the nozzle whereby the turning point is shifted
from the terminal end evaginated outside the nozzle to the other
terminal end over the full length of the tube. Accordingly, the
fluid pressure functions not only for inflating and simultaneous
squeezing the tube but also as a propellant for extruding the
squeezed tube from the nozzle whereby evagination is automatically
attained.
Since, in the above-mentioned embodiment, evagination of the tube
cannot be effected smoothly if it is made of a relatively stiff
material or has a relatively small diameter, according to a further
embodiment of the present invention, the squeezed tube is reeled
off in a twisted condition whereby the tube becomes smaller in its
size and easily passes through the inside of the evaginated tube
with a negligible frictional resistance. In this embodiment the
tube is reeled off from the terminal end near the core of the
coiled tube.
In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a
self-rotatable endless double-tubing is utilized as a means for
inflating the tube at the turning point and in the previously
evaginated portion for a certain distance. In this case, the tube
supported on a mandrel or wire can smoothly be turned inside out by
a relatively weak force without using a confined pressure container
and fluid pressure. The self-rotatable endless double-tubing is
quite unique in the art and can generally be manufactured by
turning a tubing made of a natural or synthetic rubber such as
butyl rubber inside out from its one end to half of its full length
and bonding the evaginated end to the other end of the tubing not
yet turned inside out. Thus, the external surface of one end of the
tubing is bonded, after evagination, to the internal surface of the
other end of the tubing to form a double-tubing which, in
longitudinal section, looks like a caterpillar or endless belt.
This double tubing may thus be considered a three dimensional
tubular endless belt and is easily self-rotatable by friction when
an external force is added onto the external surface of the
double-tubing in its longitudinal direction. In actual use, the
endless double-tubing is fully charged with a gaseous and/or liquid
substance so that the double-tubing may be inflated to almost a
circular cross sectional shape. Simultaneously a small amount of
friction is created between the internal surface of the flexible
tube and the external surface of the double-tubing inserted
thereinto which produces its self-rotation. To avoid mechanical
damage such as the frictional abrasion of the double-tubing, the
surface of the double-tubing may be appropriately treated. A
preferable surface treatment includes coating the surface with
cloth or other anti-abrasion layers. The manufacture of the endless
double-tubing is relatively simple and the size thereof, i.e., the
diameter and length, can adequately be determined according to the
size of the flexible tube to be evaginated.
The flexible tube may be made of any of the fibrous materials which
are woven or knitted in a tubular form and externally coated with a
film of natural or synthetic rubber of a synthetic resin. The
flexible tube may also be a water permeable or impermeable plastic
resinous material shaped into a tubular form and coated with a
different type of water impermeable resin. Preferred fibrous
materials are natural and synthetic organic fibers and inorganic
fibers such as cotton, linene, glass, regenerated cellulose,
polyamides, polyesters, and the like.
This invention will now be described in more detail with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a pressure apparatus for turning flexible tubes inside
out, including a flexible tube 1 having an evaginated portion 1-a,
an unevaginated portion 1-b and a portion 1-c at the turning point.
A pressure container 2 supported by legs 7 has a nozzle 3 fixed to
the container 2 and may be closed tightly with a cover (not shown).
The nozzle 3 is provided at its pointed end with a metal fastner 4
which functions to fix the evaginated terminal end of the flexible
tube 1. The container 2 is provided, for example, at its bottom
portion, with an inlet 5 through which a fluid can be introduced
under pressure by means of a pump (not shown). A shaft 6 is mounted
to the inner wall of the container 2.
A flexible tube 1 wound into a coil is disposed on the shaft 6 in
the pressure container 2 and an outer terminal end of the tube 1 is
drawn and passed through the nozzle 3 from the interior of the
container 2. The terminal end of the tube 1 is then turned inside
out and secured to the metal fastener 4. The pressure container 2
is then closed tightly and a fluid is introduced into said
container through the inlet 5. Water is most suited as the pressure
fluid. As the fluid is pumped into the container, the portion 1-c
and the already evaginated portion 1-a are inflated to a round
shape by the inner pressure of the fluid while the unevaginated
portion 1-b is maintained in a floating condition. The portion 1-c
at the turning point is inflated internally by the fluid pressure
and then turned inside out to form the evaginated portion 1-a with
the simultaneous and continuous forward movement of the portion 1-b
toward the turning point. Accordingly, the portion 1-b changes at
the turning point to portion 1-c which is then evaginated to form
portion 1-a. The tube in the pressure container 2 is continuously
removed from the reel and allowed to move through the nozzle 3
toward the turning point where the tube is turned inside out. Since
the portion 1-c and the evaginated portion 1-a are inflated to a
round shape by the internal fluid pressure and since the
unevaginated portion 1-b is maintained in a squeezed state by the
fluid pressure, the flexible tube 1 can be turned inside out
smoothly without any difficulty. Where the unevaginated portion 1-b
is passed through the inside of the evaginated portion 1-a, some
friction is produced between the inner surface of the portion 1-a
and the outer surface of the portion 1-b. However, the pressurizing
fluid functions as a lubricant which substantially reduces the
friction. It should be noted that the use of the apparatus of this
type is not suitable when the material of the tube is relatively
stiff or the diameter of the tube is relatively small, for example,
as small as about 1 inch. In such a case, the friction between the
portions 1-a and 1-b is substantial and thus evagination cannot be
achieved unless an extremely high pressure is applied to the
apparatus. This is due to the fact that portion 1-b passing through
the portion 1-a internally inflated to a cylindrical form is
maintained in a flattened condition and the folded edge portions
thereof lose their flexibility and resist evagination at the
turning point.
FIG. 2 shows an improved variant of the apparatus of FIG. 1. The
flexible tube 1, which is wound into a coil, is placed on a table 8
in the pressure container 2. The table 8 is preferably curved
circularly as shown in the drawing to stabilize the tube against
rolling. The tube is drawn from the core of the coil, passed
through nozzle 3 and then treated as explained with reference to
FIG. 1. According to this improved embodiment, the tube is drawn
from the central portion of the tube coil without permitting any
rotation of the coil, thereby maintaining the tube in a twisted
state as shown in the drawing. When a tube in the flattened state
is twisted, the flattened tube will curl in its cross section so as
to depict a "C"-shape and, in an extreme case, the folded edge
portions of the flattened tube will become adjacent to each other
and form almost a circular shape in cross section. Thus, the size
of the portion 1-b is smaller and thus readily passes through the
evaginated portion 1-a without any substantial amount of frictional
resistance. In actual operation, using the apparatus of FIG. 2, a
hose having a three-fourths inch diameter is easily turned inside
out by an application of pressure of about 5 kg./cm.sup.2 or less,
whereas the same hose could not be turned inside out in a similar
operation using the apparatus of FIG. 1, even by using a pressure
of 8 kg./cm.sup.2 or more. When using a tube having a diameter of
at least 2 inches, either of the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2 may be
employed. However, when the apparatus of FIG. 1 is employed, it is
preferred to use a guid assembly for curving the flattened tube to
a U-shape or C-shape in its cross section prior to passing the tube
through the evaginated portion 1-a, thereby effectively minimizing
the frictional resistance.
The pressure apparatus of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 may have a plurality of
nozzles to enable the evagination treatment to be conducted on
several tubes at one time. In any case, the terminal end of the
tube 1 placed in the pressure container 2 has to be closed very
tightly. If several tubes are treated at one time, they will not be
evaginated at the same time and the one most susceptible to
evagination will first be evaginated. If the terminal end of the
tube in the pressure apparatus has not been suffficiently closed,
the pressurizing fluid in the pressure container will be violently
projected through the hollow evaginated tube, thus making it
impossible to continue the evagination treatment for the remaining
tubes. Closing of the terminal end of the tube placed in the
pressure container is particularly recommended when the above
embodiment of the present invention is adopted for manufacturing a
hose by evaginating an externally coated tubular textile jacket.
The pressure test and pinhold detecting test of such hose can be
made at one time in the same pressure container after manufacture
of the hose.
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention, wherein a
flexible tube 1 is first placed closely on a shaft 9 with its one
end fixed. A self-rotatable endless double-tubing 10 is then placed
on the flexible tube 1 and positioned near the fixed end of the
shaft 9. The terminal end of the tube 1 near the fixed end is
evaginated and placed on the external surface of the double-tubing
10 whereby an evaginated portion 1-a and a portion 1-c at the
turning point of the tube are inflated by the fluid pressure of the
double-tubing 10 whereas the unevaginated portion 1-a is drawn
parallel to the shaft 9 along an axis extending in the opposite
direction from the fixed end of the shaft. The endless
double-tubing 10 moves on the shaft 9 in the same outward direction
(toward the left side of the drawing) from its original position by
its self-rotation and the portion 1-b is smoothly turned inside out
in compliance with the movement of the double-tubing 10. In this
case, no strong drawing force is required and thus the turning
point is shifted from one terminal end to the other terminal end
over the full length of the tube 1 by a relatively weak drawing
force. The resulting evaginated tube is free of wrinkles and other
imperfections unlike the case of said British patent 957,929, where
a tube is turned into a hollow mandrel having an inner diameter
less than that of the tube.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show a self-rotatable endless double-tubing 10
comprising an internal tube 11 and an external tube 12, each made
of the same flexible material such as rubber or a synthetic resin.
The external and internal tubes unite at their left and right ends
to form an endless double-tubing. Since the internal tube 11 and
the external tube 12 each have an equal diameter, the internal tube
exists in the state of being forcedly inserted into the external
tube. When a pressurizing fluid is charged into the endless
double-tubing 10, the external tube 12 is inflated into a circular
cross sectional shape while the internal tube 11 is squeezed out of
shape. Since the internal and external tubes 11 and 12 have an
equal diameter and are made of a flexible material, self-rotation
of the double-tubing caused by friction between the external tube
and a tube placed thereon alternates the external tube with the
internal tube. In FIG. 4, the internal tube 11 moving on account of
the frictional force is turned inside out at the right end to form
the external tube 12 while the external tube 12 moving with the
drawn tube by friction is reversed in its running direction at the
left end and pulled inside to form the internal tube 11. Such
self-rotation of the double-tubing 10 is continuous and looks, in
its sectional (longitudinal) view, as if it were the motion of an
endless belt or caterpiller. The double-tubing 10 is provided on
its internal surface with a fluid charging means B, e.g., a rubber
tip as seen in a tennis ball or an air valve as seen on inner tubes
of tires, through which a pressurizing fluid substance, e.g., air
is injected into the internal space of the double-tubing 10.
FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the present invention using an
endless double-tubing 10, wherein a flexible tube 1 is wound at one
terminal end into a coil 13 through which a tape 14 is inserted
over the entire length of the tube 1. The endless double-tubing is
placed on the flexible tube 1 at its one terminal end and the tube
1 is turned inside out at this end so as to cover the endless
double-tubing 10, the evaginated portion 1-a and the portion 1-c at
the turning point are inflated while the unevaginated portion 1-b
is pressed against the tape 14. The evaginated terminal end of the
tube 1 is secured in this state to a suitable support and the tape
14 is then drawn along an axis extending outward from the secured
end (in the right-hand direction in the drawing), whereby the
turning point is shifted from one terminal end to the other
terminal end over the full length of the flexible tube 1 with the
continuous self-rotation of the double-tubing 10, to produce the
smooth evagination of the flexible tube 1. Any type of cordage such
as wire, rope, a belt or the like can be used in place of the tape
14. It is desirable that the endless double-tubing 10 have an
almost equal diameter to the internal diameter of the flexible tube
1. If the diameter is too large, it will become difficult to place
the evaginated terminal end of the tube 1 on the endless double
tubing 10. On the other hand, if the diameter is too small, the
portions 1-a and 1-c will be insufficiently inflated, thus making
smooth evagination difficult. However, the external diameter of the
endless double-tubing 10 will not have to be strictly the same as
the internal diameter of the flexible tube 1 and may be such that
the already evaginated portion 1-a can be maintained in an almost
circular cross sectional shape.
In the embodiments of the present invention using the
self-rotatable endless double-tubing, evagination of a flexible
tube may be carried out by two alternative methods. One method
comprises inserting a core shaft into a flexible tube, fixing one
end of the shaft to a support and drawing one terminal end of the
tube in contact with the external tube of the double-tubing along
an axis extending outward from the fixed end as shown in FIG. 3 and
the other method comprises inserting a core shaft or cord into a
flexible tube, fixing one terminal end of the evaginated tube to a
support and drawing the core shaft or cord along an axis extending
outward from the fixed end as shown in FIG. 6. It is also possible
to draw both of the core shaft and the flexible tube in the
opposite direction to each other.
The method of the present invention is featured by inflating the
flexible tube at its turning point and where it has been evaginated
while squeezing the unevaginated portion of the tube through the
application of internal fluid pressure or the use of a specific
endless double-tubing. Thus, passing of the unevaginated portion
through the evaginated portion becomes easier and evagination of
the tube proceeds smoothly at the turning point, requiring only a
relatively weak drawing or extruding force.
In the embodiment using the pressure container of FIGS. 1 or 2, the
pressure container must be able to tolerate a high internal
pressure and can be used for treating, at one time, one or more
flexible tubes of various diameters from about one-half inch to
about 5 inches. A tube of any different size can be treated in the
same pressure container by merely exchanging the nozzle according
to the size of the tube to be treated. This present process brings
about a great economical advantage in the hose manufacturing
industry.
The embodiment using a self-rotatable endless double-tubing is also
advantageous in that it eliminates the need for large-scale,
complicated equipment, since a flexible tube can easily be turned
inside out with the use of only two simple elements, i.e., a core
member and a specific endless double-tubing. This embodiment
enables the treatment of flexible tubes having a variety of inner
diameters by simply exchanging the endless double-tubing according
to the size and internal diameter of the tubes to be turned inside
out. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the use of a long shaft
equal in length to the flexible tube to be turned inside out is
required but the force needed for evagination is so small that
drawing of the tube can be attained manually with the power of only
one operator.
The method of the present invention is particularly useful as a
step for evaginating an externally coated tubular textile jacket in
a method for manufacturing a hose for high pressure liquids, for
example a fire hose. This is achieved by forming a coating of
rubber or a synthetic resin on the external surface of a tubular
textile jacket and turning it inside out. Thus, the method of the
present invention is generally applicable for manufacturing a
tubular material with a lining having an even thickness and being
free from any imperfections by the evagination technique applied to
an externally coated tubular material.
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the
same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be
regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention,
but all such modifications are intended to be included within the
scope of the following claims.
* * * * *