U.S. patent number 3,879,951 [Application Number 05/373,580] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-29 for underwater drilling pollution control curtain.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sun Oil Company. Invention is credited to Charley Mack Mason.
United States Patent |
3,879,951 |
Mason |
April 29, 1975 |
Underwater drilling pollution control curtain
Abstract
A pollution control curtain attached to the sea floor on one end
and to a collar floating on the surface of the sea on the other end
for positioning around a drilling platform to entrap the petroleum
fluids seeping from the well head or sea floor being serviced by
said platform and to convey said fluids to the surface within a
predefined area from which they can be collected.
Inventors: |
Mason; Charley Mack (Denton,
TX) |
Assignee: |
Sun Oil Company (Dallas,
TX)
|
Family
ID: |
23473007 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/373,580 |
Filed: |
June 25, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
405/60 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B
43/0122 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E21B
43/00 (20060101); E21B 43/01 (20060101); E02b
017/00 (); E02b 015/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;61/1R,1F,46,46.5
;210/242,121,DIG.21 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kannan; Philip C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Church; George L. Johnson; Donald
R. Dixon; Anthony J.
Claims
The invention claimed is:
1. Apparatus for production of liquids lighter than water and
immiscible therewith through offshore wells which comprises
a. a conduit for conveying said liquids from beneath the ground
through a body of water to a point above the surface of the
water,
b. a float enclosing an area surrounding said conduit on the
surface of the water,
c. a curtain extending from said float to a point essentially above
the floor of the body of water thereby defining a passageway and
enclosing a volume surrounding said conduit beneath the surface of
the water, said volume being in fluid communication with the water
surrounding said curtain via said passageway thereby equaling
inside and outside pressure, said curtain further comprising a
flexible upper portion and a lower portion,
d. a support member surrounding said conduit at a fixed level,
e. a flexible upper portion of said curtain which extends from said
float to said support member whereby the float can vary in vertical
location with respect to the support member as the surface level of
the body of water changes,
f. a lower portion of said curtain extending downwardly from said
support member to a point above the floor of said body of water,
the cross-sectional area defined by said float being different than
the cross-sectional area defined by said member,
g. a plurality of inwardly opening slots positioned in the walls of
said lower portion to allow water from outside the curtain to flow
into the curtain and thereby be in fluid communication with water
flowing through the passageway at the bottom of said curtain
thereby equaling inside and outside pressure and
h. means for anchoring the lower end of said curtain to the sea
floor to maintain its vertical position whereby liquid leaking from
said conduit into said body of water rises through said volume and
collects at the surface of the water in said area in a body of said
liquid confined by said float.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the cross-sectional
area defined by said float is greater than the cross-sectional area
defined by said member.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the cross-sectional
area defined by said float is less than the cross-sectional area
defined by said member.
4. Apparatus for production of liquids lighter than water and
immiscible therewith through offshore wells which comprises
a. a conduit for conveying said liquids from beneath the ground
through a body of water to a point above the surface of the
water,
b. a float enclosing an area surrounding said conduit on the
surface of the water,
c. a curtain extending from said float to a point essentially above
the floor of the body of water thereby defining a passageway and
enclosing a volume surrounding said conduit beneath the surface of
the water, said volume being in fluid communication with the water
surrounding said curtain via said passageway thereby equaling
inside and outside pressure, said curtain further comprising a
flexible upper portion and a lower portion,
d. a support member surrounding said conduit at a fixed level,
e. a flexible upper portion of said curtain which extends from said
float to said support member whereby the float can vary in vertical
location with respect to the support member as the surface level of
the body of water changes in a random cantilever type action,
f. a lower portion of said curtain extending downwardly from said
member to a point above the floor of said body of water, the
cross-sectional area defined by said float being essentially the
same as the cross-sectional area defined by said support
member,
g. a plurality of inwardly opening slots positioned in the walls of
said lower portion to allow water from outside the curtain to flow
into the curtain and thereby be in fluid communication with water
flowing through the passageway at the bottom of said curtain
thereby equaling inside and outside pressure and
h. means for anchoring the lower end of said curtain to the sea
floor to maintain its vertical position whereby liquid leaking from
said conduit into said body of water rises through said volume and
collects at the surface of the water in said area in a body of said
liquid confined by said float.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a marine structure for the reduction of
the pollution caused by petroleum fluids seeping from underwater
drilling operations. More particularly, it relates to a curtain
which surrounds the underwater portion of a drilling platform,
forming a barrier between the escaping fluids and the open sea and
defining an enclosure from which these fluids can be easily
collected.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Production of oil and gas from offshore locations is now
commonplace in many parts of the world using surface equipment such
as "Jack-up" rings, floating rigs and drilling platforms.
Upon discovery of a field, it is common practice to build a
permanent production platform and drill directional wells from the
platform in a radial pattern. These platforms usually comprise a
rectangular truss-like structure composed of hollow tubular
sections which is known as a jacket. The jacket is towed to sea,
set in position and then anchored by driving piling through the
vertical hollow members of the truss.
When the drilling is commenced, one problem that frequently arises
is controlling the seepage of petroleum fluids from around the well
head. Riser pipes of many designs, through which drilling equipment
is operated between the surface and the well head, are not designed
to adequately control this problem.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A system has now been found for containing this underwater seepage
and transporting it to the surface within a small area whereby it
can be easily collected and not pose a serious threat to the marine
environment. This system comprises:
A. a curtain which encloses the subsurface in a body of water,
attached at its upper end to the truss below the surface of the
body of water and at its lower end to the floor of the body of
water,
B. a floating collar which defines an area on the surface including
the drilling platform, and
C. a flexible barrier surrounding the truss attached at one end to
the collar and at the other end to the top of the curtain whereby
seeping fluid is communicated from the sea floor upward to a
predefined area on the surface.
The advantages of such a system are many and they include more
efficient clean-up in the event of major seepage and less need for
expensive surface clean-up equipment to stand by, since any seepage
will be contained in a predefined area.
These and other advantages of the present invention will become
apparent upon reading the more detailed description which
follows.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the pollution control curtain in
its preferred embodiment surrounding a drilling platform.
FIG. 2 is a cross-section on line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a cross-section of the inwardly opening flap in a closed
position.
FIG. 4 is a cross-section of the inwardly opening flap in an open
position.
FIGS. 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams of alternate embodiments of
the pollution control curtain.
THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 shows a drilling platform, 3, positioned on a truss support
4 which extends to the floor of the body of water in which the
drilling is taking place, 15. The riser pipe 5 through which the
drill bit and conduit pass is shown reaching from the platform to
the well head 6. Surrounding the entire truss is the pollution
control curtain 7, which is attached to the truss at point 12 on
its lower section and at point 10 by a support member below the
water surface. An extension flap, 13, attached to the bottom of the
curtain, extends over an area of the floor 15 which is greater than
the cross-sectional area of the curtain. This flap is attached to
the floor by cables 14 with a space between the bottom of the flap
and the floor itself. The curtain contains numerous slots, 16,
which open inwardly to allow equalization of pressure on both sides
of the curtain. The spaces left between the flap and the floor also
serve this function.
Attached to the upper end of the curtain at point 10 is a flexible
barrier 17 which allows for communication of fluid to the surface
within an area defined by a rigid collar 8, attached to floats 9
and to the upper end of the flexible barrier. As the water level
changes due to tidal activity, etc., the collar rides upon the
surface and the flexible barrier maintains the connection between
the collar and the curtain. The collar is operable whether it is
larger or smaller in the surface area then the curtain. The smaller
collar is shown in FIG. 5. It is also envisioned (not shown) that a
second collar, surrounding the first collar, can be utilized to
provide a lock for the ingress and egress of boats. Also, the
collar itself can be constructed from a floating material.
Fluids seeping from the well head, or from a fault in the sea floor
in another embodiment, rise to the surface within the area defined
by the control curtain. At the surface, the resulting oil slick is
confined to the area defined by the floating collar from which it
can be collected. As the water level changes, due to tidal
activity, winds, or storms, the collar rides on the surface and the
flexible section of the barrier maintains communication between the
collar and the control curtain.
Water currents and pressure necessitate inwardly opening flaps and
a space between the lower end of the curtain and the sea floor so
as to equalize these effects on both sides of the curtain and
prevent collapse.
Also, no flaps should be located in the upper most section of the
curtain which comprises the oil zone.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the slot in the curtain is merely a cut
in the curtain and a piece of flexible material 18 is attached to
the inside of the curtain over the slot at points 19 to act as a
check valve. Since the cross-sectional area of all of the slots is
kept well below the cross-sectional area of the curtain, the
downward water velocity will be slower than the bubble rise
velocity of the liquid petroleum so as to maintain the flotation
mechanism at the interior volume of the curtain.
It is envisioned that similar systems can be used to control
seepage from the sea floor where no platform has been placed by
positioning the present apparatus over the seeping fault. The
system can also be used around a drill pipe being operated from a
floating vessel.
It is also envisioned that the entire assembly can be within the
drilling platform supports rather than surrounding them. Also, the
flexible position can comprise the uppermost section of the curtain
which will shift in a random cantilevering fashion as the water
level changes as shown in FIG. 6. This system, too, can be within
or without the drilling platform supports.
The body of the curtain can be fabricated from any flexible or
rigid material with sufficient strength and resistance to corrosion
to serve in a subsurface structure, such as steel plate and cable,
plastic, heaving gauge, Neoprene, canvas or combinations of and the
like. The flexible flap can be fabricated from heavy canvas,
Neoprene and the like.
* * * * *