U.S. patent number 3,879,776 [Application Number 05/432,399] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-29 for variable tension fluid mattress.
Invention is credited to Morris Solen.
United States Patent |
3,879,776 |
Solen |
April 29, 1975 |
Variable tension fluid mattress
Abstract
A mattress for support of the human body in which the body
engaging surface includes a large number of individual inflatable
pads. The pads, forming either the entire mattress or an individual
zone thereof are interconnected to a single fluid chamber providing
a predetermined fluid pressure. In a mattress divided into zones,
means are provided so that pressure in various zones may differ
from each other. Moreover, the pressure in any zone or of the
entire mattress may be varied at the user's will, such that the
hardness or softness of the mattress is adjustable. The individual
inflatable pads include a bellows like flexible tube having a
flattened closed end at the top and secured to a rigid base at the
bottom through which fluid may be supplied to the pad. A
restrainer, such as a chain, may be affixed within the pad to limit
its elongation under pressure.
Inventors: |
Solen; Morris (Sonoma, CA) |
Family
ID: |
23716000 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/432,399 |
Filed: |
January 10, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
5/665; 297/DIG.2;
5/672; 5/713; 5/948 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47C
27/081 (20130101); A47C 27/085 (20130101); Y10S
5/948 (20130101); Y10S 297/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47C
27/08 (20060101); A47c 027/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;5/348R,348WB,349,350,348 ;297/DIG.8,DIG.2 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gilliam; Paul R.
Assistant Examiner: Calvert; Andrew M.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Flehr, Hohbach, Test, Albritton
& Herbert
Claims
I claim:
1. A fluid mattress comprising a flat rigid upper wall, a rigid
lower wall and a rigid peripheral wall, said walls being joined
together in fluid tight relationship to form a fluid chamber, a
field of pressure expandable pads secured to said top wall, each of
said pads comprising a bellows shaped tube having a closed upper
end and an open lower end, and means within the bellows shaped tube
for limiting the expansion thereof, the interior of each of said
pressure expandable pads being in fluid communication with said
fluid chamber, and means for applying fluid under pressure to said
chamber.
2. A fluid mattress as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for
applying fluid under pressure to said chamber includes means for
applying said fluid at selectively variable pressure.
3. A fluid mattress as defined in claim 1, together with divider
means located within said rigid walls for dividing said fluid
chamber into compartments and means for applying fluid under
selectively variable pressure to each of said compartments.
4. A fluid mattress as defined in claim 1, together with a cover
disposed about said pressure expandable pads and removeably secured
to said peripheral wall.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fluid mattresses of the prior art, that is, both the air and water
mattresses, have generally included either a single chamber or a
pluality of totally isolated chambers. Neither arrangement provides
an ideal solution. With respect to the single chamber movement at
any part of the surface of the mattress is quickly transferred to
the remaining surface of the mattress. With respect to the isolated
compartments, the individual compartments are not able to
interadjust to accommodate the weight distribution of the body on
the mattress itself. Moreover, the fluid mattresses of the past
have relied entirely on the strength of the compartment.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION AND OBJECTS
The invention is incorporated in a mattress including a rigid
walled chamber forming a base upon which a plurality of pressure
expandable pads are secured. The interior of each pad is in
communication with the chamber to which may be applied a fluid such
as air, water or oil under pressure. The individual expandable pads
may have means to limit their expansion regardless of the
pressure.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a new and
improved type of mattress.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved
fluid mattress in which the pressure throughout the mattress or at
various zones can be quickly and easily varied at will.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a mattress
having the above features and further in which the level of the
mattress does not increase beyond a predetermined limit despite
increased pressure therein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a mattress in accordance with the
invention, as installed on a bed;
FIG. 2 is a detail view taken along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1 and
showing two alternative constructions of expandable pads in
accordance with the invention; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the interconnection of the
air chambers of the mattress in accordance with the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown partially broken away a
fluid mattress 11 in accordance with the invention disposed on a
bed frame 13 having a headboard 15. The bed frame 13, rather than
carrying the usual box springs, may include a series of drawers 17
since the box springs are unnecessary when utilizing the mattress
in accordance with the invention.
Also, as shown in FIG. 1 but in more detail in FIG. 2, the mattress
includes a fluid chamber 19 defined by upper and lower walls 21 and
23 which may be formed of plywood and a peripheral wall 25. The
upper wall 21 may be permanently secured to the peripheral wall 25
by an adhesive or the like but the lower wall 23 is preferably
connected by means of screws 27 in conjunction with a fluid tight
membrane such as rubber stripping 29.
As shown schematically in FIG. 3 the fluid chamber 19 may be
compartmentalized by a longitudinal divider 31 such as may be used
in a double occupancy bed. If desired, the chamber may be further
compartmentalized by cross dividers 33 to provide individual zones
of the fluid chamber for each occupant. In addition, the upper and
lower walls 21 and 23 of the chamber may be connected together by
short blocks 35 spaced throughout in order to minimize any swelling
under pressure. Rather than being formed of wood as shown, the
walls 21, 23 and 25, as well as the blocks 35 and dividers 31 and
33 may be formed of a plastic material.
On the top wall 21 is secured a plurality of pressure expandable
pads 37 or, as alternatively shown in FIG. 2, 37a.
Referring particularly to the pads 37 they include a generally
bellows shaped tube 39 having a closed end 41 and an open end 43.
The tube is preferably formed of a flexible material such, for
instance, as a rubber 45 molded over a nylon material 47. The pad
is clamped to the top wall 21 by means of a disc 49 secured to a
hollow stem 51 having a threaded end 53. The stem 51 is passed
through an opening in the upper wall 21 and secured the pad thereon
by means of a nut 55. If desired the pad 37 can be further secured
to the top wall 21 by means of an adhesive 57.
A reinforcing member 59 may be secured to the top of the pad 37.
The member 59 may be in the form of a thick rubber disc and may
further include a coil of wire 61 molded therein. Also secured at
the end 41 is a hook or eye 63 which cooperates with a restraining
member such as the chain 65, the other end of which is attached to
a loop 67 formed on the tube 51. The chain 65 may be replaced by
any suitable elongation limiting means such as a cord or a flexible
wire serving merely to limit the upward expansion of the pad 37
regardless of the internal pressure.
The alternative pad 37a, shown in FIG. 2, is also in the form of a
bellows like tube but includes side walls 69 formed of a plastic
material.
As shown best in FIG. 1 a plurality or field of the pads 37 are
mounted on the fluid chamber wall 21 forming the surface of the
bed. A molded ring 71 of latex or foam rubber, for instance,
surrounds the field of pads and supports them to form a firm edge.
A foam pad 73 overlies the top of the pads 39 providing a smooth
top surface of the mattress. A cover 74 formed of a ticking
includes a stationary portion 74a and a removeable portion 74b
connected together by a zipper 76. The stationary portion 74a is
secured to the peripheral wall 25 in any convenient manner such as
stapling.
As shown schematically in FIG. 3 each division of the fluid chamber
19 includes a fluid inlet 75, shown also in FIG. 2. Each fluid
inlet 75 is connected to a variable pressure regulator 77 through a
fluid line 79. The regulator 77 may include a calibrated pressure
dial. Also pressure gauges may be included. In the particular
example shown three such regulators 77 are associated with each
side of the mattress and may be physically mounted beneath the
mattress itself, as shown in FIG. 1. All of the regulators 77 are
connected to a storage tank 81 by means of a conduit 83 and the
storage tank is, in turn, connected to a fluid pump 85 through a
conduit 87 having a check valve 88. The fluid pump 85 is activated
by a motor 89 which is, in turn, switched on and off in response to
an electrical signal from a pressure sensitive switch 91 through a
line 93. An alternative to the pump 85 and motor 89 is a manually
actuated pump used to create a surplus of fluid in the tank 81. The
tank 81 and, if desired, the various compartments of the chamber 19
are fitted with pressure relief valves 92. In the event the fluid
used is a liquid, further means must be provided to direct the
output of the relief valves 92 to a safe and convenient
location.
In practical application the pressure sensitive switch is set to a
pressure somewhat greater than the highest pressure to be
anticipated by any of the regulators 77. The motor 89, and the pump
85 then serve to maintain pressure in the tank 81 at a sufficiently
high level. Pressure may be applied to any portion of the chamber
19 through the selected regulator 77 to make that particular
portion as firm or as soft as desired by the occupant. Fluid in any
particular portion of the chamber 19 is supplied to the pads 39
through the hollow stems 51. The internal diameter of the stems 51
is selected such as to somewhat restrict passage of fluid
therethrough and thereby prevent rapid collapse and rise of the
pads 39. On the other hand, the openings are selected sufficiently
large so as to avoid whistling or other noise during the passage of
fluid. The particular dimension of the opening in the tube 51 will
be dependent upon the particular fluid used and the pressure under
which the system will operate. It should be recognized, however,
that very little fluid need be moved to vary the pressure in the
individual pads 39 since their length is limited by the chain 65.
Consequently, the only fluid to be moved is that required to
increase or decrease the amount of pressure.
As an alternative to the automatic pressure regulators, two sets of
manually operable valves could be employed. The valves of one set
are employed in place of the regulators 77 and permits selective
application of fluid from the pressurized tank 81 to various
portions of the chamber 19. The other set of valves are relief
valves connected to each portion of the chamber 19. Thus by opening
a valve of the first set, pressure in a selected portion of the
chamber is increased while opening a valve of the second set,
pressure will be lowered.
* * * * *