U.S. patent number 3,879,770 [Application Number 05/432,433] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-29 for fluid operated bathtub lift.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Grant Airmass Corporation. Invention is credited to Benton H. Grant.
United States Patent |
3,879,770 |
Grant |
April 29, 1975 |
Fluid operated bathtub lift
Abstract
A bathtub lift system comprises a fluid operated lift composed
of three, coaxially mounted tubular members. A main tube is fixed
in position on a base and carries within it a sleeve-like thrust
tube which carries a piston assembly at its lower end. A tie rod
secures the thrust tube to the piston and the outer carrier tube
rests on the upper end of thrust tube on a low friction bearing. A
chair or the like, is rotatably mounted on the carrier tube. The
thrust tube and carrier tube move together axially relative to the
main tube under the influence of fluid pressure applied to the
piston through the base, to move the chair into or out of a tub or
the like. The carrier tube is rotatable through 360.degree. to
swing the chair over or exterior to the tub, without transmission
of torque to the piston assembly. The chair is secured to the
carrier tube by means of a fixed hook member on the carrier tube
engaging a horizontal bar on the chair. The chair is prevented from
being inadvertently dislodged by a positively locked latching hook
which overlaps the engagement of the bar with the fixed hook. The
latching hook must be lifted to free the chair from the two
hooks.
Inventors: |
Grant; Benton H. (Stamford,
CT) |
Assignee: |
Grant Airmass Corporation
(Stamford, CT)
|
Family
ID: |
26863415 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/432,433 |
Filed: |
January 11, 1974 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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167716 |
Jul 30, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
4/563.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61G
7/1076 (20130101); A61G 7/1003 (20130101); A61G
7/1019 (20130101); A61G 7/1059 (20130101); A61G
7/1044 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61G
7/10 (20060101); A47k 003/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;4/185,185L ;92/109,108
;187/8.41,8.75 ;254/93H |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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499,000 |
|
Jan 1939 |
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GB |
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1,203,038 |
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Jul 1959 |
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FR |
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Primary Examiner: Artis; Henry K.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: St. Onge Mayers Steward &
Reens
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 167,716 filed July
30, 1971 for "Fluid Operated Bathtub Lift" now abandoned.
Claims
Having described the invention, what is claimed is:
1. A fluid operated bathtub lift system comprising, in
combination:
A. a base,
1. means forming a fluid pressure chamber on said base, and
2. means forming at least one fluid passageway;
B. a cylindrical main tube vertically mounted to said base in
substantially fluid-tight relationship about said pressure
chamber,
1. and having a bearing member secured adjacent the top of said
main tube, a. said bearing member having means forming a central
opening therethrough;
C. a cylindrical carrier tube telescopically mounted for axial and
rotational movement over said main tube,
1. the inner diameter of said carrier tube exceeding the outer
diameter of said main tube by an amount sufficient to leave an
annular clearance space of predetermined radial dimension
therebetween,
2. a top plate attached to said carrier tube;
D. a thrust tube assembly mounted for axial movement within said
main tube and carrying means forming a piston assembly adjacent the
lower end thereof and rotatably supporting said carrier tube on the
upper end thereof, said thrust tube assembly comprising
1. a thrust tube supported at its lower end on said piston assembly
and rotatably supporting at its upper end the top plate of said
carrier tube, with said piston assembly and said carrier tube top
plate being spaced by a thrust tube around a central rod,
2. said thrust tube passing through said central opening of said
bearing member, and
3. low friction bearing means on said thrust tube assembly between
said carrier tube top plate and said piston assembly;
E. a plurality of clearance rings secured on one of said main tube
and said carrier tube at selected spaced positions along the length
thereof and extending into said clearance space,
1. said clearance rings each having a thickness dimension which is
slightly less than the said radial dimension of said clearance
space; and
F. human body supporting means mounted on said carrier tube.
2. The bathtub lift system defined in claim 1 wherein said thrust
tube assembly further comprises a loosely fitted rod positioned in
the upper end of said thrust tube, a guide plate around the upper
end of said thrust tube and having at least a plurality of
diameters slightly less than the inner diameter of said carrier
tube, with said low friction bearing means being positioned on said
rod.
3. The bathtub lift system defined in claim 1 wherein said low
friction bearing means comprises a bushing made of polymeric
material, said bushing resting on a low friction washer, said
washer being secured over the top of the upper end of said thrust
tube.
4. The bathtub lift system defined in claim 1 wherein said thrust
tube is formed in two sections, with a stop member secured around a
central rod extending from said piston assembly upwardly between
said two thrust tube sections, said stop member limiting upward
movement of said thrust tube assembly by engagement of said stop
member with said annular bearing.
5. The bathtub lift system defined in claim 1 wherein one of said
clearance rings is secured around and adjacent the outer top of
said main tube and a second of said clearance rings is secured
around the outer bottom of said main tube.
6. The bathtub lift system defined in claim 3 wherein said
clearance rings are made of a low friction polymeric material.
7. The bathtub lift system defined in claim 1 wherein said human
body supporting means comprises,
G. a hook means secured to said carrier tube for supporting a chair
frame;
H. a chair means having a horizontal support bar extending from the
hook of said chair and engageable with said hook means; and
I. a latching means pivotally disposed above said hook means and
having a downwardly extending end portion engageable with said
horizontal support bar from above and overlapping an upturned
portion of said hook means, whereby said latching means prevents
said horizontal bar from being disengaged from said hook means
without lifting of said latching means by other than upward
movement of said bar.
8. The bathtub lift system defined in claim 7 wherein said latching
means further comprises a dog member rotatably secured to a portion
of said latching means and engageable with a portion of the
latching means to positively lock the end portion of said latching
means into overlapping position with respect to said upturned
portion of said hook means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
To the infirm or elderly bathing can be a serious problem since it
is often very difficult or impossible for these people to lift
themselves into or out of a tub. Even with help the problem exists
since manually lifting an adult into or out of a tub is a difficult
procedure and the risk of injury to either party is great.
Accordingly, mechanical lifting devices have been developed to aid
in this operation. These prior art devices, however, have suffered
from various shortcomings.
Some of the prior devices have been unduly complicated and
cumbersome. This adds to their expense and the likelihood of
breakdown, and may limit their use to institutions, whereas many
infirm or elderly have need for such lifting devices in their
homes. Other prior devices have been unsightly and are difficult to
maintain in a sanitary condition due to their construction and
submersion, while still others as a result of their non-rigid
construction have subjected their users to unnecessary (albeit
unfounded) fears of falling or collapse. As will be understood
these fears are often magnified out of proportion in those already
infirm or at an advanced age.
One real danger, however, occurs with the use of a removable chair
on the bath lift. The chair should be well supported and firmly
held in use, but be easily removable when desired. It is
particularly dangerous when the person in the chair inadvertently
lifts the chair which may dislodge it from a hook or catch.
Another problem occurs when the piston is rotated with respect to
the main tube of such a bathtub lift. Rotation of the piston will
cause fluid leakage under pressure and will substantially shorten
the life of the apparatus.
Accordingly, representative objects of the present invention are to
provide a bath lift operated by an improved fluid operated lift
system, and which is simply and rigidly constructed, operates
smoothly, efficiently and easily, is attractive and sanitary, and
which lends itself to use in the home as well as in
institutions.
A further object of the invention is to provide a bath lift chair
and attaching mechanism which will provide ease and safety of
operation.
Another object of the invention is to provide a bath lift of the
above character in which rotative movement of the chair will not be
transmitted to the piston assembly.
Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and will in
part appear hereinafter.
The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction,
combinations of elements, and arrangement of parts which will be
exemplified in the constructions hereinafter set forth, and the
scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fluid operated lift, and more
particularly to a lift system for transporting the infirm or
elderly into and out of a bathtub or the like.
The basic lift comprises three, preferably cylindrical tubes
co-axially mounted together. A main tube is fixedly mounted to a
base through which fluid under pressure can be introduced. The main
tube is therefore stationary and serves to mount, support and guide
the moving members of the lift.
A sleeve-like thrust tube is mounted within the main tube for axial
movement relative thereto. The thrust tube has at its lower end a
piston assembly carrying a substantially fixed piston against which
the fluid acts to actuate the lift. A carrier tube is mounted over
the main tube and rotatably rests on the thrust tube at its upper
end, beyond the top of the main tube. The thrust tube is preferably
made in two sections which are loosely positioned around a central
tie rod which in the preferred embodiment is secured to the piston
assembly. The top of the carrier tube rests upon the top of the
thrust tube through a low friction bearing means comprising a
bushing of polymeric material positioned over the top of a central
positioning rod which fits into the top of the thrust tube to a
point short of the central tie rod. The bushing rests on a
polymeric washer which is supported on the positioning rod by nuts
or the like. A guide plate centers the positioning rod within the
upper end of the carrier tube.
The thrust tube and carrier tube move together axially under the
influence of fluid pressure on the piston. The use of tubular
members mounted together as described results in a relatively rigid
construction which is essentially fully enclosed for ease of
sanitary maintenance and an aesthetic appearance.
The carrier tube (and its attached chair) are freely rotatable
through 360.degree. with a minimum or torque being transmitted from
the carrier tube top plate to the piston because of the low
friction bearing member.
A chair is rigidly mounted to the carrier tube to complete the
stable and rigid assembly of the lift system. The chair is provided
with a positive latching means for preventing inadvertent
dislodging of the chair. A horizontal bar on the chair frame
engages an upturned fixed hook on the yoke bar and is positively
held by a downturned, pivotable latching hook having a long end
portion overlapping the upturned portion of the fixed hook. The
latching hook may be further positively held by a freely pivotable
dog which engages a support member to prevent lifting of the
latching hook without rotative movement of the dog member. Thus, if
the chair is raised the latching hook will retain the chair frame
bar and guide it back down into supporting engagement with the
fixed hook once the chair is again lowered.
Operation is typically effected through a control valve which may
replace the normal bathtub faucet. The control valve is connected
to the base of the lift by a feed line. Water under normal line
pressure is thus used by regulating its flow to actuate the lift
and raise or lower a patient seated thereon. Rotation of the chair
to positions over and exterior to the tub is readily accomplished
manually, without undesirable rotation of the piston assembly. The
vertical movement of the system is mechanically stopped at the full
up and full down positions. The construction of the lift permits
360.degree. rotation of the chair so that the lift may be placed in
a number of operable positions with respect to a bathtub.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the
invention, reference should be had to the following detailed
description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view showing the bathtub lift system of the
invention with a rotated position of the chair shown in phantom
lines.
FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of the bathtub lift system of the
invention showing it in raised position over a tub, with the lower
position of the chair shown in phanton lines.
FIG. 3 is a top view in partial section taken along lines 3--3 of
FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged, broken, side elevational view in section of
the bathtub lift of the invention.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial sectional view taken along line 5--5
of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged front view of the lift chair partially broken
away and in partial section.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the top portion of the carrier tube
and thrust tube.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, the bathtub lift system 10 is
illustrated in an embodiment which is secured to the floor 12
adjacent the foot 14 of a bathtub 16. It will be understood,
however, that the bathtub lift system of the invention can just as
easily be positioned adjacent either side of tub 16 or adjacent the
head 18 thereof. System 10 may also be secured to a platform or the
like adjacent tub 16, or suitably modified to rest on the rim 17 of
the tub 16 itself.
As shown in FIG. 4, base 22 preferably comprises a hollow cast
metal member 24 which is secured to floor 12 (FIGS. 1 and 2) by a
series of bolts 26 or the like extending through a peripheral
flange 28. The upper surface 30 of base 22 carries an upstanding
cylindrical wall 32 which defines at its interior a fluid pressure
chamber 34. A central post 36 extends upwardly through the center
of chamber 34 through which passageway 52a connects to tube 54 to
form a bleed line from chamber 34. Tube 54 is closed by a cap or
plug 56 after air is bled from the chamber. Tube 54 may also be
used as an alternate discharge line for water.
The ingress of actuating fluid to and from chamber 34 is provided
through a passageway 38 and line 46 secured as by a threaded
coupling 48. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, fluid line 46 is then
connected to a suitable source of pressurized fluid which is
typically the water faucet servicing tub 16. The water faucet is
preferably fitted with a control valve 50 (FIGS. 1 and 2) for
example of the plug valve type, which typically has one setting
which allows water to flow through line 46 to raise the lift,
another setting which allows water to drain out of the lift to
lower it, a third setting which stops all water flow to stop the
lift, and generally two additional settings which allow the tub and
any shower connected therewith to be operated in normal fashion. It
will be understood, however, that lift system 10 may also be
operated from other sources of pressurized fluid separate from the
normal town water supply.
Still referring to FIG. 4, a cylindrical main tube 58 is secured,
preferably by being press fitted and soldered or welded, over wall
32 of pressure chamber 34 to mount it to base 22. The bottom of
main cylinder 58 is further preferably received in a shallow groove
60 running around base of wall 32 to lend added rigidity to the
assembly and to accept a soldered or welded seal. As will be seen
from the following discussion, main tube 58 is thus positioned to
act as a stabilizing guide for lift system 10 during its up and
down motions in operation.
As further shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a thrust member 62 preferably in
the form of a cylindrical tube is coaxially mounted within cylinder
tube 58 to act as the principal actuating member of lift system 10.
Thrust tube 62 is sufficiently smaller in diameter than tube 58 so
as to leave a substantial clearance space between it and the
interior of main tube 58.
Thrust tube 62 carries at its lower end 62a a piston assembly shown
generally at 66, against which the fluid pressure in chamber 34
acts to raise and lower the lift system 10. As shown in FIG. 4,
piston assembly 66 comprises a suitably threaded tie rod 68 which
holds a cupped elastomeric gasket 70 by means of a lower nut 72.
The gasket and piston plate 78 are held against upward movement by
nut 76 and the cylindrical tube 62 which fits around nut 76 or
rests on nut 76.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 7, it will be seen that the top plate
100 is secured to the carrier tube 96 by a plurality of bolts or
cap screws 102 which are threaded into shoulder portion 104 of
plate 100. The underside of plate 100 rests upon a nylon bushing 99
which is fitted around the upper end of positioning rod 68a and
which rests upon a nylon washer 101 which in turn rests upon a nut
103a. Nut 103a secures guide plate 103 between it and nut 103b on
the threaded positioning rod 68a. Optionally, there may be provided
a nylon washer 105 resting on the top of upper thrust tube portion
62b for additional insurance against transmission of torque from
rotation of the carrier tube to the piston assembly 66. Thus the
carrier tube rests on the low-friction nylon bushing and is freely
rotatable through 360.degree. with the nylon washers 101 and 105
providing further low-friction bearing surfaces for rotative
support of the carrier tube. The guide plate 103 centers the upper
thrust tube portion 62b within the carrier tube, since the guide
plate is preferably circular and has close clearance at its outer
edge 103c with the interior surface of carrier tube 96. Positioning
rod 68a extends downwardly into the thrust tube portion 62b a
distance of about 12 inches and is loosely fitted in the thrust
tube portion 62a with clearance between its lower end 68b and the
upper end 68c of tie rod 68. Thus the positioning rod 68a and tie
rod 68 are spaced apart a sufficient distance to prevent any
transmission of torque through the tie rod from the rotation of the
carrier tube while the low-friction nylon bushing and one or more
washers minimize the transmission of torque from the carrier tube
to the thrust tube 68b. In some applications the nylon bushing 99
alone, or other bearing means, may be sufficient as a bearing
member.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, it will be seen that the inner diameter
of carrier tube 96 is sufficiently greater than the outer diameter
of main tube 58 so as to leave an annular clearance space 98 having
a predetermined radial dimension R therebetween. In the
construction zone, for example, the outer diameter of main tube 58
may be 4.250 inches while the inner diameter of carrier tube 96 may
be 4.810 inches, thus leaving a radial dimension R for clearance
space 98 of 0.280 inch.
Main tube 58 is provided with an annular plate member 106 which is
secured to the upper end thereof by a plurality of bolts 108 which
also hold clearance ring 116 in place. As will be more fully
explained hereinafter, clearance ring 116 is preferably made of a
low friction polymeric material to space the upper end of main tube
58 from the interior of carrier tube 96. The central portion of
plate 106 is provided with an opening 110 to permit passage of
thrust member 62 therethrough. As seen in FIGS. 4 and 5, the upper
portion 62b is separated from the lower portion 62a by an annular
stop member 112 held between the two halves of thrust tube 62 by
the weight of the carrier tube 96 on the thrust tube. The stop
member 112 positively limits the upward travel of the thrust tube
62 (and the carrier tube 96) when the stop member 112 engages plate
106 at the top of main tube 58.
Referring again to FIG. 4, it will be seen that around the lower
circumference of the main tube 58 there is provided a clearance
ring 118 secured by screws 120 to the main tube. The clearance
rings 116 and 118 are preferably made of a tough, low friction
plastic material to permit vertical travel of the carrier tube
without binding action on main tube 58.
Rings 116 and 118 have a thickness (FIG. 5) which is slightly less
than the radial dimension R of clearance space 98. In the example
discussed above wherein the radial dimension R is 0.280 inch, the
thickness of rings 116 and 118 will typically be in the order of
0.250 inch leaving a clearance of 0.030 inch for axial movement of
carrier tube 96. Rings 116 and 118 in the example cited above will
also typically have both a height and a radius of curvature on
their arcuate sliding surfaces of about one-half inch.
As best seen in FIGS. 8, 4 and 5, the chair 122 for supporting and
transporting a person into and out of a tub or the like is
preferably detachable from the carrier tube mount 138 which
comprises a steel yoke 138 around carrier tube 96 and held thereto
as by set screws 145 to provide vertical adjustment of the chair
support with respect to the carrier tube. The chair itself may
comprise a separate removable back portion 124 and seat 126 along
with arm members 132, 132, or an integral "bucket" seat, all of
which may be molded of a polymeric material such as polystyrene or
polypropylene. The seat 126 is also preferably cut out as at 136
(FIG. 1) to aid in the bathing of a patient's perineum area. The
chair assembly further comprises a tubular frame 140 having a
horizontal bar portion 140a, two spaced vertical portions 140b
preferably integral with the arm engaging portions 140c. The chair
is preferably removable from the tubular frame 140 for cleaning,
etc.
The chair assembly is held in position on the carrier tube by
engagement of the horizontal bar member 140a with the split
upturned hook 142 which is secured to the mounting yoke 138.
Integral with hook 142 is an upright portion 144 which pivotably
supports a large downturned latching hook 146 on pivot pin 148. The
end 146a of hook 146 is curved along surface 146b to engage the top
of bar 140a. This curved configuration of latching hook 146 in
conjunction with the location of pivot 148 generally prevents the
horizontal bar from inadvertently being dislodged from bifurcated
hook 142 unless latching hook 146 is manually lifted to remove the
horizontal bar 140a. Thus, pivotable hook member 146 drops into
position between the bifurcated hook 142 to effectively restrain
horizontal bar 140a from being moved forwardly and out of
engagement with hook 142 unless hook 146 is first lifted before any
upward movement of the bar. If a patient or operator of the device
should inadvertently lift up on the chair assembly, bar 140a would
engage the curved portion 146b of latching hook 146 and lift it to
an upper limit restrained by hook 146. Bar 140a, however, upon
being lowered cannot move to the left as seen in FIG. 4 to
disengage from the bifurcated hook 142 because of its engagement by
hook 146. Thus the bar 140a is guided back into supporting
engagement with bifurcated hook 142 when the chair is again lowered
to prevent inadvertent dislodging of the chair from its
support.
To further assure against inadvertent dislodgement of bar 140a from
the bifurcated hook 142, there is provided a freely swinging dog
152 which may be formed as a channel member fitting around hook 146
and secured thereto by a pivot pin 153. The lower end of dog 152
thus will engage the yoke 138 and will positively prevent latching
hook 146 from releasing bar 140a unless dog 152 is manually rotated
to permit lifting of hook 146 and removal of the chair 122.
The chair assembly is further stabilized by resting against a plate
150 which is secured as by welding to the bottom of U-shaped bar
member 154 and which terminates in a pair of horizontal ends 150a,
b, upon which chair frame bars 140b rest. The upper ends of 154a
are secured in support cross bar 156 by means such as set screws
158, cross bar 156 being secured to the yoke 138 as by welding. As
best seen in FIG. 6, the U-shaped bar 154 fits within the indented
portion of bars 140b to provide a limit of lateral motion of the
chair while the chair support bars 140b rest upon the ends of plate
150.
The position of the chair can thus be altered by positioning of the
ends 154a within support member 156. As the ends 154a are
positioned more to the left or right as seen in FIG. 4, the tilt of
chair assembly 122 is changed because of the relationship of the
chair support pivot point as horizontal bar 140a is held by the
bifurcated hook 142 in fixed position while the rest plate 150 will
have its horizontal position changed. Thus, a slight inward or
outward adjustment of the bar ends 154a will result in a
substantial change in the angle of seat 126 to the horizontal.
Thus, the chair assembly is fail-safe from the standpoint that it
cannot be inadvertently dislodged from its hook 142 unless the
locking hook 146 is consciously lifted to permit the release of
horizontal support 140a. Further, because the chair assembly is
pivoted about hook 142 and rests upon cross plate 150, a slight
change in the horizontal position of the end members 154 will
provide the desired angle of seat 126.
Operation
To use lift system 10, chair 122 is first manually rotated from the
position shown in FIG. 1 where it is positioned directly over tub
16, to the position shown by dashed lines in FIG. 1 where chair 122
is exterior to tub 16. It will be noted that such manual rotation
may be readily accomplished with little effort since carrier tube
96 can rotate 360.degree. around the main tube 58.
Once in the exterior position, the operator turns control valve 50
to the "down" setting which allows water to drain out from pressure
chamber 34. This permits thrust member 62, attached carrier tube 96
and chair 122 secured thereto to gradually lower to a lowered
position outside the tub as shown in FIG. 1 in outline. In the
lowered position of chair 122, a patient may be readily transferred
thereto from a wheelchair, or may position himself thereon with
relative ease if he has even a minimum of mobility. The operator
then turns control valve 50 to the "up" position which permits
water to enter pressure chamber 34 and act against piston assembly
66. This raises thrust member 62, attached carrier tube 96 and
chair 122 to their raised position, at which point chair 122 may be
readily manually rotated back to the position over tub 16 shown in
FIG. 1. If desired, the chair can be rotated a full 360.degree.
around the vertical axis of the lift. The operator then turns
control valve 50 again to the down position allowing water to be
forced out of pressure chamber 34, slowly lowering chair 122 into
tub 16 in the position shown by dotted lines in FIG. 2. Due to the
positive control and rigid structure of lift 10, this entire
procedure may be performed without subjecting the patient to
unnecessary fears of falling or collapse. Lift 10 may also be
stopped at any intermediate position in the procedure by merely
turning control valve 50 to a "stop" position wherein water is
neither allowed to enter or leave pressure chamber 34. Once within
tub 16 bathing may progress in a normal manner, and when completed
the procedure is reversed to again lift the patient out of the tub
and position him for return to a wheelchair or for exiting seat 122
under his own power.
If at any time during the operation of the lift the chair 122 is
inadvertently raised, the latching hook 146 and dog 152 will retain
the horizontal support bar 140a over the upturned bifurcated hook
142 to assure positive re-engagement of the chair frame with the
support. When it is desired to remove the chair, dog 152 is held up
and latching hook 146 is lifted to permit disengagement of support
bar 140a from hook 142.
While lift 10 has been illustrated and described primarily for use
in conjunction with a tub, it will be understood that it may be
applied to analogous applications such as for lifting patients into
and out of a pool for water therapy and the like.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among those
made apparent from the preceding description, are efficiently
attained and, since certain changes may be made in the above
constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it
is intended that all matter contained in the above description or
shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as
illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended
to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention
herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention,
which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall
therebetween.
* * * * *