U.S. patent number 3,878,900 [Application Number 05/407,154] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-22 for snowmobile trail groomer.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Bombardier Limited. Invention is credited to Pierre Paul Boisse, Jacques Bombardier, Rejean Leclerc.
United States Patent |
3,878,900 |
Boisse , et al. |
April 22, 1975 |
SNOWMOBILE TRAIL GROOMER
Abstract
A grooming apparatus for snow surfaces such as snowmobile trails
comprises a heavy elongate frame having an articulated forward end
supported on skis, and a rear end supported on a skid. Centrally of
the frame is a transverse blade structure behind which is
positioned a massive pivotally mounted compactor bar. In contrast
to new equipment of this type, the present grooming apparatus
provides for vertical adjustment of the frame relative to the front
skis and the rear skid.
Inventors: |
Boisse; Pierre Paul (Valcourt,
Quebec, CA), Bombardier; Jacques (Valcourt, Quebec,
CA), Leclerc; Rejean (Valcourt, Quebec,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Bombardier Limited (Valcourt,
Quebec, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
4095005 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/407,154 |
Filed: |
October 17, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S.
Class: |
172/145; 37/219;
172/197; 172/784; 172/188; 172/407; 37/221 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E01H
4/00 (20130101); E01H 4/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E01H
4/00 (20060101); E01H 4/02 (20060101); A01b
051/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;172/145,133,140,188,197,199,387,392,393,395,407,413,781,784,789,780,795,116
;37/41,48-50,10 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Burr; Edgar S.
Assistant Examiner: Eickholt; E. H.
Claims
What we claim as our invention is:
1. Apparatus for grooming a snow surface comprising an elongate
frame having forward and rearward ends and skid means adjacent each
end to support the frame for sliding movement upon the snow
surface, a blade structure carried by said frame and extending
transversely thereof, said blade structure having a generally
horizontal lower edge, a horizontal compactor extending
transversely of the frame and mounted thereon rearwardly of the
blade structure, said compactor comprising a heavy, rigid, elongate
member pivotally mounted on an axis transverse to said frame,
abutment means on said frame defining a limiting position for said
compactor, said limiting position being spaced rearwardly and
downwardly of the pivotal axis such that the compactor is urged by
gravity towards said limiting position but in operation may be
displaced pivotally upwardly and rearwardly by the mass of snow to
be compacted, and means for adjusting the height of said frame
relative to said skid means.
2. Apparatus for grooming a snow surface comprising an elongate
frame having forward and rearward ends and skid means adjacent each
end to support the frame for sliding movement upon the snow
surface, a blade structure carried by said frame and extending
transversely thereof, said blade structure having a generally
horizontal lower edge, a horizontal compactor extending
transversely of the frame and mounted thereon rearwardly of the
blade structure, a deflector plate mounted on said frame above and
adjacent the rear of said blade structure, said deflector plate
being of a length corresponding to that of the blade structure and
being downwardly inclined in the rearward direction so that in
operation it acts to deflect snow shaved by the blade structure
downwards into the path of the compactor, and means for adjusting
the height of said frame relative to said skid means.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the blade structure is
downwardly and forwardly inclined at an angle of approximately
45.degree. to the vertical.
4. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said front skid means
comprises a pair of spaced skis on the front portion of the frame
adjacent the lateral edges thereof the rear skid means comprising a
plate which extends the full width of the frame.
5. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said blade structure and
said compactor extend over substantially the full width of the
frame.
6. Apparatus according to claim 2 further comprising a support
pivotally mounted on a transverse axis at the rear of said frame
said support carrying a pair of spaced, downwardly extending arms
and the lower end of each arm being pivoted to the rear skid means,
and actuator means on said frame operative to pivot said support
relative to said frame thereby to adjust the effective height of
said frame relative to said rear skid means.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said actuator means
comprises a fluid pressure operated piston and cylinder assembly
connected at one end to said frame and at its opposite end of said
support at a location spaced from the pivotal axis of the
latter.
8. Apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said frame has a forward
section upon which said front pair of skis is mounted and which is
articulated with respect to the remainder of said frame upon which
said blade and said compactor are mounted, said forward section of
the frame being adjustable in the vertical direction with respect
to the remainder of said frame thereby to vary the effective height
of the latter with respect to the front skid means.
9. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said vertical adjustment
is effected through a fluid pressure operated piston and cylinder
assembly connected between the forward section of said frame and
the remainder of the frame.
10. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein at least the lateral end
portions of said blade structure are forwardly inclined with
respect to said transverse direction.
11. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said blade structure
comprises two blade sections which meet centrally of the frame and
extend laterally therefrom at a slight forward inclination.
12. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein the front skid means
comprises a pair of spaced skis on the front portion of the frame
adjacent the lateral edges thereof, the rear skid means comprising
a plate which extends the full width of the frame.
13. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the front skid means
comprises a pair of spaced skis on said forward frame section
adjacent the lateral edges thereof, the rear skid means comprising
a plate which extends the full width of the frame and which has an
upwardly curved front end.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to apparatus for conditioning or grooming
snow surfaces for winter sports activities, for example surfaces
such as ski slopes or snowmobile trails.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Existing equipment for the grooming of snowmobile trails generally
comprises light and fairly short frames which are dragged across
the snow surface by snowmobiles and carry on their undersides one
or more chopping blades. Such devices, being fairly light, can only
chop off the tops of any moguls which may be present in the snow
surface, and accordingly on a snow surface having large moguls
numerous passes of such devices are required to achieve adequate
grooming of the surface.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides apparatus for grooming a snow
surface comprising: an elongate frame having forward and rearward
ends and skid means adjacent each end to support the frame for
sliding movement upon the snow surface, a blade structure carried
by said frame and extending transversely thereof, said blade
structure having a generally horizontal lower edge, a horizontal
compactor extending transversely of the frame and mounted thereon
rearwardly of the blade structure, and means for adjusting the
height of said frame relative to said skid means.
Preferably at least the lateral ends of the blade structure are
angled forwardly so as to guide snow chopped from the snow surface
towards the longitudinal center line of the frame. A transverse
deflector plate may be provided, above and to the rear of the blade
structure to direct snow from the blade structure downwards into
the path of the compactor.
In a preferred embodiment the grooming apparatus comprises a large,
heavy frame supported at the front upon a pair of skis and at the
rear upon a skid plate and adjustable in height relative to the
skis and skid plate so that the vertical position of the blade
structure can be varied. The front skis are mounted on a hitch
which is articulated with respect to the remainder of the frame to
improve the steering characteristics of the apparatus. The
compactor comprises a massive solid steel bar transversely arranged
to the rear of the blade structure and pivotally supported from the
frame by a trailing arm structure. The dimensions of the apparatus
are relatively large, for example 30 ft. long and 5 ft. wide, so
that the position of the blade structure is relatively insensitive
to local variations in the contour of the snow surface.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will further be described, by way of example only
with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevation, and
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of snow grooming
apparatus in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of the apparatus from above and
one side; and
FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view from above and the other side
showing the rear portions of the apparatus.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings, the snow grooming apparatus comprises a
frame 10 having a forward hitch section 11 and a major rear section
12.
As is best seen in FIG. 4, the rear section 12 of the frame
comprises a massive hollow steel beam 13 transversely arranged
between a pair of spaced lateral frame members 14 and secured
thereto by any suitable means, e.g. by welding. Connected to the
front end of each of the lateral frame members 14 is an angularly
arranged frame member 15, the latter converging towards the front
of the rear frame section and being connected together and to a
clevis plate 16, e.g. by welding. A central frame member 17 extends
longitudinally in the rear frame section and is connected at its
forward end to the clevis plate 16, and at its rear end to the
transverse beam 13.
About two-thirds of the way between the front and rear of the frame
10, a blade structure generally indicated at 18 is mounted on the
rear frame section 12. As is best seen in FIG. 3, the blade
structure comprises vertical end brackets 19 secured to the
undersides of the lateral frame members 14, and a central bracket
20 secured to the underside of the central frame member 17. The
lower ends of the brackets 19 and 20 incline downwardly and
forwardly of the frame and support cutting blade sections 21 on
each side of the central bracket. The cutting blade sections 21 are
of rigid construction being fabricated for example in a suitable
hardened steel, and have serrated lower cutting edges 22 and which
extend in a generally horizontal plane, i.e. a plane parallel to
that of the frame members 14, 15 and 17. Conveniently the cutting
blade sections 21 may be detachably secured to the support brackets
19 and 20 so that they may be removed and replaced should they
become defective through breakage or wear.
The cutting blade sections lie at an angle to the horizontal of
approximately 45.degree., and the central support bracket 20 is
positioned somewhat rearwardly of the end brackets 19 so that in
plan view, the cutting blade sections appear in the form of a
shallow V, the laterally outermost sections being inclined
forwardly with respect to the central parts.
A snow deflector plate 25 is mounted on the rear frame section 12
above and to the rear of the blade structure 18. From each of the
lateral frame members 14 extends a pair of vertical lugs 26 and 27
to which the lateral ends of the deflector plate 25 are connected.
It will be seem that the forwardmost lugs 26 are of greater height
than the lugs 27 so that the deflector plate is supported at a
downwards inclination towards the rear.
A snow compactor 28 is mounted on the rear frame section behind the
blade structure and snow deflector.
As is best seen in FIG. 4 the compactor comprises a horizontally
arranged massive steel bar 29 supported through trailing arms 30
and 31 on the structure of the rear frame section. The trailing
arms 30 at the outer ends of the compactor bar are connected to
co-axial pivotal mountings 32 on the lateral frame members 14,
whereas the central trailing arm 31, which comprises a pair of
spaced plates 33 which straddle the central frame member 17, is
connected to a pivotal mounting 34 carried on the central frame
member and co-axial with the pivotal mounting 32. Thus the
compactor bar 29 is free to swing about the pivotal axis of the
mountings 32 and 34, the pivotal movement in the downward direction
being limited by engagement of the central trailing arm 32 with an
abutment plate 35 mounted on the central frame member 17. The
abutment plate 35 therefore defines a limiting position for the
compactor bar, and in this position, as seen in FIG. 1, the
compactor bar is at the same horizontal level as the cutting edges
22 of the blade structure.
At the rear of the frame section 12 is a skid support 36 in the
form of a transversely arranged horizontal tube 37 pivotally
mounted at opposite ends in bearing supports 38 at the rear of the
lateral frame members 14, and centrally in a bearing support 39
carried on the rear of the central frame member 17. A pair of
radial arms 40 are integrally connected with the tube 37 near the
ends thereof, and the lower end of each arm 40 is pivoted on a pin
41 supported between vertical mounting plates 42 secured at
transversely spaced locations to the upper surface of a skid plate
43. The skid plate 43 extends the full width of the rear frame
section 12 and has an upwardly curved front end.
Centrally of the tube 37 is a third radial arm 44 in the form of
two plates 45 integrally connected to the tube 37 on opposite sides
of the central bearing support 39. The upper end of the arm 44 is
pivotally connected by means of a pin 46 to the end of a piston rod
47 of a hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly 48. The opposite end
of the piston and cylinder assembly 48 is pivotally connected to a
bracket 49 on the central frame member 17 through a pin 50. The
piston and cylinder assembly 48 can be supplied with hydraulic
fluid through hoses 51 to effect extension and retraction of the
piston rod 47. As will be evident, movement of the piston rod 47
imparts a pivotal motion to the tube 37 and with it the arms 40
carrying the skid plate 43. As will be clear from FIG. 1, actuation
of the piston and cylinder assembly 48 will vary the effective
height between the skid plate 43 and the frame section 12, but the
skid plate will be able to maintain a generally horizontal position
during this movement because of its pivotal connection with the
arms 40.
As is best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the forward hitch section 11 of
the frame is of generally triangular configuration and comprises a
transverse rear frame member 52 of hollow steel beam structure,
from the ends of which a pair of lateral frame members 53 extend
forwardly in convergent fashion to an apex 54 at which is provided
a hitch connection 55 for attachment to a tractor vehicle (not
shown).
The forward frame section 11 is of massive integral construction,
the frame members preferably being hollow steel beams
interconnected by welding. At each end of the rear frame member 52
is a downwardly extending post 56 rigidly attached thereto. Welded
gusset plates 57 are provided to strengthen the connections between
the frame members 52 and 53 and the posts 56, and a lower
transverse beam 58 is connected between the posts 56. The lower end
of each post is pivotally connected through a transverse pin 59 to
a mounting bracket 60 on the upper side of a front ski 61, the skis
61 thus being capable of pivoting with respect to the forward frame
section 11.
A hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly 62 is vertically arranged
on and centrally attached to the rear frame member 52 and the lower
beam 58, with the piston rod 63 extending upwardly therefrom.
The upper end of the piston rod is attached to a flange 64 carried
by a vertically arranged plate 65 slidably received in a T shaped
channel 66 of a guide block 67 mounted on the rear of the forward
frame section. The plate 64 is thus guided for vertical movement in
the channel 66 upon extension or retraction of the piston rod
63.
Attached to the rear face of the plate 65 is a bracket 68 which
receives the clevis plate 16 of the rear frame section 12. A pin 69
received through aligned holes in bracket 68 and clevis plate 16
forms a pivotal connection between two frame sections allowing
relative articulating motion therebetween about a vertical
axis.
The piston and cylinder assembly 62 is supplied with hydraulic
fluid through hoses 70 which are conducted to the forward end of
the front frame section along the rear and lateral frame members 52
and 53. The hoses 51 supplying the piston and cylinder assembly 48
are conducted along the central frame member 17 of the rear
section, and along the rear and lateral frame members of the front
frame section so that both sets of hoses terminate adjacent the
hitch connection 55 and may readily be coupled to a source of
hydraulic cluid on the tractor vehicle (not shown).
In operation, when the apparatus is drawn over a snow surface to be
groomed, for example, a snowmobile trail, the cutting edge 22 of
the blade structure moves in a direction substantially parallel to
that of the snow surface, irrespective of minor irregularities in
that surface. This is because the blade structure is attached to
the massive rear frame section 12, and the latter is retained in a
generally horizontal position because of the wide track of the skis
61, and the large distance between the front skis 61 and the rear
skid plate 43. Accordingly the grooming apparatus is most effective
in levelling moguls which may occur on the snow surface. In
operation, when the cutting edge 22 encounters a mogul it slices
the top from it, the snow or ice thus loosened passing up over the
inclined surfaces of the blade sections being directed generally
inwardly of the track of the skis by virtue of the shallow V shaped
arrangement of the blade sections.
The compactor 28 drags behind the cutting blade, and the heavy
steel bar 29 is effective to compact snow severed by the cutting
blade sections into any hollows which may exist in the snow
surface.
The snow deflector plate 25 is effective to direct the snow severed
by the cutting blade sections downwardly into the path of the
compactor 28. By virtue of its pivotal mounting arrangement, the
compactor 28, although normally effective to compact the severed
snow, may swing upwardly and rearwardly to permit it to clear any
large obstacle which may be encountered.
At the rear end of the grooming apparatus the rear skid 43 slides
accross the compacted snow surface and effects a further compacting
and grooming action.
Dependent upon the condition of the snow surface to be groomed, and
the hardness of the snow, it may be desirable to vary the height of
the cutting edges 22 of the blade structure in relation to the skis
61 and skid plate 43. This may be effected through actuation of the
hydraulic cylinder 48 to pivot the ski support structure 36 to move
the rear skid plate to the desired height, and by actuation of the
cylinder 62 to adjust the height of the plate 65, and with it the
front clevis 16 of the rear frame section in relation to the front
skis 61.
The articulated connection between the front frame section 11 and
the rear frame section 12 provides the apparatus with high
maneuverability despite its extended length.
* * * * *