U.S. patent number 3,877,775 [Application Number 05/391,086] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-15 for cable connector.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the United States Atomic. Invention is credited to Thomas M. Barlow, Donald J. Ruffner.
United States Patent |
3,877,775 |
Barlow , et al. |
April 15, 1975 |
CABLE CONNECTOR
Abstract
A connector for electric cables subjected to high-pressure
environments and for making electrical connections across
high-pressure, low-pressure interfaces. The connector includes a
reservoir of dielectric liquid which fills space between the cable
and the inner wall of the connector body. A rubber boot fitted over
the connector body contains the reservoir and transmits the
environmental pressure to the liquid thereby providing hydrostatic
pressure in opposition to the environmental pressure transmitted
into the connector through the cable components.
Inventors: |
Barlow; Thomas M. (Livermore,
CA), Ruffner; Donald J. (Livermore, CA) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the United States Atomic (Washington,
DC)
|
Family
ID: |
23545174 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/391,086 |
Filed: |
August 27, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
439/204; 439/275;
439/587; 439/932; 174/19; 439/578 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01R
13/523 (20130101); Y10S 439/932 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01R
13/523 (20060101); H01r 017/04 (); H01r
003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;339/60,94,117,177
;174/19,21R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Frazier; Roy D.
Assistant Examiner: Staab; Lawrence J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Horan; John A. Koch; John N.
Claims
What we claim is:
1. In a connector for making an electrical connection in a
high-pressure environment with an electric cable of the type having
at least one inner conductor and a mass of solid dielectric around
the inner conductor, or conductors, the combination comprising:
a. a longitudinally extending support having a chamber extending
longitudinally therethrough for the admission at its rearward end
of said electrical cable therewithin, said chamber being larger
than said dielectric in the transverse directions at at least one
location,
b. means for structurally relating said cable to said support,
c. an elastomer boot one end of which is sealably fastened onto the
outer surface of said support and the other end of which extends
rearwardly thereof sealably engaging the outer surface of said
cable, said boot and at least a portion of said outer surface being
dimensioned to provide a reservoir for a liquid therebetween,
d. means for transmitting the pressure of the environment which is
applied to said reservoir through said boot to a liquid maintained
in said chamber, and
said support being of a conducting material and said cable having
an outer conductor around said solid dielectric and including means
within said chamber for providing a transition between said outer
conductor and said support.
2. The combination of claim 1 wherein said transition means
includes a ground strap of a conducting material which is fastened
at its rearward end onto said outer conductor and expands radially
outwardly across said chamber to make conductive contact with said
support at its forward end.
3. The combination of claim 2 including an elastomer grommet in
said chamber forward of said transition means for sealing said
chamber in the forward direction.
4. The combination of claim 3 including means for loading said
grommet in the forward direction which provide compensation for the
relative thermal expansion and contraction of said grommet toward
and away from said transition means.
5. The combination of claim 4 wherein said means for loading said
grommet and compensating for thermal expansion and contraction
includes a compression spring.
6. The connector of claim 5 including means forward of said grommet
for structurally relating an internal conductor of said cable to
said support and connecting said internal conductor to a conductor
which extends in the forward direction in a manner to facilitate
connection thereof with another connection device.
7. The connector of claim 6 wherein said means forward of said
grommet includes a ceramic seal which fits snugly within said
chamber and is fastened to said support.
8. The connector of claim 7 wherein the connection between said
internal conductor and said forward extending conductor is made
within a longitudinally extending chamber in said ceramic seal.
9. The connector of claim 8 wherein said longitudinally extending
chamber in said seal is sufficiently large in the transverse
directions to leave a space around the internal conductor members
making said connection between said internal conductor and said
forwardly extending conductor and including liquid filling said
space in said seal.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention described herein was made in the course of or under
Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48 with the U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission.
This invention relates to connections for electric cables and more
particularly to connectors for electric cables which are subjected
to high-pressures in service and, even more particularly, to
connectors for making electrical connections across high-pressure -
low-pressure barriers.
The transmission of intelligence via electrical signals through
cables is a common practice. There are many instances where the
path over which the intelligence is to be transmitted traverses
environments which pose difficult problems with respect to making
trouble free connections in the cables. One such instance, which
has proven particularly troublesome, is where that path traverses a
high-pressure - low-pressure interface.
In Plowshare applications, i.e., applications involving utilization
of nuclear explosives for peaceful purposes, it is often the case
that nuclear explosives are emplaced for detonation in a fluid
filled bore hole thousands of feet below the surface of the earth.
The nuclear explosive and associated downhole electronics and
instrumentation are generally emplaced at the downhole detonation
location within a pressure tight container in order to protect them
from the downhole environment. Communication between the downhole
nuclear explosive package and the surface of the earth is
maintained through signals transmitted over electric cables.
Since the nuclear package is maintained at atmospheric, or close to
atmospheric, pressure whereas the hydrostatic pressure at the depth
of emplacement may be at many thousands of pounds per square inch,
the electrical connection passing through the nuclear explosive
package container is subjected to very large mechanical forces
induced by that pressure differential. Moreover, elevated
temperatures exceeding several hundred degrees fahrenheit may also
be encountered. The induced mechanical forces frequently exceed the
creep strength of the cable materials at the temperature of the
downhole emplacement thereby resulting in extrusion of the cable
materials into the low pressure region or buckling of those
materials within the connector causing distortion and even
disruption of the electrical signals.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide an
electric cable connector for high pressure service. It is an
additional object of the invention to provide a connector for
connecting electric cables across a high-pressure - low-pressure
interface. Briefly summarized, these and other objects and
advantages are accomplished by providing means in an electric cable
connector which effectively oppose the forces tending to extrude or
buckle the cable within the connector, including means for applying
a hydrostatic force through a fluid which is maintained around
portions of the cable which are particularly susceptible to such
forces.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 of drawing illustrates a preferred embodiment of the
invention in section, and
FIG. 2 illustrates an alternative forward end component for the
embodiment of FIG. 1 where the cable has a plurality of inner
conductors.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, connector 10 structurally relates cable 12
to barrier wall 14 and brings conductor 16 through passage 22 for
connection with another electrical device, not shown, on the other
side of wall 14. The end of connector 10 fastened to wall 14 by
bolts 24 is considered the forward end while the end into which
cable 12 enters the rearward. Connector 10 would be on the
high-pressure side of barrier wall 14, the leakage of pressure
through the interface of connector 10 and barrier wall 14 being
prevented by use of O-rings 26 in accordance with usual
practice.
Structurally relating cable 12 to barrier wall 14 is accomplished
through collet 28, collet nut 32, adapter 34 and body 36. As shown
in FIG. 1, each of these components of connector 10, just
identified, has a central opening which together provide a
longitudinally extending chamber through the entire length of the
connector when the individual components are in their assembled
positions. The manner in which the conductors of an electric cable
are carried forward through the barrier wall will now be
explained.
Cable 12 of FIG. 1 is a coaxial or shielded cable having an outer
conductor or shield 38, a single inner conductor 42, a mass of
dielectric 44 between the two conductors and a protective outer
covering 46. Protective covering 46 and dielectric 44 are trimmed
prior to assembly with connector 10 to expose outer conductor 38
and inner conductor 42. Ground strap 48, which is made of a
conducting material, is soldered onto outer conductor 38 at its
rearward end and expands into contact with the inner surface of
body 36, which is also made from a conducting material, at its
forward end. This provides the transition for the outer conductor
from cable 12 to body 36. Since forwardly extending cylindrical
portion 37 of body 36 extends through barrier wall passage 22,
electrical connection with the outer conductor of the cable can be
made forward of the barrier wall. Loading grommet 64 through
compression spring 54 permits the grommet to expand rearwardly
thereby compensating for the thermal expansion of the grommet. The
function of grommet 64 will be discussed later. Inner conductor 42
of the cable is connected to inner conductor 16, which protrudes
into passage 22 of barrier wall 14, through conductive link 52.
Since the interior of the connector 10 must be sealed from the
environment in order to preserve the electrical and mechanical
integrity of the connection, the pressure of the environment is
transmitted into connector 10 through the cable components. The
extrusion and/or buckling of the cable components within the
connector in response to such high environmental pressures is
prevented in the following manner.
The longitudinally extending cavity, or space, 56 between the outer
surfaces of the cable components and the inner surfaces of support
structure components 32, 34 and 36 is filled with a dielectric
liquid, such as silicon oil, which is maintained at the
environmental pressure. This is accomplished through application of
the environmental pressure through boot 58, which is made from a
pressure responsive material such as rubber, onto the dielectric
liquid. The boot is dimensioned in conjunction with the outer
surfaces of collet nut 32 and adapter 34 to define a space 60
therebetween which is also filled with the dielectric fluid.
Communication between the two spaces 56 and 60 is provided through
holes 62 in adaptor 34. Accordingly, the forces transmitted into
connector 10 through the cable components are balanced by equal and
opposite hydrostatic forces transmitted through the reservoir of
dielectric liquid maintained in spaces 56 and 60 in response to the
application of the environmental pressure to the outer surface of
boot 58. Protuberance 61 and retaining ring 63 cooperate to secure
boot 58 on the connector and maintain the reservoir of liquid
therein.
The leakage of dielectric liquid in the forward direction is
prevented by dimensioning grommet 64, made of rubber or other
resilient material, forward portion 66 of cable dielectric 44 and
the chamber of body 36 within which the grommet fits to provide
seals therebetween. Grommet 64, metal seat 68 and ceramic seal 72
fit within chambers of body 36 designed to receive them and
establish their positions in the forward direction. The potential
leakage path between ceramic seal 72 and body 36 can be blocked
such as by brazing these parts together.
The complementary dimensioning of dielectric portion 66 with
grommet 64, metal seat 68 and ceramic seal 72 to provide a snug fit
therebetween provides opposition to radially outward and, to a
limited extent, forward creepage of the dielectric. A dielectric
liquid can be maintained in space 73, with or without communication
with the liquid in space 56, if extrusion of dielectric 44 and/or
buckling of conductor 52 within space 73 is a problem in any
particular application. A liquid seal at the forward end of space
73 can be provided by brazing conductor 16 to ceramic seal 72.
Where several cables of the same nominal size but differing
particular dimensions are used with the same connector 10, the
holes through grommet 64, metal seat 68 and ceramic seal 72 may be
made the same size as the smallest dielectric to be used therewith.
Portion 66 of the dielectric cables having a dielectric of larger
diameter than that would be trimmed to fit prior to assembly with
connector 10.
In instances where connector 10 is to be used with a cable having a
plurality of inner conductors, modifications can be readily made to
the components at the forward end. FIG. 2 illustrates one such
modification to accommodate a cable 12' having a plurality of inner
conductors 16', which protrude forward of barrier 14 in the manner
of conductor 16 of FIG. 1. Ceramic seal 72' and dielectric portion
66' would be complementarily dimensioned as explained in connection
with the embodiment of FIG. 1.
While the foregoing description of preferred embodiments
illustrates the invention in electric cable connectors suitable for
use in high pressure environments and for interfaces between high
pressure and low pressure regions, it will be appreciated by those
skilled in the art that various omissions and substitutions and
changes may be made within the principle and scope of the invention
as expressed in the appended claims.
* * * * *