U.S. patent number 3,877,525 [Application Number 05/381,609] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-15 for flame-guard device for isolating and stepping of premises.
Invention is credited to Jean Henri Husson, Marie Simonel.
United States Patent |
3,877,525 |
Husson , et al. |
April 15, 1975 |
Flame-guard device for isolating and stepping of premises
Abstract
The flame-guard device comprises at least one liquid-porous
screen which is maintained near the ceiling, weights are fixed to
the bottom of the screen to cause unrolling of the screen upon
outbreak of a fire, and spraying nozzles are provided to cause
impregnation of the screen and flow of a liquid on the whole
surface thereof as the screen is unrolling.
Inventors: |
Husson; Jean Henri
(Fontainebleau-Avon, FR), Simonel; Marie (92 Bagneux,
FR) |
Family
ID: |
26217264 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/381,609 |
Filed: |
July 23, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
|
|
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Aug 3, 1972 [FR] |
|
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72.28074 |
Dec 28, 1972 [FR] |
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72.46787 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
169/48; 169/57;
160/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A62C
2/10 (20130101); E04B 1/941 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A62C
2/00 (20060101); A62C 2/10 (20060101); E04B
1/94 (20060101); E06b 005/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;169/1R,1A,2R,48,54,56-58 ;160/1-10,25,35,126 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Kashnikow; Andres
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Browdy and Neimark
Claims
We claim:
1. A fire-protecting device comprising:
at least one liquid porous, flexible screen, said screen being
stocked at the top of an area to be fire-protected;
means to cause one end of said screen to go downward upon outbreak
of fire; and
means provided at the top of the area to be fire-protected and
outside the stock of the screen for impregnating said screen with
an aqueous liquid from bottom to top of said screen as said screen
is travelling downward and continuously impregnating said screen
thereafter;
whereby said screen is simultaneously going downward and being
impregnated with said aqueous liquid.
2. Device, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the screen is
constituted by a succession of various mutually overlapping
vertically extending breadths of screens maintained together in
close contact.
3. Device, as set forth in claim 2, further including two parallel
drums placed in a housing and on which are rolled up the at least
one breadth, said drums being off set by a distance substantially
corresponding to a half width of the breadth.
4. Device, as set forth in claim 3, wherein the housing containing
the two drums whereupon are placed the breadths is notched at two
ends thereof and comprises assembling means to be connected to at
least one additional housing, whereby the drums of the successive
housings are respectively lined up and the breadths supported
thereby are placed in an alternate arrangement.
5. Device, as set forth in claim 3, comprising parallel horizontal
guides against which pass the breadths unrolled from the drums,
whereby the screens formed by said breadths and coming from
parallel drums are brought to an immediate vicinity of each other
to form a fire-proof partition when they are impregnated with a
liquid.
6. Device, as set forth in claim 3, wherein said means for
impregnating include spraying ramps placed in the vicinity of the
screens unrolled from the drums.
7. Device as set forth in claim 2, wherein weights are fixed to
each breadth, at some distance from the free end thereof to provide
a free segment of screen beneath said weights whereby said weights
cause unrolling of the breadths, said free segment resting on the
ground forming a tight joint therewith.
8. Device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the liquid is water and
a tank is provided for the recovery of water, said tank being
placed in the vicinity of said impregnating means, said
impregnating means comprising spraying ramps provided with nozzles,
said nozzles throwing water on one hand directly onto the at least
one screen and on the other hand towards the drums on which are
rolled the at least one screen to pre-impregnate portions of screen
still rolled up thereon, the excess water being sprayed falling
into said tank to progressively fill said tank, a baffle-plate
extending from said tank directing the water overflowing from the
tank towards the top of the unrolled screens.
9. Device, as set forth in claim 8, wherein the tank and the
baffle-plate act to conceal the device included in a ceiling.
10. Device, as set forth in claim 3, wherein the drums are placed
on spindles provided with coupling means, whereby the spindles of
various devices connected to each other are automatically
coupled.
11. Device as set forth in claim 2, wherein the breadths are placed
between a ceiling and a floor paving-stone thereabove in forming a
loop between a fixed anchorage point controlled by a fire outbreak
detector and guides, holding the breadths at a suitable distance to
be unrolled and liquid impregnated at the outbreak of a fire.
12. Device, as set forth in claim 1, wherein each screen is
anchored to a floor paving-stone at the underside thereof by one
end and held rolled up on a flap being part of a ceiling placed
beneath said paving-stone.
13. Device, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the screens are made
of cloth.
14. Device, as set forth in claim 1, further comprising detecting
elements sensitive to a temperature threshold, to the presence of
smoke or other data related to a fire, said detectors causing
locking of the screens in folded position.
15. Device, as set forth in claim 2, wherein the screens comprise
end breadths, at least said end breadths being provided with
fringes to constitute tightness joints with a wall or with another
screen.
16. Device, as set forth in claim 15, wherein the fringes are
constituted as finger-stalls.
17. Device, as set forth in claim 16, wherein permeable sleeves are
provided at least on end edge of the end breadths, said sleeves
being connected to the liquid supplying means.
18. Device, as set forth in claim 1, wherein means are designed in
said screen to distribute the impregnation water at different
levels.
19. Device, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the screen is
constituted of a succession of breadths comprising substantially
vertical ducts opening at the upper portion thereof close to liquid
supplying means and opening at the lower portion thereof at
different levels.
20. Device, as set forth in claim 2, wherein the breadths include
transverse pads forming barriers to retain water at different
levels.
21. Device, as set forth in claim 2, wherein the breadths include a
succession of narrow strips delimiting longitudinal channels.
22. Device, as set forth in claim 2, wherein the screen is
constituted of a succession of tubular cords.
23. Device, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the screens are woven
to provide longitudinal ducts extending substantially vertically
when the screen is unrolled.
24. Device, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the screen is
constituted of fibers comprising a core made of directed fibers to
provide water to run down through said web in a vertical direction,
said core being covered on each side thereof by coating fibers
diagonally directed to said core whereby causing water to exude
towards the surface.
25. Device, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the screens are rolled
up on drums and pulleys.
26. Device, as set forth in claim 2, wherein the breadths are
mutually overlapping each other and are rolled up on a common drum,
weights being designed near the lower end of each breadth on the
outer side thereof.
27. Device, as set forth in claim 26, wherein the drum common to
the overlapping breadths is placed in a housing having a bottom
delimiting a rib for guiding the breadths and an upward edge
protruding inside the housing in delimiting a tank for water
supplied on the breadths from distributors placed in said housing,
said guiding rib forming distribution means for the water running
down from the tank.
Description
The present invention relates to a new flame-guard device designed
to be placed in various premises. It is well known that it is
required, in case of fire, to divide the premises as well as their
clearances into as many compartments as possible to prevent or at
least to minimize the spreading of a fire and its indirect effects:
combustion gas and smoke. This requirement appears up to now very
difficult to realize in public premises and in large size premises
such as commercial centers, halls of large buildings, large
underground parking places, etc,... It has already been thought to
use metallic screens which could come down from the ceiling to
separate into various compartments premises of large sizes, but
this arrangement is not satisfactory because, besides being
extremely difficult to practically realize, it requires that doors
be designed into the screens to provide an escape for the people
who would be enclosed in a compartment.
Besides, the efficiency of such metallic screens can be completely
annihilated if there is an obstacle in their way, for example in
commercial premises : a counter, a bench or other objects which
could obstruct the complete coming down of the screen. It is also
to be taken into consideration that to make sure of the efficiency
of a flame-guard device, it is necessary to proceed to periodical
operating tests, and that without proceeding to complex
operations.
The present invention completely solves said problems by creating a
new flame-guard device with a small bulkiness which can
consequently be easily placed in various premises and, if required,
be kept out of sight.
The device of the invention is also very light, of a very quick
operation without any risk of bad working and cannot cause any
injury even if it is operated while there are still people moving
on. In fact people can, at any moment, pass through it anywhere,
without having to look for a special exit and without its function
as a flame-guard device being annihilated, even if there is one or
a plurality of obstacles in the way it has to follow during its
unfurling. Besides, it provides a reduction of the temperature
increase due to a fire and can be adapted to any form of
premises.
According to the invention, the device comprises at least one
liquid-porous flexible screen which is wound close to the ceiling
of a premises, means to operate the unrolling of said screen at the
outbreak of a fire, and means to ensure impregnation of the screen
with a liquid and flow of said liquid on the whole surface of the
screen when said screen is unrolled.
Various other characteristics of the invention are moreover shown
in the following detailed description.
Embodiments of the invention are shown by way of non-restrictive
examples in the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a first embodiment of the
flame-guard device of the invention.
FIG. 2 is an explicative diagrammatic partly sectional view.
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic plan view showing an assembling of various
devices according to the invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic sectional view showing a modification of
the invention.
FIGS. 5 to 7 are partial perspective views showing different ways
for mounting the device of the invention.
FIGS. 8 and 9 are diagrammatic sectional views of a first
variant.
FIGS. 10 and 11 are diagrammatic elevation views showing a
modification of the invention.
FIGS. 12a and 12b are a partial perspective view of a variant of
the modification of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 10
and 11.
FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic perspective view showing a further
variant.
FIG. 14 is a diagrammatic perspective view similar to FIG. 13
showing another embodiment.
FIGS. 15 and 16 are perspective views of other variants.
FIG. 17 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the
flame-guard device of the invention.
FIGS. 18a and 18b show the front view and cross view of the
curtain.
FIGS. 1- 3 show an embodiment of the invention wherein the device
is contained in a housing generally designated by reference numeral
1, which housing is, for example, made of sheet metal and has a
substantially parallelepipedic shape with notched ends, as shown in
2 and 3 in FIG. 3.
The housing supports - by means of lugs 4, 4a drums 5, 5a placed on
spindles 6, 6a.
The drums 5, 5a respectively support, rolled up on each of them, at
least one screen 7, 7a, respectively. Preferably, as shown in FIG.
3, each screen is divided in several breadths 7.sub.1, 7.sub.2,
7.sub.3 and respectively 7a.sub.1, 7a.sub.2, 7a.sub.3 which are set
off by half a pitch. Thus, still considering FIG. 3, the breadth
7.sub.1 is overlapping the breadths 7a.sub.1, 7a.sub.2 ; the
breadth 7.sub.2 is overlapping the breadths 7a.sub.2, 7a.sub.3 ;
etc...
The screens 7, 7a can be made of different materials, for example
of genuine or synthetic cloth which may or not be fireproofed.
Woven or not, and possible combustible vegetable materials, can
also be used, said materials being fireproofed or not.
Preferably, the material of the screens is selected so that they
have capillary structures enabling the regular supply of water from
ramps 12, 12a on the whole height and on the whole width of each
breadth. The materials are besides selected among those enabling
water running down their thickness to exude towards the surface of
the breadths.
Such materials can, typically, be constituted by means of directed
fibers, especially glass fibers or fibers of other materials,
comprising for example a core delimiting channels, ducts or
passages extending from top to bottom, said core being encompassed
by layers of coating whose fibers are directed diagonally to the
fibers of the core, thus water which has to impregnate the screens
tends this to be well distributed on the whole surface of said
screens.
The screens 7, 7a are preferably rolled up in an opposite direction
on their respective drums 5, 5a to enable said screens, when
unrolled from the two drums, to be brought one against each other,
or at least to an immediate proximity. To take in consideration the
radius decrease as the screens 7, 7a are unrolling, said decrease
being represented in a slotted line in FIG. 2, guides 8, 8a are
placed beneath the drums at a short distance from each other and on
which pass said screens formed by the plurality of breadths. The
guides 8, 8a can be made in various ways, for example as
represented, they can be constituted by means of rolls placed on
spindles 9, being themselves placed at the end of arms 10 and
struts 11 (FIG. 1) to be connected to the housing 1.
The guides 8, 8a can also be constituted by mere fixed bars, or it
is also possible that the struts 11 be fixed to a resilient element
tending to push the rolls or bars against each other to provide the
screens 7, 7a to be brought together in contact or practically in
contact. Said guides 8, 8a can also be constituted by tubes and, in
such a case, said tubes are advantageously provided with holes to
constitute suppliers for water or other liquids provided to
impregnate the screens 7, 7a, when said screens are unrolled from
the drums 5, 5a to form a fire-guard screen.
When the water, designed to impregnate the screens and possibly to
run down on said screens, is not brought by the guides 8, 8a then,
as previously stated, supply ramps 12 are designed to throw the
water or to spray the same on said screens.
To ensure unrolling of the screens, it is advantageous to provide
them, near their end, with weights 13 for example constituted by a
metal bar extending on the whole width of each breadth, said metal
bar being fixed on the side of each breadth which is opposite to
the side in front of another breadth.
Besides, the weights 13 provide, at the end of the screens, a free
segment 14 designed to bear on the ground when the screens are
completely unrolled, and then to form a tight joint, whatever be
the pressures applied on the screen itself.
To release the screens, i.e. to enable the weights 13 to unroll
said screens from the drums 5, 5a, various means can be utilized.
For example the spindles 6, 6a of the drums, or the drums
themselves, can be retained by a melting element whose melting is
caused by an abnormal increase of the temperature; it is also
possible that a smoke detector be holding the drums; a hand brake
can also be designed as well as any other required devices.
Of course, several detecting devices of different nature can be
utilized simultaneously in view of enabling the screens to be
unrolled, with no difference, either from a hand control, or if
smokes are detected, or still in the absence of smoke but if the
temperature increases beyond a determined threshold, or yet if any
ambient perturbation caused by an outbreak of fire is detected.
FIG. 3 shows that various devices can be associated to each other.
Actually, it is to be noticed that the device contained in the
housing 1 can be assembled with a device contained in an housing 1a
and placed in its extension thereof. In such a case, the breadths
of the screens of the two assembled devices mutually overlap each
other in the same way as the breadths of a single device.
Besides, it is also possible to place the devices for them to form
an angle (one in relation with the other) which is illustrated by
housing 1b. In such a case it can be seen that the breadth 7.sub.3
is brought against the breadth 7.sub.4, or at least in the close
vicinity of the latter, when all the screens are unrolled.
FIG. 4 shows a modification of the invention which takes into
consideration the fact that in case of a fire in the premises, the
temperature, in a first step, tends to increase more at the upper
portion of the premises. According to this modification, at the
lower portion of the housing 1, a tank 15 is placed in recess
respectively to the water projection ramps 12, and the lower
portion of the tank or its lateral side is connected to a baffle
plate 16 leading to the area of the screen 7 having passed upon the
guide 8. Each ramp 12 is then provided with projection nozzles 17
and 18, the nozzles 17 being directed, as represented, towards the
drum 5, while the nozzles 18 are directed towards the screen 7.
From the above disclosure, it is to be noted that upon unrolling
the screen 7, the nozzles 18 impregnate said screen with water as
it is coming down, while the nozzles 17 perform a preimpregnation
of the part of the screen which is still rolled up on the drum 5. A
portion of the water projected towards the drum 5 falls down and is
recovered into the tank 15 which is progressively filled up and
which finally overflows, the water being directed by the
baffle-plate 16 onto the upper portion of the screen 7 when the
same is completely unrolled; this procedure increases the quantity
of running water when the fire continues for a noticeable time and
while the temperature caused by said fire is substantially
increasing. The flow of water or of another liquid can be:
- either calculated prima facie in order to compensate for the
calorific effects of a fire, said fire being considered in function
of the calorific potential of the premises to be protected and of
the time deemed necessary for the protection:
- or servoed to a heat flux control (hydrothermostatic
regulation).
The lower part of the tank 15 as well as the baffle-plate 16 can be
construed in an aesthetic way to constitute hiding places which are
not prejudicial to the appearance of a ceiling above which the
device of the invention is placed.
FIGS. 5 to 7 show that the device of the invention can be adapted
to the shape of a building.
According to FIG. 5, the housing 1 of each device is fixed by
angle-irons 19 at the sub-side of a floor pavingstone 20.
In FIG. 6, the housing 1 is fixed, through its lateral wings 21,
directly into a ceiling 22 hung for example by means of ties 23 to
the paving-stone 20.
In FIG. 7, the housing 1 is fixed, on one hand, or a girder or a
rail 24 and, on the other hand, to the floor paving-stone 20 by
means of ties 25.
To prevent water vapor or smoke from accumulating in the housing 1,
it is advantageous, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, that the top of each
housing be bored with ventilating holes 26.
Besides, to make easier the setting together of various housings 1,
they must advantageously comprise, at their ends, flanged edges 27
having holes 28 for placing bolts or fixation clamps. Also the ends
of the spindles 6, 6a supporting the drums of each housing are
advantageously provided with additional coupling elements 29, 29a,
represented in FIG. 1 as being of the tenon and mortise type but
the same can, of course, be constituted in many other ways. Thus
when several devices are assembled together, their spindles 6, 6a
are also connected together and a single control assembly can be
utilized.
In the above described embodiment, the different breadths
constituting the screens are represented and described as rolled up
around drums; however, this is only an advantageous arrangement,
the rolling-up way could be different. For example FIG. 8 shows an
arrangement wherein the device is placed between the floor
paving-stone 20 and the ceiling 22 which can be at a short distance
one another. In that case, the guides 8 are supported either by the
paving stone 20, or by the ceiling 22 wherein is designed a slot
30. Anchorages 31 are then designed on the top of the ceiling 22 to
retain an end of the screens 7, 7a which are respectively rolled up
around a bar or a roll 32, 32a, respectively, retained by a cable,
a rod or other maintaining component 33 on which can be placed fire
or smoke detectors 34, 34a.
In case of fire or smoke, the detectors 34, 34a release the
retaining rolls 32, 32a, and the weights 13 drive the screens to
the ground.
The watering ramps 12 are, in that case, placed either on the top
of ceiling 22, or beneath the floor paving-stone, or in the guides
8.
FIG. 9 shows another simplified embodiment which is particularly
efficient where premises of small volume are concerned because it
enables, if required, to utilize only one screen. In that case,
said screen is rolled up, as represented with the weights 13
thereof advantageously placed at the central portion of the
constituted roll; then the whole screen is retained by a flap 35
hinged on one side around hinge 36 and maintained on its other side
by the detector 34. In case of fire, the flap is opened due to the
breaking of the detector 34 and the screen unrolls by itself. At
least one watering ramp 12 is designed for the impregnation of the
screen with water and, if required, to make the water to run
down.
In all the embodiments described in the above disclosure and as
better shown in FIG. 1, the free segment 14 ensures to the breadths
an excess of length when they are down, which provides a tightness
with the ground, even if said breadths are submitted to possible
motions caused by pressures or depressions applied to the
screen.
FIG. 10 shows that it is further advantageous to provide at least
the lateral side of the end breadths directed towards a wall or a
partition 38 with lateral fringes 37 which ensure, when they are
impregnated, a very good tightness between the screen, the wall or
partition, and even if the sheet is moved with respect to the wall.
The fringes 37 can have various shapes and especially be designed
to mutually overlap each other.
FIG. 11 shows lateral fringes 37 constituted in a finger-stalls
type with their end 37a closed and their end 37b open, in order to
recuperate the water which has been sprayed and which is running
down on the breadth, thus ensuring an excellent tightness with the
wall 38, in that the water contained by the fringes tends to
incline the same as is represented.
FIG. 12a illustrates another embodiment wherein the lateral edge of
at least the end breadths, 7, 7a are each provided with a sleeve
39, for example made of thin cloth in order not to constitute an
overthickness when the breadth is rolled up on the drum or
otherwise folded. The sleeve 39 is connected to the water or other
liquid supplying device, thus after unrolling the breadth, said
sleeve is inflated as shown in 39a in FIG. 12a and maintained in
slight over pressure by the water passing in the cloth. Upon
bearing against the wall 38, the sleeve 39a which then forms a pad,
ensures an excellent tightness and some water runs also down the
wall.
According to the variant shown in FIG. 13, the breadths 7.sub.1,
7.sub.2 constituting the screen 7 are provided, on one or on the
two sides thereof, or in the portion forming a core when the
breadths are made of multiple layers, with small ducts 37, 38 which
can be more or less porous and which run at different heights as
represented, in order to bring water coming from the ramp 12 at
different levels of the screen.
FIG. 14 shows another arrangement wherein horizontally extending
pads 39 are placed, on each breadth transversely to them.
Preferably, the pads 39 are fixed, for example through sewing, on
the side of each breadth which is directed towards the area to be
protected. Due to the existence of the pads 39, water running down
in the direction of the arrow f.sub.1 tends to accumulate above
each of said pads thus constituting a storage area which
impregnates the breadth.
According to FIG. 15 the breadths are made like strips 40, 40a and
41, 41a exactly as the previously mentioned breadths, but said
strips are then very narrow by comparison with said previously
considered breadths. Said arrangement enables to constitute said
strips 40, 41 by means of braided fibers which can delimit an inner
duct, or by means of overlapped strips providing ducts 42 between
them.
The strips 40, 41 are of course porous to let the water exuding on
the whole surface in a substantially regular way.
According to FIG. 16 the breadths are replaced by tubular cords 43,
43a, 43b . . . and 44, 44a . . . which mutually overlap each other
as are doing the breadths of the screens 7, 7a.
Also in such an embodiment, the ducts, delimited by the tubular
cords, are utilized to supply the whole height of the so formed
screens with water, by driving water which is brought to the inside
of the cords or strips through the ramp or ramps 12.
It is obvious that when the screens are constituted of strips as
shown in FIG. 15 or of cords as shown in FIG. 16, then each strip
or each cord is provided, near its lower end, with a weight having
the same width as that of the strip or cord and leaving beneath the
same a free segment designed to bear on the ground. Besides, the
drums 4, 4a are arranged in taking into consideration the shape of
the screens. In the case of strips as in FIG. 15, or cords as in
FIG. 16, then the drums are constituted by a succession of
pulleys.
FIG. 17 shows a variant making possible to roll up the successive
breadths 7, 7'.sub.1, 7'.sub.2 . . . on a single drum 5.sub.1.
The drawing shows that the breadths 7' partly cover, for example on
half of their width, the breadths 7'.sub.1, 7'.sub.2 and that the
breadths 7'.sub.2 cover in the same way the breadths 7' and 7'a.
Weights 13 are placed on the outer side of the successive breadths
7', 7'a. . . and weights 13a are in the same way on the outer side
of the breadths 7'.sub.1, 7'.sub.2 . . . thus said weights. The
weights ensure unrolling of the breadths from the drum 5.sub.1 and
the maintaining thereof under stress while the segments 14 and 14a
form tight joints with the ground, and they apply also the breadths
7', 7'a against the breadths 7'.sub.1, 7'.sub.2.
In such a structure it is advantageous to constitute the housing
1.sub.1 in such a way that it will form a guide, by means of a rib
45, for the successive breadths. The rib 45 and an upwards edge 46
delimit then retaining elements for a certain amount of water 47 in
the bottom of the housing, said water accumulates when the
projection ramps 12, 12a placed into the housing are themselves
supplied to impregnate the breadths. Besides the rib 45 forms a
baffle-plate to regularly distribute the water on the whole length
of the breadths when they are unrolled and the water contained in
the bottom of the housing prevents deterioration of said housing
even if it is reached by flames.
* * * * *