U.S. patent number 3,877,113 [Application Number 05/440,045] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-15 for anchoring system used in post stressing concrete.
Invention is credited to Cesar D. Reyes.
United States Patent |
3,877,113 |
Reyes |
April 15, 1975 |
Anchoring system used in post stressing concrete
Abstract
The specification discloses an anchor for post-tensioning a
cable in a body of set concrete. The anchor comprises an elongated
cylindrical tapered case having an internal bore tapering from a
large diameter to a small diameter. An imbedding flange is formed
around the outer periphery of the case and a cylindrical insert is
fitted securely within the small bore opening in the case. The
insert is adapted with a circular flange extending radially
outwardly so that the insert is prevented from moving completely
into the case. The insert receives the cable in sealing
relationship to prevent the ingress of moisture and unset concrete
into the case through the small end. Wedge segments, slidably
mounted in the case, mate with the tapered bore in the case and
have a serrated surface on their inner surface for gripping the
cable. A collapsible sealing cap encircles the larger end of the
case. In an alternate embodiment, the cap walls are formed with
accordian pleats which collapse when compressed. A cylindrical
flange is affixed to the sealing cap and defines an opening
therein; the flange extends to the outside of the cap and receives
the cable in a sealing relationship to prevent the ingress of
moisture and unset concrete into the case through the large ends. A
coil spring is positioned between the wedge segments and the
sealing cap maintaining the wedge segments in assembled
relationship with the tapered bore within the case.
Inventors: |
Reyes; Cesar D. (Dallas,
TX) |
Family
ID: |
23747191 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/440,045 |
Filed: |
February 6, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
24/115M;
403/374.2; 52/223.13 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16G
11/106 (20130101); E04C 5/122 (20130101); Y10T
403/7066 (20150115); Y10T 24/3996 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
E04C
5/12 (20060101); F16G 11/00 (20060101); F16G
11/10 (20060101); F16g 011/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;24/115M,122.6
;52/223L,230 ;407/374 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
|
|
|
|
|
1,216,923 |
|
Dec 1970 |
|
GB |
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482,080 |
|
Jan 1970 |
|
CH |
|
Primary Examiner: Gelak; Bernard A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Richards, Harris & Medlock
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An anchor for tensioning a cable in a body of set concrete
comprising:
an elongated cylindrical case tapering in diameter from a large end
to a small end and having a bore therethrough tapering in diameter
from a large opening to a small opening;
an imbedding flange formed around the outer periphery of said
case;
a cylindrical insert adapted to fit securely within the small bore
opening in said case, said insert being adapted to receive said
cable in sealing relationship thereby preventing the ingress of
moisture and unset concrete into said case through the small
end;
wedge segments slidably mounted in said case, said segments being
contoured on their outer surface to mate with the tapered bore in
said case and having a serrated surface on their inner surface for
gripping the cable;
a collapsible sealing cap encircling the larger end of said case
and having an opening therein which coaxially aligns with the axis
of said case when said cap is properly fitted on said case;
a cylindrical flange as an integral part of said sealing cap and
defining the opening therein, said flange extending to the outside
of said cap and adapted to receive said cable in sealing
relationship thereby preventing the ingress of moisture and unset
concrete into said case through the large end; and
flexible means positioned between said wedge segments and said
sealing cap maintaining said wedge segments in assembled
relationship with the tapered bore within said case.
2. The anchor in claim 1 wherein said cylindrical insert further
comprises a flange attached thereto extending radially outwardly so
that the insert is prevented from moving completely into said
case.
3. The anchor in claim 1 wherein the walls of said collapsible
sealing cap are characterized by inner accordian pleats which
collapse when compressed.
4. The anchor in claim 1 wherein said case further comprises an
outwardly extending flange around said large end and said sealing
cap comprises a corresponding inwardly extended flange whereby the
two flanges form a sealing engagement in an overlapping
relationship to effect a positive seal around the large end of said
case.
5. An anchor for tensioning a cable in a body of set concrete
comprising:
an elongated cylindrical case tapering in diameter from a large end
to a small end and with a bore therethrough tapering in diameter
from a large opening to a small opening;
wedge segments slidably mounted in said case;
a cap having an opening therein which coaxially aligns with the
axis of the case sealing the larger end of said case and
characterized by accordian pleats which collapse when
compressed;
means between the wedge segments and the sealing cap for engaging
the wedge segments against the cable;
a cylindrical insert adapted to fit securely within the small bore
opening in the case, said insert being adapted to receive the cable
in sealing relationship thereby preventing the ingress of moisture
and unset concrete into the case through the small end; and
a cylindrical flange as an integral part of said sealing cap and
defining the opening therein, said flange extending to the outside
of said cap and adapted to receive said cable in sealing
relationship thereby preventing the ingress of moisture and unset
concrete into the case through the large end.
6. The anchor in claim 5 wherein said cylindrical insert further
comprises a flange attached thereto extending radially outwardly so
that the insert is prevented from moving completely into the case.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an anchor used in post stressing
techniques and more particularly to a cable anchor used in post
stressing concrete structures.
PRIOR ART
Concrete structures have the characteristic of being considerably
stronger in compression than in tension and for this reason have
traditionally been designed so that the structure is subjected
primarily to compressive stressing. This physical characteristic of
concrete has generally ruled out designs which result in any
significant tensile stressing in the structure.
Recent innovations in introducing compressive loading in concrete
structures have made possible the loading of such structures in
tension without creating large tensile stresses therein.
Ordinarily, one of two methods are used to stress a concrete
structure, pretensioning and post-tensioning. In pretensioning,
high strength steel bars, wires or cables, generally called
tendons, are stretched between anchor points on a concrete form,
and a large tensile stress is applied thereto. Then the concrete is
poured into the forms and allowed to set. When the concrete is set,
the external tension on the tendons is released, transferring the
pre-stress to the concrete through the bond between the concrete
and the steel. Thus, the induced compressive stresses in the
concrete tend to counteract the tensile forces that will occur when
the structure is loaded.
In post-tensioning, the tendons are generally fixedly threaded
through metal anchors which are attached to the concrete forms.
Only enough tensile stress is applied to maintain the tendons in a
proper position within the concrete form. The concrete is then
poured in the form and allowed to set. When the concrete has
hardened, the tendons are tightened to impart a compressive loading
to the structure through the use of a hydraulic jack or other
similar means by drawing the tendon through the anchor now set in
the hardened concrete.
One prior art post-tensioning anchoring apparatus is composed of a
metallic case with a tapered bore therethrough. One end of the bore
is adapted to receive a cable to be tensioned. Rubber grommets fit
into the tapered bore within the anchoring case during pouring and
setting of the concrete. The portion of the grommets extending
exteriorly of the anchor case positions the anchor from the
concrete forms and prevents concrete from entering the bore. The
bore in the anchor is sized to receive a two-piece gripping jaw
assembly which fits into the bore and encircles the cable threaded
therethrough. After the concrete has set, the concrete forms and
the rubber grommets must be removed in order to introduce the
metallic gripping elements into the bore in the anchor case. Then
tensioning may proceed.
Another anchoring apparatus is described in U.S. Pat. No.
3,399,434, issued to W. F. kelley on Sept. 3, 1968, wherein the
anchor is composed of a tapered case, having a gripping jaw
assembly slidably mounted therein. The anchor is further adapted
with a reaction plate attached to the outer periphery of the case
to more securely imbed the anchor when set in the concrete. To
prevent concrete from coming into contact with the cable and jaw
segments within the case, a solid sponge rubber seal is positioned
around the larger opening of the case. This rubber seal has an
opening through which the cable passes.
As described in the Kelly patent, in order to post-tension the
tendons, the forms to which the anchors are attached before the
concrete is poured and the sponge rubber seal covering the end of
the anchor are removed. Jacking equipment is then applied to the
anchor and the tendon is drawn therethrough to develop the proper
tensile stress.
In both systems just described, removal of the forms to permit the
withdrawal of the rubber seals prior to tensioning has been found
to be both uneconomical and inconvenient. Thus a need has arisen
for an anchor which may be tensioned without removal of the
concrete forms and with the sealing member in place.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improved anchor for
post-tensioning a cable in a body of set concrete. The anchor
includes an elongated cylindrical case with a tapered body. The
case has a tapered bore therethrough which decreases in diameter
from the large to the small end of the case. An imbedding flange is
formed around the outer periphery of the case to more securely
imbed the anchor in the concrete which surrounds it and to control
expansion of the case. A cylindrical insert is set securely within
the small opening of the bore in the case and is adapted to receive
the cable therein. The insert is of an appropriate size and
material to form a seal between it and the cable passing
therethrough, thereby preventing the ingress of moisture and unset
concrete into the case.
A gripping assembly composed of wedge segments each having an outer
side contoured to mate with the surface of the bore is inserted in
the anchor case; the inner side of each segment is serrated for
gripping the cable which it engages.
A collapsible sealing cap is fitted over the larger end of the
case. The cap has an opening therein which coaxially aligns with
the axis of the case when the cap is properly fitted on the case. A
circular flange is affixed within the opening and extends to the
outside of the cap. The flange is sized to receive the cable and
form a seal around the cable thereby preventing the ingress of
moisture and unset concrete into the case through the larger end.
The flange is further sized to fit within an opening in the
concrete form against which the case is positioned and thus further
seals the case from the entry of concrete and moisture.
A coil spring is positioned between the wedge segments located
within the case and the sealing cap in order to maintain the wedge
segments in an assembled relationship with the tapered bore. The
action of the coil spring forces the wedge segments toward the
smaller end of the tapered bore in the case thus causing the teeth
of the segments to become engaged with the cable passing through
the case.
In accordance with a modification of the previous system, the
cylindrical insert fitted within the bore in the smaller end of the
case is made with a circular flange to prevent the cylindrical
insert from moving into the case as the cable is inserted.
In accordance with still another modification, the walls of the
collapsible sealing cap are made with a plurality of accordian
pleats. This construction facilitates the collapse of the cap's
walls in such a way as to prevent interference with the cable
passing therethrough.
In a prior art post-tensioning system, rubber grommets are used to
prevent moisture and unset concrete form passing into the end of
the anchor case. The grommets are made in half sections and are
inserted into the anchor case where the gripping elements will be
located during the tensioning process. In this system, the forms
must be removed after the concrete has set in order to remove the
rubber grommets from the anchor case. Only after the rubber
grommets have been removed may the gripping elements be inserted
into the unit and tensioning of the cables effected.
In the Kelly patent, removal before tensioning of the concrete
forms and the sponge rubber seal located between the anchoring case
and the forms is made necessary by the design of the seal used.
The present invention allows a cable to be tensioned without the
removal of the concrete forms or the sealing cap. By eliminating
the need to remove the forms and sealing cap before tensioning, the
time required to tension the numerous cables associated with a
post-tensioned concrete structure is greatly reduced thereby
reducing the cost of the procedure and the finished product.
A more complete understanding of the present invention may be had
by referring to the following detailed description when taken in
conjunction with the drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a pictorial of an anchor of the present invention as in
use in a concrete structure;
FIG. 2 is an end view of the anchor of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an anchor of the invention taken
longitudinally through its center;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken generally along the lines 4--4
looking in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a plastic sheathed cable for use as a
tendon in post-stressing concrete structures;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of an anchor of the present invention
imbedded in concrete and showing use of a hydraulic jack for
tensioning a tendon with a wood form in place;
FIG. 6A is a plan view of a steel mounting plate for use in
post-stressing tendons with an anchor of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of an anchor of the present invention
imbedded in concrete and showing the use of a hydraulic jack for
post-tensioning a tendon with the wood form removed; and
FIG. 8 is a side view of an alternate embodiment of the
invention.
FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 illustrate an anchor used in post-tensioning
concrete structures embodying the present invention. The anchor
includes a tapered case 10 with an anchoring flange member 11
formed around the outer periphery of the case. The flange member 11
may be formed as an integral part of the case 10 or may be a
separate piece attached to the case by suitable means. Case 10 has
a tapered bore extending substantially the length of the case along
its longitudinal axis. The bore opening is larger at the larger end
of case 10 and tapers gradually to a smaller opening at the small
end of the case.
The smaller opening is fitted with a cylindrical insert 12 which
fits snugly into the bore opening. The insert is adapted with a
flange 13 which limits the insertion of the insert to the immediate
end of case 10. The inner diameter of the insert is properly
dimensioned to accept a tensioning cable 14 and forms a seal
between the cable and anchor case 10. The seal formed is sufficient
to prevent the ingress of mositure and unset concrete into the case
through the small end.
Referring to FIG. 5, the tensioning cable 14 is enclosed within a
plastic sheath 14a and typically is a seven strand steel cable. A
lubricant, such as a thick grease, encircles the cable 14 between
the sheath 14a. This plastic sheath and lubricant coating
significantly reduces the amount of force required to properly
tension the cable 14.
Wedge segments 15 and 15a are contoured on their outer surface to
mate with the bore in case 10. The inner surface of the segment 15
and 15a are serrated for gripping the cable 14 against which they
are engaged.
A collapsible sealing cap 16 encircles the larger end of case 10.
The cap is fitted with an inwardly extending flange 17 which seals
over and mates with flange 18 extending radially frfom case 10. The
engagement of cap 16 over the end of case 10 is so designed and
constructed to prevent the entry of moisture and unset concrete
into the case.
The cap 16 has an opening in its head which when assembled on the
case 10 is coaxially aligned with the axis of case 10. The opening
is defined by a cylindrical flange 19 which extends longitudinally
outside of cap 16. The inside diameter of flange 19 is so sized to
effect a positive seal against cable 14 which passes through it.
The external extension of flange 19 allows it to be inserted in
complemental opening 0 in the concrete form F to which the case 10
is attached by pins P. This engagement creates a second seal
between cap 16 and form F to prevent entry of moisture and unset
concrete into the case through the large end.
A coil spring 20 is positioned between the wedge segments 15 and
15a and the sealing cap 16. With the cap fixedly attached to the
case, the action of the spring 20 forces segments 15 and 15a into
an assembled relationship with the tapered bore of the case 10 to
thereby cause the serrated surfaces of segments 15 and 15a to
contact the cable 14 passing through the anchor.
FIG. 2 illustrates ribs 21 on imbedding flange 11. These ribs
strengthen flange 11 while requiring a minimum of additional
material. Although in the present embodiment, the ribs are cast as
an integral part of imbedding flange 11, they may be pressed from
the rib portion or added as separate pieces by any suitable means
of attachment.
In use, referring to FIG. 1, the small bore opening in case 10 is
fitted with insert seal 13. Cable 14 is then threaded through
insert seal 13 and into and through the bore in casing 10. Wedge
segments 15 and 15a are inserted into the bore in case 10 and
around cable 14. Spring 20 is positioned around cable 14 and
engaged with segments 15 and 15a. Spring 20 is compressed and
retained in position by fixedly securing cap 16 around the flange
18 on the large end of case 10. The action of spring 20 forces
segments 15 and 15a into the smaller end of the tapered bore in
case 10 thus causing the serrated surfaces of the wedge segments to
engage cable 14 passing therethrough.
The assembled anchor is then attached to concrete form F using pins
P. Cable 14 is threaded through an opening in concrete form F and
the flange 19 on cap 16 is inserted into a complemental opening 0
to establish a seal between flange 19 and form F.
Cable 14 is then lightly tensioned to properly align the cable in
the structure to be formed. Then concrete C is poured and permitted
to harden. After the concrete has hardened, post-tensioning may be
performed without removal of form F or cap 16.
Referring to FIG. 6, in tensioning the cable 14 with the form F in
place, jacking equipment 22 is attached to the cable 14 exteriorly
of the form. The cable 14 is passed through a set of jack grippers
24 and the jack nose 26 is placed against the form F with a steel
plate 28 intermediate between the jack nose and the form. A typical
configuration for the steel plate 28 is illustrated in FIG. 6A.
Hydraulic pressure is applied to the jacking equipment 22 to move
the jack grippers 24 away from the wood form F to tension the cable
14. As the cable 14 is tensioned by drawing it through the case 10,
the action of the spring 20 engages wedge segments 15 and 15a
against cable 14. After tensioning the cable 14 to the desired
stress requirements, hydraulic pressure to the jack 42 is released
and the wedge segments 15 and 15a gripping the cable 14 prevent
slippage of the cable out of the case 10 and thereby retain the
applied tension.
With the tensioning technique of FIG. 6, the form F is retained in
place resulting in a considerable saving of time and reducing the
cost of post-tensioning. When desired, the form F may be removed
and the jacking equipment 22 and steel plate 28 assembled directly
against the concrete structure.
Referring to FIG. 7, there is shown tensioning of the tendon cable
14 with the form F removed. Again, the jacking equipment 22 is
attached to the cable 14 with the cable passing through the jack
grippers 24 as previously explained. The jack nose 26 is assembled
against the steel plate 28 which in turn is in contact with
hardened concrete 30 of the structure to be tensioned. Actual
tensioning of the cable 14 takes place in the same manner as
described with reference to FIG. 6.
During tensioning with either the method of FIGS. 6 or 7, movement
generally occurs between the jacking equipment 22 and the anchor
assembly. The hollow collapsing sealing cap 16 permits such
movement without binding against or otherwise adversely affecting
the movement of cable 14 through case 10.
In an alternate embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 8, the side walls
of cap 16 are formed as shown in FIG. 3. Inner walls 16a are formed
with accordian pleats such that at the time of tensioning of the
cable, the walls 16a may collapse without binding against or
otherwise adversely affecting the movement of cable 14 through
anchor case 10. Such a structure further allows achievement of a
positive seal between the head of cap 16 and form F to which the
anchor is attached since the walls 16a will adjust to align the cap
head with the form.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been
shown and described, it is nevertheless to be understood that
various changes may be made therein, without departing from the
spirit and scope of the claims hereto appended.
* * * * *