U.S. patent number 3,876,865 [Application Number 05/481,542] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-08 for electrical verification and identification system.
Invention is credited to William W. Bliss.
United States Patent |
3,876,865 |
Bliss |
April 8, 1975 |
Electrical verification and identification system
Abstract
An electrically encoded system is provided which includes a base
with a first matrix mounted on the base and formed of a first
plurality of electrical conductors spaced and insulated from one
another, and which may also include a second plurality of
electrical conductors mounted on the base which are spaced and
insulated from one another and which bridge selected pairs of the
conductors of the first plurality. However, the circuit is still
not complete, and a second matrix which is positioned externally to
the base is required. Adjustments must be made to the second matrix
in order to complete a circuit through the first matrix and through
the conductors of the second plurality so as to provide an output
indication.
Inventors: |
Bliss; William W. (Los Angeles,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
26986303 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/481,542 |
Filed: |
June 21, 1974 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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328290 |
Jan 30, 1973 |
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219724 |
Jan 21, 1972 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
235/492; 340/5.8;
194/211; 235/441; 283/83; 283/904 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G07C
9/215 (20200101); G07F 7/1058 (20130101); G06K
19/067 (20130101); G06K 7/065 (20130101); G06Q
20/347 (20130101); G07F 7/10 (20130101); Y10S
283/904 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G07F
7/10 (20060101); G06K 19/067 (20060101); G06K
7/06 (20060101); G07C 9/00 (20060101); G06k
007/06 (); G06k 019/02 (); G09f 003/02 (); G07f
001/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;235/61.12C,61.12R,61.7B,61.11A ;340/149A ;200/46R ;194/4R ;40/2.2
;360/131 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Cook; Daryl W.
Assistant Examiner: Kilgore; Robert M.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Jessup & Beecher
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation of copending application Ser. No. 328,290
filed Jan 30, 1973, now abandoned, which, in turn, is a
continuation of copending application Ser. No. 219,724 filed Jan
21, 1972 now abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An electrically encoded system including in combination: a base;
a first matrix mounted on said base comprising a first plurality of
electrical conductors spaced and insulated from one another; a
second plurality of electrical conductors mounted on said base
spaced and insulated from one another and respectively bridging and
interconnecting selected pairs of the conductors of said first
plurality in accordance with a predetermined code; a plurality of
electrical terminals mounted on said base and electrically
connected to respective ones of said conductors of said first
plurality; a pair of output terminals mounted on said base and
connected to a pair of conductors of said first plurality of said
first matrix; a second matrix positioned externally of said base
and controllably establishing electrical connections between
selected pairs of said electric terminals to interconnect the
remaining pairs of the conductors of said first plurality not
interconnected by the electrical conductors of said second
plurality and to complete a circuit across said output terminal
only when a particular program has been implemented in the control
of said second matrix.
2. The combination defined in claim 1, and which includes an output
circuit positioned externally of said base, and connected to said
output terminals for providing an indication when said circuit has
been completed across said output terminals.
3. The combination defined in claim 1, in which said base is formed
of a plurality of insulated sheets of plastic material, or the
like, each of a size to be conveniently carried on the person of
the user, said insulated sheets being laminated to one another to
constitute a card having a multiplicity of layers, and in which
said first matrix is formed on one of said layers, and said second
plurality of electrical conductors are formed on another of said
layers.
4. The combination defined in claim 3, in which one of said layers
includes a plurality of metallized holes extending therethrough,
and in which each of said electrical conductors of said first
matrix extends between and is connected to corresponding pairs of
said metallized holes, and in which said conductors of said second
plurality are positioned to bridge and to be connected to selected
pairs of said metallized holes.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As will become evident as the description proceeds, one application
of the system of the invention is in the verification of credit
cards. Although credit cards are in widespread use today throughout
the world, they are subject to mis-uses which cost the industry
many millions of dollars a year. This is because of the lack of a
simple, inexpensive and foolproof system which will prevent the
card from being used by an unauthorized person, and which also will
prevent further use of the card by a person whose account has
become delinquent.
The electrical verification system of the present invention
provides in one of its embodiments, a simple and efficient means
for overcoming the aforesaid disadvantages of the prior art credit
cards and checkout systems, as well as providing additional
advantages which are beyond the capabilities of existing cards and
systems.
For example, the system of the present invention may be used in a
manner in which the user alone is aware of a certain code number
which must be set into a checkout system before his credit card
will be validated. In this way, he is protected from the
unauthorized use of his card in the event it should become lost or
stolen.
In addition, the system of the invention may be formed so that
information concerning the user may be programmed into the system.
This information may include, for example, the age, height, race,
etc., of the user, all of which are read by the checkout system and
apparatus at the point of use of the card to protect the user
against the unauthorized use of his credit card. Other information
also may be programmed into the system, such as credit rating,
expiration date, etc., so as to protect the retailer from the use
of the card by persons whose accounts have become delinquent, or
have expired.
The system of the invention may be used in conjunction with a
central computer to widen its field of utility, and, as such, may
be tied into a central automatic billing system. In this way, all
pertinent information of each transaction, properly identified, may
be carried to the account of the customer, so that a running
balance of the account may be maintained for periodic automatic
billing purposes. The same concept may be applied to the use of the
system in conjunction with a bank account, in which case a card
would function in lieu of checks, as a means for drawing on the
account. Likewise, the card may be used as a telephone credit card,
with information on the card automatically carrying appropriate
accounting data to the account of the subscriber at the
subscriber's telephone number which is programmed into the
card.
Another and different use for the system of the present invention
may be for programming airline flights. In this case, each retail
sales outlet throughout the country would be issued groups of
cards, and each of the cards would represent a different flight. A
matrix on each card would then represent the seating capacity for a
particular flight. As the seats for a particular flight are sold,
the central computer system effectively completes corresponding
bridging circuits for the matrix, so that a "full" indication is
obtained when all the seats of that particular flight are sold and
the circuit is complete. Thus, each card of a particular group, as
distributed around the country, would represent the seating
capacity of one particular flight, and as the seats are filled the
circuits close automatically at the central computer station until
the flight is booked. The cards of the particular group may be used
over and over for that particular flight, as long as it is in
existence.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective representation of a credit card
constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of one type of checkout system
for the card of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a second type of checkout
system for the card.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENT
The system of the invention will be described herein in a credit
card environment. However, it will become evident as the
description proceeds, and as explained above, that the card of the
invention has much wider and far reaching uses. Specifically, the
invention is concerned with a first matrix formed of a group of
discontinuous electrical conductors and having certain information
programmed into it, and with a second matrix for completing the
circuit of said first matrix and which is capable of identifying
the information which has been programmed into each particular
card.
In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the base for the first matrix is in
the form of a credit card which is made up of a plurality of
sheets, for example, sheets 10, 12 and 14, of suitable plastic
material. The sheets 10, 12 and 14 may be composed, for example, of
an appropriate organic polymer, such as polyester, or other plastic
material, or the like, as is usual with present day credit
cards.
The sheet 12 carries a first group of mutually isolated printed
circuit elements, for example, formed on its upper surface which
constitutes a first matrix of the card. The first matrix on the
sheet 12, as shown, is made up of a multiplicity of discontinuous
concentric printed circuit conductors, all of which must be
electrically inter-connected, in order to form a complete electric
circuit. The electric circuit must be established, for example,
between output terminals A and B; the output terminals being formed
by usual metallizing techniques, at the edge of the sheet 12. As
shown, each conductor of the first matrix extends between two
metallized holes in the card 12. Moreover, each conductor of the
first matrix is connected, by appropriate printed circuit
connections, to further metallized terminals C positioned around
the edge of the card.
A further group of mutually isolated printed circuit conductors may
be formed on the upper surface of the sheet 10 by usual printed
circuit techniques. The conductors of the latter group are
positioned to bridge selected pairs of the conductors of the first
matrix. This is achieved by forming the conductors on the sheet 12
to bridge selected pairs of the aforesaid metallized holes which
extend through the sheet 12. In this way, the mutually isolated
conductors on the sheet 10 inter-connect certain of the conductors
of the first matrix on the sheet 12, but cause other conductors of
the first matrix to be left unconnected. The remaining circuit
breaks of the first matrix must be completed in the circuitry of a
third external matrix before an electric circuit may be established
between the output terminals A and B so as to indicate a
verification of the card, or to provide an indication of the
information which has been programmed into the card.
It will be appreciated that a particular pattern of the conductors
on sheet 10 is formed during the manufacture of the card, and this
pattern may be selected so that the second matrix in the external
checkout system must fulfill certain criteria before a validation
is achieved. This criteria in a simple system, for example, may
merely be a certain code number which is known to the user of the
card, and which is set manually into the checkout system, so that a
validation is achieved when the proper code number is communicated.
In more complex systems, a central computer is used to meet various
different criteria which have been programmed into the card before
the validation is secured. For example, the computer furnishes the
proper identification of the user, corresponding to the code
selected by the encoding circuit, before a validation is
established.
The various layers of the card of FIG. 1 are then sealed together
at the factory, and the top layer 10 may be embossed or printed
with the usual credit card of other designations. It is preferable
that the card be manufactured so that the various layers become
sealed together into a unitary mass, so as to preclude unauthorized
tampering with the card. Also, means may be incorporated into the
card so that the circuits themselves become destroyed if any
attempt is made to pry the layers apart, and so that the card
itself becomes discolored when such an attempt is made.
The card shown in FIG. 1 may be used, for example, in conjunction
with a simple checkout system such as shown in FIG. 2. An
appropriate receptacle 100 is provided which includes terminals 102
that make connection with the various terminals C on the card, when
the card is placed in the receptacle. The receptacle also includes
a pair of terminals 104 which make contact with the terminals A and
B on the card. The terminals 104 are connected, for example, to a
power source 106 and indicator 108, the connection being such that
when a circuit is completed between the terminals 104, indicating
the validation of the card, the indicator lamp 108 will glow. Of
course, other appropriate oral or visual indicators may be used to
indicate the validity of the card.
In the simple system of FIG. 2, the terminals 102 are each
connected to a switching circuit 110, which is made up of a
plurality of manually operated switches. The switches may be
mounted, for example, on an appropriate control board adjacent the
checkout device. Then, in this particular instance, when the user
furnishes the proper code for his card, the retailer then actuates
the corresponding switches in his switching circuit, so that the
missing links of the first matrix on the layer 12 are completed.
Then, a complete circuit is established in conjunction with the
particular conductors on the layer 10 and so that the lamp 108 will
glow, indicating that the proper code has been communicated.
However, as indicated above, the card of the invention may be used
in conjunction with more complex checkout systems, such as
designated schematically in FIG. 3. In the latter system, the
receptacle 100 is connected to a master printed circuit card 200
which is incorporated into the system, and which compares with the
first matrix on the layer 12 of the card of FIG. 1. It will be
evident, of course, that the master circuit card 200 may itself be
removable, either physically or electronically, so that for any
particular group of cards being checked by the system, a master
circuit card 200 is incorporated into the checkout system
corresponding to the first matrix of the card being checked.
A computer, or other means, then physically or electronically
searches through its memory for a conductor pattern, such as
designated 202 in FIG. 2, which will complete the missing links of
the first matrix of the particular card being tested, and when that
pattern is found, the computer displays the corresponding data
which represnts the information which has been coded into the
card.
The checkout system may incorporate approprite memories and
circuitry to simulate the master circuit card 200 and decoding card
202. For example, the particular format of the first matrix of a
particular card may be stored in an appropriate register in the
checkout system, and a comparison may be made within the system
until the appropriate combination is found. At that time, the
display of the system will incorporate the various data which has
been programmed into the card.
It will be appreciated, therefore, that the apparatus for checking
out the card may be incorporated with other devices such as credit
card print-out machines, computers, electronic scanners and the
like. In each instance, the read-out apparatus includes an actual
or simulated second matrix which completes a circuit through the
card being checked. As described above, the second matrix of the
read-out system is connected as a system which by its nature may be
changed manually or electronically in order to duplicate all the
possible combinations of the matrix on the card until a match is
made and the circuit is completed.
As also mentioned, manual means such as a keyboard, dials, levers,
and other types of switch actuating means may be used in the
read-out apparatus to complete the missing links in the matrix of
the card being checked. As also described, the read-out apparatus
may be electronically controlled so that it automatically reads out
all possible combinations to find the missing combinations, and
then displays corresponding data which has been programmed into the
system and which corresponds to the match when it is made.
The invention provides, therefore, a base which includes a first
matrix which contains unknown missing links, and which requires a
second matrix in the checkout apparatus before a circuit is
completed so as to verify the card or indicate the information
which has been programmed into the card.
In the manufacture of cards in accordance with the illustrated
embodimient of the invention, the various layers may be made in
multiple runs and coded, according to the data which is to be
programmed into each card. When a subscriber is offered a card, the
top layer 14 may be embossed with his name and account number, in
accordance with usual procedures, and this layer is then sealed to
the other layers, and the resulting combination is filed with the
owner's name. The completed card is then mailed separately without
the code, for example, so as to prevent mail theft of the cards.
Several days later, the subscriber may be mailed his code number,
which, in accordance with the embodiment described in conjunction
with FIG. 2, he presents to the retail outlet each time he uses his
card.
As also described, the card may be programmed to include other
information concerning the user, all of which is established in a
predetermined program, to be visually displayed by the central
computing system, when the particular decoding combination is
derived for completing the circuit established by the combination
of the master circuit and encoding circuit in the card of FIG.
1.
For example, each card may incorporate a plurality of matrices to
add to the coding capabilities of the card. The terminals C can
then extend down through the various layers of the card and can be
used for any number of matrices. Conversely, separate terminals may
be provided for each matrix. When the same terminals C are used for
all the matrices, separate terminals A and B may then be provided
for each matrix, and the check-out system would be constructed to
read out the individual matrices in sequence. It is apparent, of
course, that the matrices may be connected and/or sensed in any
desired sequence, or simultaneously, depending upon the coding
combination desired.
Although particular embodiments of the card and checkout apparatus
of the invention have been described, modifications may be made. It
is intended to cover all such modifications in the following
claims.
* * * * *