U.S. patent number 3,876,850 [Application Number 05/370,448] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-08 for liquid type modular electrical switch.
Invention is credited to Phillippe Paul Amberny.
United States Patent |
3,876,850 |
Amberny |
April 8, 1975 |
LIQUID TYPE MODULAR ELECTRICAL SWITCH
Abstract
A modular electrical switch includes a fluid-tight enclosure
into which conductive contacts extend to provide selective
switching in cooperation with a conductive liquid, such as mercury,
contained within a cavity in the enclosure, depending on the
position of the switch module. The contacts and the connections
thereto are formed by metallic deposits on a dielectric substrate.
The cavity can be of several different shapes including polygonal
and toric, the liquid resting, due to gravity, in the lowermost
corner of the cavity in the former embodiment.
Inventors: |
Amberny; Phillippe Paul (N/A)
(75 Paris XV.degree., FR) |
Family
ID: |
9101289 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/370,448 |
Filed: |
June 15, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Jul 4, 1972 [FR] |
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72.24075 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
200/220;
200/224 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
29/04 (20130101); H01H 1/403 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
1/12 (20060101); H01H 29/00 (20060101); H01H
1/40 (20060101); H01H 29/04 (20060101); H01h
001/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;200/220,224,228,234,235,187,188,208 ;174/68.5 ;317/11CC |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hohauser; Herman J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Larson, Taylor & Hinds
Claims
I claim:
1. A modular electrical switch comprising a dielectric substrate,
electrical contacts located on said substrate, a fluid-tight
insulating enclosure secured to said substrate and containing a
conductive liquid and said electrical contacts extending into said
enclosure, said contacts comprising thin metallic layer deposits on
said dielectric substrate and said conductive liquid, in the
switching position thereof, providing a conductive path between a
pair of neighboring electrical contacts.
2. A switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said enclosure defines a
toric cavity therein, said contacts comprising radial contacts
located about the periphery of said toxic cavity.
3. A switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said enclosures defines a
cavity of polygonal shape.
4. A switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said dielectric substrate
includes a concave face, said enclosure being mounted on said
concave face.
5. A switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said contacts provide
plural connection areas each including at least two contacts
positioned relative to one another such that the liquid completes
an electrical connection therebetween.
6. A switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said contacts include a
conductive deposit thereon capable of wetting by the conductive
liquid.
7. A switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said thin layers comprise
printed circuits.
8. A switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said enclosure is filled
with a neutral gas.
9. A switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein a partial vacuum is
provided within said enclosure.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to modular electrical
switches employing a liquid conductor, such as mercury-type
switches.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Switches of the type referred to above take a number of different
forms, switching generally being provided by rotation of the unit
and the liquid, as stated, usually being mercury. For example, in
one switch of this type, mercury is contained in a fluid-tight
swinging bulb to which electrodes are attached. A further such
switch includes a mercury-containing cylindrical bulb inside of
which electrodes are electomagnetically rotated. Another switch of
this type is formed by a fluid-tight toric or toroidal glass tube
which contains a mass of mercury and into which projects an
electrode assembly. The mercury moves responsive to swinging or
rotational movements of the tube to make selective contact with the
various electrodes.
Although these switches are relatively simple, the relatively large
size and mass of the switches is a disadvantage and can render the
switches unsuitable for certain applications.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, a modular electrical
switch is provided which is of substantially reduced size and
weight as compared with prior art switches, but, nonetheless,
enables complex switching to be carried out.
In its broader aspects, the swtich of the invention comprises a
liquid-tight, insulating enclosure which contains a conductive
liquid and into which conductive contacts extend, the contacts
being formed by a metallic deposit on a dielectric substrate. The
metallic deposits can, for example, be thin metallic layers formed
by printed circuit techniques, thereby making it possible to
substantially reduce both the size and cost of the device.
According to one important embodiment of the invention, the
fluid-tight enclosure provides a toric cavity and the contacts are
located about the periphery of the cavity. This arrangement permits
the use of a large number of contacts and hence provides a
correspondingly large number of switching states.
Another advantageous embodiment, which is particularly intended for
use with relatively weak signals, the contacts are covered or
coated with a conductive deposit which can be wetted by the
conductive liquid, the additional deposit permitting the passage of
very weak currents. Where the conductive liquid is mercury, these
deposits can be made up of platinum, nickel, chrome, tungsten or
other metals which do not form an amalgam with mercury.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in
or apparent from, the description of the preferred embodiments of
the invention found hereinbelow.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevation, partially broken away, of a first
embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken generally along line II--II of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is side elevation, partially broken away, of a second
embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken generally along line IV--IV of
FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a side elevation, partially broken away, of a third
embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken generally along line VI--VI of
FIG. 5; and
FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating an assembly of switches
similar to those of FIGS. 1 and 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a modular electrical switch in
accordance with a first embodiment of the invention is shown. The
switch includes a dielectric substrate 10 with a series of
conductive connections 12 located thereon, the connections 12 being
formed by metallic deposits on substrate 10. The connections 12 are
adapted to be connected, through connector portions 12a, to
external circuitry by conventional lead wires (not shown) and
include contact portions or contacts 12b which form a discontinuous
conductive network, as illustrated. The connections 12 are
preferably formed as thin layers using printed circuit techniques
and employing copper, or by conventional photoengraving techniques
using platinum, chrome-nickel or tungsten. Connections 12 can also
be formed in even thinner layers using silk screening techniques.
Substrate 10 can, for example, comprise a polyester with glass
fibers incorporated therein.
As is also illustrated, portions of contacts 12b extend into a
fluid-tight housing or enclosure 14 formed by a rectangular
insulating cup 16. Cup 16 is secured to substrate 10 by suitable
means such as gluing, using a bead of epoxy resin as indicated at
20 in FIG. 2, and defines a cavity 18 The enclosure 14 contains a
conductive liquid formed by a drop of mercury 20. The switch is
assumed to be vertical in FIG. 1, and the mercury drop 22 thus
occupies the lower corner of rectangular cup 16 where it is held by
gravity.
In the example illustrated, there are six connector portions 12a
arranged so that their associated contacts 12b form three
inter-electrode gaps or "posts" 24, 26, 28 in three corners of cup
16 which are bridged by mercury drop 22 when the switch is rotated
so that the gap in question is lowermost, i.e., in the position
shown for gap 26 in FIG. 1. The gaps 24 and 26 are formed by the
ends of four convergent contacts 12b, one contact of each being the
end of the arm of a generally cruciform shaped central contact as
shown. The other gap 26 is formed by two contacts, viz, the foot of
the cruciform shaped central contact and a straight line contact
portion, as shown. It will be appreciated the amount of mercury,
i.e., the size of mercury drop 22, depends on the space or gap
defined at 24, 26 and 28, although in a specific practical
embodiment, the volume of drop 22 is several cubic millimeters.
The switch of FIG. 1 does not have to be vertical to enable proper
operation and, in fact, can be inclined up to about 50.degree. to
the vertical and still function as intended. The precise maximum
value of inclination, of course, depends on a number of technical
or physical relationships, the frictional forces exerted by the
drop 22 on the surface of the cup 16 depending, for example, on the
substance used to make the cup.
In order to reduce the risk of gradual oxidation of conductive
contacts 12b, it is advantageous to deposit a suitable metal
thereon which does not form an amalgam with mercury drop 22 and is
capable of wetting thereby. Alternatively, (or additionally) a
partial vacuum can be created in cavity 18 or this cavity can be
filled with a neutral gas.
As mentioned hereinabove, the switch of the invention is
particularly advantageous in switching microcurrents (currents of
several milliamperes) but when so used, it is necessary, as a
practical matter, that the contacts 12b be covered with a thin
conductive layer providing good electrical contact with mercury
drop 22, the resistance between drop 22 and contacts 12b preferably
being held to value on the order of one milliohm. If contacts 12b
are copper, this purpose may be served by electrochemically
depositing thereon a suitable metal such as platinum, chrome or
nickel. Alternatively, tungsten can be sprayed on contacts 12b
using conventional tungsten plasma techniques.
The switch of the invention is very small in size and low in cost
relative to conventional switches of this type and, with this
simplicity, enables complex switching to be performed thereby
making it attractive for use, as an example, in telephonic
switching. It is noted that cup 16 need not be rectangular and
other polygonal shapes can be used to provide a number of
interelectrode gaps, corresponding to gaps 24, 26 and 28, equal to
the number of angles of the polygon. However, it will be understood
that there is a limit to the number of sides the polygon can have
and it has been found that the angle of rotation between adjacent
gaps should be at least 30.degree..
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, a further embodiment of the invention
is illustrated which includes a fluid-tight unit or housing 30
defines a toric or toroidal cavity 32 into which a plurality of
radial contacts 34b extend. Radial contacts 34b are part of
corresponding connections, generally denoted 34, which terminate in
connector portions 34a. The unit 30 houses a mercury drop 36 and is
mounted on a substrate 38, and the switch of FIGS. 3 and 4 is
otherwise similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2. As illustrated, the
volume of mercury drop 36 is such as to provide connection of three
adjacent contacts 34b although, of course, this volume can be
reduced to provide connection between two contacts only.
The embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 provides a particularly large
number of switching gaps or posts for mercury drop 36 simply by
multiplying the number of conductive connections 34. Switching is
accomplished, as in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, by merely
rotating the switch, the mercury drop 36 remaining stationary and
providing connection between the next set of electrode contacts 34b
rotated into the position shown in FIG. 3. The embodiment of FIGS.
3 and 4 is particularly useful in generating pulses and, for
example, measuring rotational speeds.
Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the embodiment shown therein is closely
related to that shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and like elements have been
given the same numners as in FIGS. 3 and 4 with prime superscripts.
In FIGS. 5 and 6, an annular cup 40 replaces the enclosure of FIGS.
3 and 14 and defines a circular cavity 42. Substrate 38' includes a
concave face 38a' the center of which is coaxial with cavity 42.
Electrodes 34' are also curved to conform to the shape of the
concave face 38a' of substrate 38' as shown in FIG. 6.
In operation, with the switch horizontal, the mercury drop 36' is
located in the center of cavity 42 as illustrated. In this
embodiment, it is advantageous to, for example, connect all even
electrodes 34' to the same pole and all odd electrodes 34' to
another pole so that a current path can be established by swinging
the switch in any direction.
Referring to FIG. 7, an assembly 50 of a series of switches similar
to those of FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown. Flexible lead wires 52 are
provided and the switches are held together by rods (not shown)
which extend through the assembly and on to the ends of which are
screwed nuts 54.
It will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to the
embodiments described hereinabove and that various modifications
and variations can be effected in these embodiments without
departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. For example,
a polygonal half cup may be combined with a toric-shaped half
cavity and an appropriate arrangement of contacts provided.
Further, referring again to the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4, it is
possible to locate a branched conductive network in the center of
housing 32, the branches cooperating with the mercury drop 36 and
two electrodes 34 to provide switching connections. These
modifications are, of course, non-limiting and are only examples of
those possible.
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