U.S. patent number 3,876,204 [Application Number 05/394,682] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-08 for hollow ball bat with dampening means.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Aluminum Company of America. Invention is credited to Allen D. Bliss, Nicholas R. Moore.
United States Patent |
3,876,204 |
Moore , et al. |
April 8, 1975 |
Hollow ball bat with dampening means
Abstract
A hollow ball bat having a tubular bat body provided with a
handle portion, a barrel portion and a connecting portion. A
tubular paperboard dampening element secured to the interior
surface of the barrel portion and having an external surface in
engagement with the barrel portion interior surface. Such
engagement may include about 30 to 75 percent of the barrel
interior surface. The paperboard tube may be provided with
corrugations on its exterior surface and may have a length of about
3.5 to 9 inches. The ball bat has an end closure closing the barrel
portion and the dampening member is secured to the end closure. In
a preferred form, the end closure is an end plug having a reduced
diameter lower portion which extends into the dampening member.
Inventors: |
Moore; Nicholas R. (Bellflower,
CA), Bliss; Allen D. (Santa Ana, CA) |
Assignee: |
Aluminum Company of America
(Pittsburgh, PA)
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Family
ID: |
26937352 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/394,682 |
Filed: |
September 6, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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245625 |
Apr 19, 1972 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
473/520;
473/566 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
59/51 (20151001); A63B 59/50 (20151001); A63B
60/54 (20151001); A63B 2102/18 (20151001) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
59/00 (20060101); A63B 59/06 (20060101); A63B
059/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;273/67R,72R,72A,8R,8B,82R,70 ;220/65
;229/4.5,14B,14C,14H,89-93,DIG.2 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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22,649 |
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Jul 1948 |
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SF |
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23,495 |
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Sep 1949 |
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SF |
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Primary Examiner: Apley; Richard J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Silverman, Esq.; Arnold B.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No.
245,625, filed Apr. 19, 1972 and entitled "Hollow Ball Bat with
Dampening Means" and now abandoned.
Claims
We claim:
1. A hollow ball bat comprising
a tubular bat body having a handle portion, a barrel portion and a
connecting portion,
an end closure disposed at the barrel end of said tubular bat
body,
a tubular paperboard dampening element disposed within said barrel
portion and having an exterior surface in contact with the interior
surface of said barrel portion,
said end closure being an end plug having a section extending into
said barrel portion,
said end plug having an exterior surface portion in contact with
the interior surface of said barrel portion and further having a
reduced diameter annular lower section disposed within said
dampening element, means permanently securing said tubular
paperboard dampening element to said end plug lower section whereby
said paperboard dampening element will be restrained against
undesired relative axial movement with respect to said bat body and
impact between said ball bat and a ball will result in said
dampening element reducing the noise and vibration in said ball bat
to a level below that which would exist in the absence of said
dampening member,
said end plug having an upper end outer surface extending beyond
the barrel end portion and further having an outwardly open annular
groove disposed between said reduced diameter lower section and the
upper end of said plug, and
said bat body having an annular generally radially inwardly
directed portion extending into said annular groove, whereby
relative axial movement of said end plug with respect to end ball
bat is resisted.
2. The hollow ball bat of claim 1
wherein said securing means is a frictional interengagement.
3. The hollow ball bat of claim 1
wherein said securing means is a mechanical fastener means.
4. The hollow ball bat of claim 3 including
said mechanical fastener means including at least one staple
passing through said dampening element and into said plug lower
section.
5. The hollow ball bat of claim 1
wherein said securing means is a adhesive means securing.
6. The hollow ball bat of claim 1 including
said paperboard dampening element having a length of about 3.5 to 9
inches.
7. The hollow ball bat of claim 6 including
said paperboard dampening element having an exterior member
provided with corrugations which engage said barrel portion
interior surface.
8. The hollow ball bat of claim 6 including
said paperboard dampening element being in surface to surface
contact with about 30 to 75 percent of said barrel portion interior
surface.
9. The hollow ball bat of claim 8 including
said paperboard dampening element being circumferentially
substantially continuous and having a length of about 5 to 9
inches.
10. A ball bat dampening element - end closure preformed
sub-assembly consisting essentially of
an elongated tubular paperboard dampening element having an
exterior surface generally of the same size as the interior surface
of the bat body barrel within which it will be received,
an end closure adapted for partial introduction into a bat body
barrel to provide a closure therefor,
said end closure being an end plug having an upper surface, a
generally cylindrical lateral surface adjacent said upper surface
and having an exterior diameter generally equal to the exterior
diameter of said dampening element, and a reduced diameter annular
lower section received within said dampening element, and means
permanently securing said dampening element to said end plug lower
section.
11. The dampener - end closure assembly of claim 10
wherein said securing means is a frictional engagement.
12. The dampener - end closure assembly of claim 10
wherein said securing means is a mechanical fastener.
13. The dampener - end closure assembly of claim 12 including
said mechanical fastener means including at least one staple
passing through said dampening element into said end plug lower
portion.
14. The dampener - end closure assembly of claim 10 including
said paperboard dampening element having a length of about 3.5 to 9
inches and
said paperboard dampening member having an exterior surface
provided with corrugations which engage said barrel portion
interior surface.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a hollow ball bat provided with
internally secured dampening means to reduce vibrations and noise
created during use of the bat. More specifically, this invention
relates to the use of a paperboard tube which is secured a
predetermined position within the barrel portion of the bat.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In recent years the use of hollow ball bats has become increasingly
popular. These bats frequently are composed of a material such as
aluminum or steel and have a handle portion, a barrel or hitting
portion and a connecting portion. One conventional version has a
handle portion of a first diameter, a barrel portion of a second
larger diameter and a tapered connecting portion. In order to
prevent undesired entry of moisture, dirt and other foreign matter
into the hollow bat interior, it has been known to provide separate
or integrally formed end closures at both ends of the bat. Bat
structures of this general type are shown in U.S. Pats. 1,611,858,
2,967,710 and 3,479,030.
As a result of the great strength and durability of the metal bat,
it has been found that tubular bats may be employed with great
success. It has, therefore, been unnecessary to employ more
expensive structures having substantially solid cross sectional
configurations. One problem which has been encountered with the
tubular metal bats has been the susceptibility to undesirable
vibration and noise upon impact with a ball. Several methods of
dampening the vibrations and noise have been previously suggested.
A bat provided with a tubular metal core and an exteriorly disposed
sponge covering adapted to reduce noise characteristics was
suggested in U.S. Pat. No. 2,099,521. While perhaps effective to
diminish noise, such a structure is undesirable as the mechanics of
the game are substantially altered in a detrimental fashion as a
result of the spongy nature of the bat's impact surface.
In co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 149,443 and Ser. No.
149,444, now abandoned, there have been suggested vibration and
noise dampening means which are provided within the bat interior
and, therefore, do not alter the desired hardness of the bat impact
surface or the wearing characteristics of such impact surface.
It has also been suggested to employ end caps of solid cross
sectional configuration which extend into the bat bore in an effort
to deaden sound. See U.S. Pat. 3,479,030. This same patent
discloses the use of a tapered adhesively secured plug of solid
cross sectional configuration as an insert into the handle portion
of the bat in an effort to effect sound deadening.
As ball bats are subjected to repeated cycles of severe mechanical
shock during ordinary use, it is essential that durable and
effective vibration and sound deadening means be provided in the
hollow metal ball bat. Also, in order for the metal bat to remain
competitive with the wooden bat, it is necessary to provide
dampening means which are readily introduced into the bat and
permanently secured in a predetermined position in an economical
fashion. In addition, such dampening means should be provided in
such a fashion as to avoid any detrimental alteration in the
mechanics of the game.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above-described need has been met by the ball bat of the
present invention. The hollow ball bat is provided with a handle
portion, a barrel portion and a connecting portion. Dampening means
in the form of a tubular paperboard dampening element is secured
within the interior of the barrel portion of the bat, preferably at
a position spaced inwardly from the free end of the barrel portion.
The tubular paperboard element is preferably circumferentially
substantially continuous and may be secured to the bat surface by
frictional contact. The paperboard tube preferably has a length of
about 3.5 to 9 inches with about 5 to 9 inches being the preferred
length. The tube may have a corrugated exterior surface which is in
contact with the barrel portion interior surface. The tubular
paperboard element is secured to a bat end closure and is
preferably introduced into the bat therewith to establish a
predetermined position for the dampening member.
It is an object of this invention to provide a hollow ball bat
having a concealed tubular paperboard dampening element secured
within the barrel portion of the bat.
It is another object of this invention to provide a paperboard
sleeve which may be employed economically and secured within the
barrel portion of the bat in a predetermined position in engagement
with the interior surface of the barrel portion.
It is a further object of this invention to provide such a dampened
bat construction which is adapted to withstand the abuse and severe
mechanical shock to which the bat will be subjected during normal
use and handling.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide for securing
the dampening member to a bat closure in order to facilitate
handling and assembly of the dampening member and closure, as well
as effecting and retaining predetermined positioning of the
dampening member within the bat barrel portion.
These and other objects will be more fully understood from the
following description on reference to the illustrations appended
hereto.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a partially broken away elevational view of a form of
ball bat construction of this invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates a fragmentary cross sectional view of a form of
bat body of this invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view taken through 3--3 of FIG. 2
showing the dampening member secured within the bat barrel.
FIG. 4 is an elevational view showing the exterior surface of a
form of dampening element of this invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of the dampening element shown in
FIG. 4 taken through 5--5.
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary cross sectional illustration showing
contact between a segment of the dampening element and the bat
body.
FIG. 7 is an exploded partially schematic view of a form of end
plug closure, a dampening member and fastening means employed in
this invention.
FIG. 8 is a bottom plan view of the end plug closure shown in FIG.
9.
FIG. 9 is a partial cross sectional view of an end plug closure -
dampening member assembly of this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The term "secured" and words of similar import as used herein when
referring to the relationship between the paperboard tubular
dampening element and the barrel interior will include retention
effected by frictional engagement with or without additional
friction improving means, adhesive means and other means of
effecting joinder therebetween, as well as combinations thereof.
The term "secured" and words of similar import as used herein to
refer to the relationship between the paperboard tubular dampening
member and an end plug or closure will include retention effected
by frictional engagement, with or without additional friction
improving means, mechanical fasteners such as staples, nails,
screws and the like, adhesive means and other means of effecting
joinder therebetween, as well as combinations thereof.
Referring now more specifically to FIG. 1, there is shown a ball
bat having a metal body, which is preferably aluminum, provided
with a barrel portion 2, a handle portion 4 and a tapered
connecting portion 6. In the form shown, the handle portion 4 of
the bat is covered by a grip member 10 which has a tubular section
overlying the bat handle 4 and a closed knob-like end wall 12. The
barrel portion of the bat has an end plug 16 secured within its
outer end. (For convenience of reference herein, the term "outer"
and words of similar import shall be employed to refer to a
direction toward the free end or opening of the barrel portion 2
and the word "inner" and words of similar import shall be employed
to refer to a direction moving away from the free end or opening of
the barrel portion 2.)
In FIG. 1, it is noted that a paperboard dampening element 18 is
positioned within the bat barrel portion 2 in a manner to be
discussed more fully below.
In the preferred practice of the present invention a wound
paperboard tube, which may be spirally or convolutely wound, has an
exterior cross sectional configuration generally the same as the
configuration of the adjacent portion of the barrel interior
surface. (In the case of a corrugated outer member, the exterior
configuration will be that established by connecting the peaks of
the corrugations). The tube has an exterior diameter approximating
that of the interior surface of the bat barrel portion 2 or
slightly larger than the same. This facilitates insertion and
retention of the paperboard dampening element within the desired
portion of the bat barrel.
As is shown in FIG. 2, the paperboard tubular element 18 is secured
within the bat barrel at a position spaced inwardly from the free
end 20 of the bat barrel. It is also noted that the preferred form
provides an element 18 which terminates at a position spaced
outwardly from the inner extremity 22 of the bat barrel 2. While,
if desired, one may provide a tubular paperboard dampening element
originating at or adjacent free end 20 or at or adjacent inner
extremity 22 or extending into connecting section 6 or handle 4, it
is preferred to provide the spacing discussed above. It has been
found that a paperboard tube having a length of at least about 3.5
inches is preferred to obtain maximum dampening. A slight
improvement in dampening characteristics is found by increasing the
length of the tube up to about 9 inches. While a length in excess
of 9 inches may be provided, no significant improvement in
dampening characteristics is obtained and increased cost is
encountered. In the preferred form of the invention, the dampening
element will be in surface to surface contact with about 30 to 75
percent of the barrel. For convenience of reference the term
"surface to surface" as used herein shall include contact which is
not continuous as in the case of a corrugated exterior. In
computing the area of contact in such cases the full surface of the
dampening element exposed to the barrel surface shall be counted
and not merely the surface areas of the corrugations. As a result
the "surface" of a given corrugated element will be the same as an
uncorrugated tube of the same length and diameter.
In general, the paperboard tubular element 18 may conveniently and
economically be provided by spiral or convolute winding and
subsequent cutting to the desired length. If desired, the tube may
be provided with exteriorly disposed friction or adhesion promoting
means, such as a plastic, rubber or adhesive covering, for example.
In the form of paperboard element 18 shown in FIG. 2 seams 24 of
the type established in spirally winding a fibrous paperboard tube
are provided. If desired, multiple plies may be employed in such a
wound tube to increase strength and improve dampening
characteristics.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3 once again, there is shown somewhat
schematically a paperboard sleeve 28 having a smooth surface 30 and
a barrel contacting surface 32 which is provided with a plurality
of corrugations adapted to frictionally engage the interior surface
of barrel portion 2. This form of paperboard sleeve 28 is
preferably made by providing a composite tube having an
independently formed core member. The corrugations serve as force
concentrators which increase the frictional contact between the
paperboard tube 28 and the bat barrel 2. If desired, an adhesive
may be provided intermediate the sleeve 28 and the barrel 2 in
order to improve the desired relative retaining
characteristics.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 through 6, a more detailed illustration of
the composite structure will be considered. FIG. 5 shows a
composite tubular paperboard dampening element which has a
generally uniform core member 36 secured within corrugated member
38. This composite structure may be established in a conventional
manner as by winding a core 36 over a mandrel and winding a
previously corrugated member thereover, with a suitable adhesive
being interposed. In a preferred form, the average thickness of the
wall of the corrugated member is about 0.090 to 0.125 inch.
AS is shown in FIG. 4, the corrugated member 38 has the
corrugations 40 generally angularly disposed with respect to the
longitudinal direction of the paperboard tube. This provides an
angular resisting force with a component which resists relative
axial movement between the corrugated member 38 and the bat barrel.
Also shown in FIG. 4 is a seam 42 at which abutting or overlapping
edges of adjacent wraps of the outer member 38 meet.
Considering now FIG. 6, there is shown the barrel portion of a
metal bat 2 which has an interior surface 44 and the corrugated
member 38 which is provided with corrugations 40. It is noted that
the corrugations 40 are in contact with the interior surface 44 and
are partially compressively deformed in order to facilitate
resistance to relative axial movement between the paperboard sleeve
and the bat barrel. If desired, adhesive may be provided in a
convenient fashion by permitting the recesses 46 in the corrugated
member 38 to serve as reservoirs to receive the same. It should
also be noted that the corrugations 40 serve to provide integral
reinforcement to the tubular paperboard or cardboard sleeve and as
a result contributes to resistance to undesired permanent
deformation of the sleeve.
It is noted that the tubular paperboard element has a diameter
approximating that of the interior barrel surface 44. (In
embodiments employing the corrugated exterior, the term "diameter"
shall refer to the distance between radially projecting corrugation
peaks.) It may be preferable to provide a paperboard diameter that
is slightly larger than the diameter across interior surface 44 in
order to improve frictional retention characteristics. It is
contemplated that the paperboard tube, whether it is provided with
the preferred exterior corrugations or has a generally smooth
exterior surface, can be axially inserted into the barrel portion 2
to provide a rapid, economical and convenient means of effecting
the desired assembly. If desired, additional friction improving
means such as tape, coatings or resilient elements may be secured
to the tube exterior or barrel interior to facilitate improved
frictional retention.
It will be appreciated that in the preferred embodiment of the
invention the tube will be generally continuous both longitudinally
and circumferentially. If desired, openings may be provided in the
tube to facilitate radial constriction upon insertion into the
barrel. The term "continuous" as used in this context shall be
intended to include such apertured tubes so long as the aperture
does not extend the entire length of the tube. While for
convenience of forming, handling and insertion, it is preferred
that the tube have joined edges to establish a sleeve, it is
contemplated that one may form a tube by wrapping a paperboard
element into a generally tubular shape with either overlapped,
abutting or spaced confronting edges. Such structures shall be
included within the terms "tubular dampening element," "tube" and
words of similar import as employed herein.
A preferred form of the invention, which involves providing spacing
between barrel opening 20 or the free end and the outermost end of
the paperboard or cardboard sleeve 18, facilitates the use of a
plug type closure such as that shown at 16 in FIG. 1. Entry of the
plug into the barrel does not produce interference between the plug
16 and tube 18. Alternatively, as the dampening means of this
invention is contained completely within the bat interior, more
rigid and durable end closures such as metal end closures, formed
either separately or integrally with the bat body, may be provided
as the closure need not be relied upon for its sound and vibration
dampening characteristics.
Referring now to FIGS. 7 through 9 a preferred embodiment of the
invention will be considered. In this form of the invention, as is
shown in the exploded view of FIG. 7, an end plug 50 is provided
with an upper surface 52, a generally cylindrical lateral surface
54 and a lower recessed annular surface 56 which is part of annular
band 60 and has a reduced diameter with respect to the immediately
overlying portion 54. It is noted also that the end plug 50
contains an outwardly open annular recess 58 which is adpated to
receive a portion of the bat body to provide an interlocking joint
therebetween. In the form illustrated, as is shown in FIG. 8, the
bat end plug 50 has recessed surface 56 provided by annular band 60
which is spaced radially outwardly from a central annular core
portion 62.
Referring once again to FIG. 7 there is shown a corrugated tubular
paperboard dampening member 70 which preferably has an internal
diameter D generally equal to or slightly smaller than the exterior
diameter d of the lower plug portion taken at surface 56. As a
result, portion 60 will be received within the interior of a
dampening member 70 in order to provide frictional interengagement
between interior surface 72 of dampening member 70 and exterior
surface 56 of the plug member 50. This interengagement is
preferably annularly substantially continuous. While if desired,
frictional contact may be relied upon providing the means for
securing of the end plug 50 to the dampening member 70 it will
generally be preferred to use substitute or supplemental fastening
means such as mechanical means or adhesive means, for example. As
shown in FIG. 7, a pair of diametrically opposed staples 74 in the
form shown are generally circumferentially oriented with respect to
dampening member 70 will pass through the dampening member 70 and
into annular band 60 of the plug thereby effecting a permanent
joint therebetween.
The completed assembly is shown in FIG. 9 which illustrates the
annular band 60 received within the dampening member 70 and secured
in such position by means of staples 74. The tubular bat body 76
has radially inwardly projecting portions 78 received within the
annular groove 58.
While for convenience of illustration herein a specific form of
plug member 50 has been shown, it will be appreciated that numerous
forms of plugs having portions cooperatively associated with the
dampening member in such fashion as to permit effective securement
may be provided. For example, the recessed portion defining surface
56 need not be an annular band 60, but could be a solid or
generally solid cylindrical section. In addition, the recessed
surface may be dispensed with and the dampener member 70 may be
secured to the end closure without requiring introduction of a
portion of the end closure into the dampening member. For example
adhesives placed around the upper edge of the dampening member 70
could permit direct bonding to an end plug. The plug 50 may be made
of any suitable material or combinations of materials including,
rubber, plastic and the like. U.S. Pat. No. 3,703,290 discloses one
suitable form of composite plug which may be fabricated to
establish the shape shown in FIG. 7, if desired.
It will be appreciated that this method of the invention provides a
number of advantageous features. First of all, as the end closure
or end plug 50 is presecured to the dampening member 70, there is
no need to separately handle, install and secure the dampening
element 70 to the bat body. In the form shown in FIGS. 7 through 9
the preassembly permits controlled rolling of the unit without
clogging hoppers, conveyors and other handling apparatus while such
transfer of the plugs alone could not readily be provided. In
addition, insertion of the plug 50 into bat body 76 provides for
automatic precise positioning of the dampening member 70 within the
bat at the desired predetermined axial position. Further, while the
dampening member 70 may preferably be secured to the interior
surface of the bat body 76, as by frictional engagement, the
positive securement to the end plug 50 provides sufficient
resistance to undesired movement of the dampening member within the
hollow bat interior to eliminate the need to rely upon the
dampening member 70 - bat body frictional engagement. The
substantial mechanical shock encountered during impact between the
bat and a ball will not produce meaningful undesired displacement
of the dampening member 70.
While for convenience of reference the description will frequently
refer to a single paperboard element, it will be appreciated that
several such elements axially abutted or axially spaced and having
a combined length suitable to accomplish the objectives may be
provided if desired.
While for exemplary purposes bat bodies made entirely of metal,
such as aluminum, have been described, it will be appreciated that
hollow bats made of nonmetallic materials, such as rigid plastic,
or combinations of metals and nonmetals may be employed with this
invention.
While for purposes of simplicity of discussion reference has been
made herein to bats having handle and barrel portions each having a
constant diameter different from the other and a tapered connecting
portion disposed therebetween, the invention is not so limited. For
example, bats having a very abrupt transition between handle and
barrel or bats having a generally continuous tapered form from one
end to another are also contemplated by this invention. With
respect to the latter category, the barrel will be considered as
being that portion of the bat which would normally be that
predetermined for efficient use in making contact with the ball and
the connecting portion will be the section interposed between the
barrel and handle portions.
It will, therefore, be appreciated that the hollow ball bat of this
invention provides an economical and effective means of dampening
noise and vibrations without altering the mechanical aspects of the
game. In addition, a durable, easy to assemble and effective
concealed structure adapted for use in conventional hollow bats is
provided.
Whereas particular embodiments of the invention have been described
above for purposes of illustration, it will be evident to those
skilled in the art that numerous variations of the details may be
made without departing from the invention as defined in the
appended claims.
* * * * *