U.S. patent number 3,876,149 [Application Number 05/354,535] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-08 for method of forming a torch tip and torch tips.
Invention is credited to William J. Futerko.
United States Patent |
3,876,149 |
Futerko |
April 8, 1975 |
METHOD OF FORMING A TORCH TIP AND TORCH TIPS
Abstract
A process is provided for forming a torch tip having a first
chamber and a second chamber from a solid metal block having a
first side and an opposing second side. A first row of spaced
openings which are separated from each other by metal is drilled in
the first side of the block partially through the block. An
overlapping opening is then drilled from the second side of the
block between each two adjacent openings of the first row. Each
overlapping opening has a diameter greater than the space between
its two adjacent openings of the first row so that it intersects
both of its two adjacent openings. Each overlapping opening is
drilled to extend partially through the block to remove metal
between its two adjacent openings of the first row and thereby form
a first chamber in the block. The outer ends of the drilled
openings of the first row and each overlapping opening is sealed to
form an enclosed first chamber. A sealed second chamber spaced from
the first chamber by a web is formed in an identical manner to the
first chamber. First and second gas inlets are provided for the
first and second chambers, respectively as well as first and second
gas outlet means.
Inventors: |
Futerko; William J. (Butler,
NJ) |
Family
ID: |
23393766 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/354,535 |
Filed: |
April 26, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/398;
29/890.142; 239/557; 29/558; 239/552; 239/602 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B23P
15/16 (20130101); B23P 15/00 (20130101); F23D
14/52 (20130101); C03B 23/043 (20130101); Y10T
29/49996 (20150115); Y10T 29/49432 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
B23P
15/16 (20060101); B23P 15/00 (20060101); F23D
14/48 (20060101); F23D 14/52 (20060101); B05b
007/04 (); B05b 007/06 (); B21d 053/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/310,311,318,398,429,430,433,434,548,552,553.5,557,566,590.5,592,602,290,291
;29/157C,557,558 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Ward, Jr.; Robert S.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow &
Garrett
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for forming a torch tip from a solid metal block having
a first side and an opposing second side, the torch tip having a
first gas chamber and a second gas chamber which supply gases for
producing a flame comprising:
a. drilling from the first side of the block partially through the
block a first row of spaced openings which are separated from each
other by metal;
b. drilling an overlapping opening from the second side of the
block between each two adjacent openings of the first row, with
each overlapping opening intersecting both of its two adjacent
openings of the first row and extending partially through the block
to remove metal from between its two adjacent openings of the first
row and thereby form a first chamber within the block;
c. sealing the outer ends of the drilled openings of the first row
and each overlapping opening to form an enclosed first chamber;
d. drilling from one of the first and second sides partially
through the block a second row of spaced openings which are
separated from each other by metal, with the first and second rows
of openings being spaced from each other to define a web between
them;
e. drilling an overlapping opening from the other of the first and
second sides of the block between each two adjacent openings of the
second row, with each overlapping opening intersecting both of its
two adjacent openings of the second row and extending partially
through the block to remove metal between its two adjacent openings
of the second row; and
f. sealing the outer ends of the drilled openings of the second row
and each corresponding overlapping opening to form an enclosed
second chamber.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the second row of openings is
drilled from the first side of the block and each overlapping
opening for the second row is drilled from the second side of the
block.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein a plurality of first gas outlet
passages are formed for the first chamber and a plurality of second
gas outlet passages are formed for the second chamber.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein each second gas outlet passage is
concentrically positioned within a first gas outlet passage.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein a series of gas jet holes is
drilled into the block about the first and second gas outlet
passages to provide a means for creating a sheet of confining gas
about the flame produced by the torch tip.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the openings of the first and
second row and the overlapping openings for these rows are drilled
to the same length.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second rows of
openings and the overlapping openings for these rows are drilled
parallel to each other.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the block is cylindrical and the
openings for the first and second rows and the overlapping openings
for these rows are drilled radially inwardly toward and beyond the
center of the block.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein a first manifold having a
plurality of axially spaced openings is provided in the first
chamber for distributing incoming gas to the first chamber and a
second manifold having a plurality of axially spaced openings is
provided in the second chamber for distributing incoming gas to the
second chamber.
10. The method of claim 1 including providing a first gas inlet for
the first chamber and a second gas inlet for the second
chamber.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the first and second gas inlets
are drilled into the block perpendicular to the openings of the
first and second rows.
12. A torch tip comprising a first gas chamber and a second gas
chamber which supply gases for producing a flame, a first manifold
extending into the first chamber and having a series of axially
spaced openings for distributing gas to the first chamber, and a
second manifold extending into the second chamber and having a
series of axially spaced openings for distributing gas to the
second chamber.
13. The torch tip of claim 12 including means for removably
plugging any of the openings of the first and second manifolds to
block the flow of gas through the plugged openings and increase the
flow of gas through remaining unplugged openings.
14. The torch tip of claim 13 wherein the axially spaced openings
of the manifold are threaded and said means comprises threaded
pllugs which engage the threaded openings.
15. The torch tip of claim 12 wherein outlet means for supplying
flame producing gases is provided in said body between said
chambers and the outside of said body, and a series of gas jet
holes in said body and about said outlet means for creating a flame
confining sheet of confining gas about the flame produced by the
flame producing gases at said outlet means.
16. the torch tip of claim 15 ncluding a first plurality of jet
holes about a first side of said outlet means for producing a first
flame confining gas sheet and a second plurality of jet holes about
a second side of said outlet means for producing a second flame
confining gas sheet.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to methods for producing torch tips and to
torch tips and more particularly relates to methods for producing
torch tips from solid metal blocks and to torch tips produced from
solid metal blocks.
Torch tips of various types and configurations have been known and
used to perform different functions, and although these torch tips
have served the purpose they have not proved entirely satisfactory
under all conditions of service. For example, many of the prior art
torch tips have required the use of a large number of parts to form
the necessary gas and cooling passages. The use of a plurality of
parts has resulted in high cost to manufacture and repair.
In addition, many of the prior art torch tips are formed by
casting, machining and soldering parts together to form separate
passageways for the gas. These procedures result in a high cost of
manufacture and repair and significantly limit the versatility of
the torch tips for adapting the tips to various uses. Many of the
prior art torch tip units have also been very difficult or
impossible to produce in large sizes and configurations for various
types of jobs.
Torch tips are frequently formed with an upper first chamber and a
lower second chamber which receive different gases that are mixed
outside of the tip to produce combustion. In the past, these first
and second chambers have been provided by securing cast and other
parts together such as by soldering or welding the parts. Torch
tips have also been produced by drilling holes in solid blocks of
metal, but in the past it has been difficult to form long torch
tips by this method because a drilled hole cannot be accurately
positioned in a desired area over a substantial length. Also, when
a plurality of interiorly spaced apart drilled holes have been used
to feed gas through the torch tip, these holes have been separated
from each other by metal and extra care had to be used in locating
gas outlet passages to insure that they would communicate with the
interior drilled holes.
Difficulties have also been encountered in evenly distributing
incoming gas to first and second chambers from single inlet
openings when the chambers are relatively large in size. Dead spots
to which no gas or very little gas is delivered tend to form in the
chamber. Also, post-mixed torch tips where an externally mixed gas
flame is produced from combustible and combustion supporting gases,
while having the advantage of eliminating flashbacks and backfires
usually associated with internally or pre-mixed type torch tips,
suffer from producing a flame which is somewhat ragged, has a
tendency to spread, and is of varying character.
Torch tips are often used to work and shape glass or quartz
articles such as quartz tubes. These tubes require large amounts of
heat to bring them to a desired working temperature and are often
fire polished on the inside of the tube. In the past, torch tips
designed for application with quartz and glass tubes have been
subject to self-destruction because of the high heat generated by
the torch tips during their operation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides an improved method for
forming a torch tip having a first chamber and a second chamber
from a solid block of metal having a first side and an opposing
second side. The method of the present invention, as embodied and
broadly described, comprises drilling from the first side of the
block partially through the block a first row of spaced openings
which are separated from each other by metal; drilling an
overlapping opening from the second side of the block between each
two adjacent openings of the first row, with each overlapping
opening intersecting both of its two adjacent openings and
extending partially through the block to remove metal between its
two adjacent openings of the first row and thereby form a first
chamber within the block; sealing the outer ends of the drilled
openings of the first row and each overlapping opening to form an
enclosed first chamber; drilling from one of the first and second
sides partially through the block a second row of spaced openings
which are separated from each other by metal, with the first and
second rows of openings being spaced from each other to define a
web between them; drilling an overlapping opening from the other of
the first and second sides of the block between each two adjacent
openings of the second row, with each overlapping intersecting both
of its two adjacent openings and extending partially through the
block to remove metal between its two adjacent openings of the
second row; and sealing the outer ends of the drilled openings of
the second row and each corresponding overlapping opening to form
an enclosed second chamber.
The method of this invention enables torch tips to be produced from
solid metal blocks by easily performed drilling operations. The
chambers of the torch tip can be produced in any desired length as
it is necessary to increase only the length of the block and number
of drilled openings in the sides of the block to produce a longer
torch tip and it is unnecessary to increase the length of the
drilled openings. A variety of torch tip shapes can be produced by
the present method including torch tips having rectangular,
cylindrical and annular shapes.
Preferably, the second row of openings is drilled from the first
side of the block and each overlapping opening for the second row
is drilled from the second side of the block. It is also preferred
to form a plurality of first gas outlet passages for the first
chamber and a plurality of second gas outlet passages for the
second chamber, with each second gas outlet passage being
concentrically positioned within a first gas outlet passage.
In one embodiment of the method of this invention, the first and
second rows of openings and the overlapping openings for these rows
are drilled parallel to each other. In an alternate embodiment of
the method of this invention, the block is cylindrical and the
openings for the first and second rows and the overlapping openings
for these rows are drilled to extend radially inwardly toward and
beyond the center of the block.
The present invention also provides new and improved torch tips. In
one embodiment of the invention, an improved torch tip is provided
which comprises a first gas chamber and a second gas chamber which
supply gases for producing a flame, a first manifold extending into
the first chamber and having a series of axially spaced openings
for distributing gas to the first chamber, and a second manifold
extending into the second chamber and having a series of axially
spaced openings for distributing gas to the second chamber.
Preferably, means are provided for removably plugging any of the
openings of the first and second manifolds to block the flow of gas
through the plugged openings and increase the flow of gas through
remaining unplugged openings. The axially spaced openings of the
manifold preferably are threaded and the means for removably
pulgging any of the openings of the first and second manifolds
comprises threaded plugs which engage the threaded openings.
In another embodiment of the invention a torch tip is provided
which comprises a body, outlet means for supplying flame producing
gases, and a series of gas jet holes in the body and about the
outlet means for creating a sheet of confining gas about the flame
produced by the torch tip. Preferably, this torch tip includes a
first plurality of jet holes about a first side of the outlet means
for producing a first gas sheet and a second plurality of jet holes
about a second side of the outlet means for producing a second gas
sheet. The first and second plurality of jet holes can converge
toward each other as they emerge from the body or can diverge from
each other as they emerge from the body.
The present invention also provides a torch comprising a solid
cylindrical body having a cylindrical side wall and a planar end
wall; a first axially extending gas supply passage having an inner
end which terminates within the body; a second axially extending
gas supply passage having an inner end which terminates within the
body; a plurality of first gas outlet passages which communicate
with the first gas supply passage and have their outer ends formed
in the cylindrical side wall; a plurality of second gas outlet
passages in the form of tubes which communicate with the second gas
supply passage and have their outer ends formed in the cylindrical
side wall adjacent the outer ends of the first gas outlet passages,
with each one of the second gas outlet passages being
concentrically positioned within one of the first gas outlet
passages, and the axes of the first and second gas outlet passages
forming an acute angle with the cylindrical side wall.
The present invention also provides a torch tip comprising a solid
body having a top wall, a bottom wall, a first side wall, an
opposing second side wall, a back wall and a front wall which
slopes downwardly from said top wall away from the back wall; a
first chamber in the body; a second chamber in the body; a
plurality of first gas outlet passages which communicate with the
first chamber and have their outer ends formed in the front wall; a
plurality of second gas outlet passages which communicate with the
second chamber and have their outer ends terminate in the front
wall, with the axes of said first and second gas outlet passages
forming an acute angle with the top wall. This torch tip can
constitute one part of a torch having a first gas supply tube
connected to the first chamber of the torch tip, a second gas
supply tube connected to the second chamber of the torch tip, an
end member having a first passage which receives the first gas
supply tube and a second passage which receives the second gas
supply tube, first and second inlet openings in the end member for
distributing first and second gases to the first and second
passages of the end member, and a handle about the first and second
tubes and connecting the torch tip to the end member.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description
and the following detailed description are exemplary and
explanatory, but are not restrictive of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute
a part of this specification, illustrate examples of preferred
embodiments of the invention, and together with the description,
serve to explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a torch tip having a substantially
rectangular shape and produced in accordance with the method
teachings of this invention.
FIG. 2 is a horizontal section taken along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1
and showing the first chamber of the torch tip of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 3--3 of
FIG. 2 and showing a lateral cross-section of the first and second
chambers of the torch tip.
FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 4--4 of
FIG. 2 and showing a longitudinal cross section of the first and
second chambers of the torch tip.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a torch
tip constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present
invention and having manifolds for distributing incoming gases and
a gas muffle for confining the flame emitted from the torch
tip.
FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 6--6 of
FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing cooling means, a gas muffle,
and manifolds of the torch tip of FIG. 5 with the outline of the
torch tip in phantom line and with other parts of the torch tip
removed for purposes of clarity.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a cylindrical
torch tip constructed in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a horizontal sectional view taken along the line 9--9 of
FIG. 8 and showing a first chamber of the torch tip of FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 is a horizontal sectional view taken along the line 10--10
of FIG. 8 and shows a cooling water passage for the torch tip of
FIG. 8.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of an
annular torch tip constructed in accordance with the teachings of
the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 12--12 of
FIG. 11.
FIG. 13 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 13--13 of
FIG. 11.
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a torch
tip which is particularly designed for polishing the inside surface
of a quartz or glass tube.
FIG. 15 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 15--15 of
FIG. 14.
FIG. 16 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 16--16 of
FIG. 15.
FIG. 17 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 17--17 of
FIG. 15.
FIG. 18 is a side view of an alternate embodiment of a torch tip
constructed in accordance with the method teachings of the present
invention and which is especially useful for polishing the inside
of a quartz or glass tube.
FIG. 19 is a top view of the torch tip shown in FIG. 18.
FIG. 20 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 20--20 of
FIG. 19.
FIG. 21 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 21--21 of
FIG. 19.
FIG. 22 is an end view showing the use of two tips on opposite
sides of a glass or quartz tube, with each tip having an air
muffle.
Referring now to the drawings, there is shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 a
torch tip, generally 10, constructed from a solid metal block 11 in
accordance with the method of the present invention. Torch tip 10
is generally rectangular in shape and has a first longitudinally
extending side 12, an opposing second longitudinally extending side
14, a top wall 16, a bottom wall 18, a first end wall 20 and an
opposing second end wall 22.
In accordance with the method of this invention, a first row of
spaced openings which are separated from each other by metal is
drilled from the first side of block partially through the block.
As here embodied, and as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a first row of
openings, comprising four openings 24, 26, 28 and 30, are drilled
from first side 12 of block 11. Openings 24, 26, 28 and 30, as best
seen in FIG. 2, are parallel to each other and extend perpendicular
to side 12 of block 11. The outer peripheries of openings 24, 26,
28 and 30, are separated from each other by metal areas 13.
Openings 24, 26, 28 and 30 extend from first side 12 partially
through block 11 toward side 14 of the block, and as best seen in
FIG. 2 terminate in pointed inner ends 32 inside block 11.
In accordance with the invention, an overlapping opening is drilled
from the second side of the block between each two adjacent
openings of the first row. Each overlapping opening intersects both
of its two adjacent openings of the first row and is drilled to
extend partially through the block to remove metal between its two
adjacent openings of the first row and thereby form a first chamber
within the block.
As here embodied, and as best seen in FIG. 2, a first set of
openings comprising three overlapping openings 34, 36 and 38 are
drilled into block 11 from side 14 of the block. Opening 34 is
drilled between adjacent openings 24 and 26 of the first row,
opening 36 is drilled between adjacent openings 26 and 28, and
opening 38 is drilled between adjacent openings 28 and 30. Openings
34, 36, and 38 are parallel to each other and to openings 24, 26,
28 and 30 of the first row. The outer peripheries of openings 34,
36 and 38 are separated from each other by metal areas 39.
Openings 34, 36 and 38 extend from second side 14 partially through
the block, and as best seen in FIG. 2 terminate in pointed inner
ends 40 inside block 11. The diameters of openings 34, 36 and 38
are greater than the space between their respective two adjacent
openings of the first row. Thus, as best seen in FIGS. 2 and 4,
opening 34 intersects the outer sides of its adjacent openings 24
and 26, opening 36 intersects the outer sides of its adjacent
openings 26 and 28, and opening 38 intersects the outer sides of
its adjacent openings 28 and 30. Openings 34 and 36 and 38 are
drilled deep enough into block 11 so that they extend between the
inner ends 32 of openings 24, 26, 28 and 30 and side 12 of the
block and remove a portion from each of the corresponding metal
areas 13 between openings 24, 26, 28 and 30 of the first row.
Removal of a portion of each metal area 13 within block 11 enables
each of the openings 24, 26, 28 and 30 to be in fluid communication
with each other through the removed areas and results in the
forming of a first chamber, generally 42.
In accordance with the invention, the outer ends of the drilled
openings of the first row and of each overlapping opening are
sealed to form an enclosed first chamber. As here embodied, and as
best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the outer ends of drilled openings 24,
26, 28 and 30 and of overlapping openings 34, 36 and 38 are
threaded. The openings can be threaded by any conventional means,
such as by a tap. The threaded ends of openings 24, 26, 28 and 30
are sealed by threaded plugs 44 and the threaded ends of openings
34, 36 and 38 similarly are sealed by threaded plugs 46. Once
threaded plugs 44 and 46 are inserted, first chamber 42 is sealed
so that gas cannot escape from the ends of the drilled openings. It
will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the
outer ends of the openings can be closed by other conventional
means, such as, for example solder.
Sealed chamber 42 is substantially rectangular in overall shape and
is parallel to top wall 16. Openings 24, 26, 28 and 30 extend past
the center of block 11 from side 12 and similarly openings 34, 36
and 38 extend past the center of the block from side 14 so that
enclosed chamber 42 occupies a substantial portion of the interior
of the block. Preferably, openings 34, 36 and 38 are the same
length as openings 24, 26, 28 and 30 so that the drilling operation
for forming chamber 42 can be easily performed with only one
setting of drill length.
In accordance with the invention, a second row of spaced openings
which are separated from each other by metal are drilled from one
of the first and second sides of the block partially through the
block. The second row of openings are spaced from the first row of
openings to define a web between the first and second rows. As here
embodied, and as best seen in FIG. 1, a second row of openings
comprising three openings 48, 50 and 52 are drilled in first side
12 of block 11. Openings 48, 50 and 52, as best seen in FIGS. 3 and
4, are parallel to each other and extend perpendicular to side 12
of block 11. The outer peripheries of openings 48, 50 and 52, as
best seen in FIG. 1 are separated from each other by metal areas
53. Openings 48, 50 and 52 extend from first side 12 partially
through block 11 toward side 14 of the block, and as best seen in
FIG. 3 with reference to opening 50 terminate in pointed inner ends
55. Openings 48, 50 and 52 of the second row are spaced below
openings 24, 26, 28 and 30 of the first row to define a web 57
between the first and second rows of openings.
In accordance with the inventions, an overlapping opening is
drilled from the other of the first and second sides of the block
between each two adjacent openings of the second row. Each of these
overlappings intersects both of its two adjacent openings of the
second row and is drilled to extend partially through the block to
remove metal between its two adjacent openings of the second row
and thereby form a second chamber within the block.
As here embodied, and as best seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, a second set
of openings comprising two overlapping openings 54 and 56 are
drilled into block 11 from side 14 of the block. Opening 54 is
drilled between adjacent openings 48 and 50 of the second row, and
opening 56 is drilled between adjacent openings 50 and 52. Openings
54 and 56 are parallel to each other and to openings 48, 50 and 52
of thhe third row. The outer peripheries of openings 54 and 56 are
separated from each other by metal areas (not shown).
Openings 54 and 56 extend from second side 14 partially through
block 11, and as best seen in FIG. 3 terminate on pointed inner
ends 59 inside the block. The diameters of openings 54 and 56 are
greater than the space between their two adjacent openings of the
second row. Thus, as best seen in FIG. 4, opening 54 intersects the
outer sides of its adjacent openings 48 and 50 and opening 56
intersects the outer sides of its adjacent openings 50 and 52.
Openings 54 and 56 are drilled deep enough into block 11 so that
they extend between the inner ends of openings 48, 50 and 52 and
side 12 of the block and remove a portion from each of the
corresponding metal areas 53 between openings 48, 50 and 52.
Removal of a portion of each metal area 53 within block 11 enables
each of the openings 48, 50 and 52 to be in fluid communication
with each other through the removed areas and results in the
forming of a second chamber, generally 58.
In accordance with the invention the outer ends of the drilled
openings of the second row and of each of its corresponding
overlapping openings are sealed to form an enclosed second chamber.
As here embodied, and as best seen in FIG. 3 with reference to
drilled opening 50 and overlapping opening 54, the outer ends of
drilled openings 48, 50 and 52 are threaded and receive plugs 60
and the outer ends of overlapping openings 54 and 56 are threaded
and receive plugs 62. Once threaded plugs 60 and 62 are inserted,
second chamber 58 is sealed so that gas cannot escape from the ends
of the drilled openings. Other means, such as solder, can also be
used to seal the second chamber.
Sealed second chamber 58 is generally rectangular in shape and is
parallel to first chamber 42. Web 57 separates first chamber 42
from second chamber 58. Openings 48, 50 and 52 extend past the
center of block 11 from side 12 and similarly openings 54 and 56
extend past the center of the block from side 14 so that enclosed
chamber 58 occupies a substantial portion of the interior of the
block. Preferably, openings 54 and 56 are the same length as
openings 48, 50 and 52, and all of these openings are equal in
length to the openings of first chamber 42. Second chamber 58 is
aligned with first chamber 42.
As best seen in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, torch tip 10 is provided with an
inlet opening 64 for supplying gas to first chamber 42 and an inlet
opening 66 for supplying gas to second chamber 58. Opening 64 is
drilled perpendicularly through bottom 18 of block 11 to intersect
opening 24 of first chamber 42. Opening 66 is drilled
perpendicularly through bottom wall 18 to intersect opening 52 of
second chamber 58. The outer ends of openings 64 and 66 are
threaded for connection to appropriate gas supply sources.
Although torch tip 10 is here shown with inlet openings 64 and 66
extending through bottom wall 18, an inlet opening for supplying
gas to the first gas chamber 42 can also be provided by leaving one
of the drilled openings 24, 26, 28, 30, 34, 36 and 38 unplugged and
an inlet opening for supply gas to second gas chamber 58 similarly
can be provided by leaving one of the drilled openings 48, 50, 54
and 56 unplugged.
Torch tip 10 is a post mixing type of torch tip where the gases
first chamber 42 and second chamber 58 mix externally of the tip.
Preferably, and as best seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, top wall 16 is a
flame wall and contains a plurality of first gas outlet passages 68
which are in fluid communication with first chamber 42 and a
plurality of second gas outlet passages 70 which are positioned in
fluid communication with second chamber 58. Each of the first gas
outlet passages 68 is in concentric relationship with and surrounds
a respective one of the second gas outlet passages 70. First gas
outlet passages 68 are in the form of holes drilled through top
flame wall 16 into first gas chamber 42. Second gas outlet passages
70 are defined by tubes 72 which extend from second chamber 58
through web 57 into first gas chamber 42 and through gas outlet
passages 68.
Tube receiving holes 74 are drilled through web 57 to permit tubes
72 to be inserted through first chamber 42 into second chamber 58.
Tube receiving holes 74 are preferably threaded, and one end of
each of the tubes 72 is also threaded to engage the threads located
in holes 74. Tubes 72 can thus be selectively located in concentric
relationship with gas outlet passages 68 and can be easily removed
and replaced from the torch tip as necessary.
In operation of the torch tip of FIGS. 1 to 4, a gas from a first
source (not shown) is permitted to enter through inlet opening 64
and pass through first chamber 42. The gas then passes upwardly
within first chamber 42 and through gas outlet passages 68.
Simultaneously with the introduction of gas into inlet opening 64
of a second gas is fed into inlet opening 66. This second gas
passes into and through second chamber 58 and upward through outlet
passages 70.
The gases then mix with one another as they exit from torch tip 10,
and combustion occurs to create the desired heat. Commonly,
hydrogen and oxygen are used as the two gases but other gases such
as propane can also be used. Preferably, the hydrogen is fed into
upper first chamber 42 and oxygen into the lower chamber 58 because
it has been found that this arrangement produces a higher
temperature in the flame.
The method of the present invention permits a torch tip to be
formed from a solid block of material with a minimum number of
parts and machining operations and does away with such procedures
as casting and welding parts together. Torch tips produced in
accordance with the method of the present invention can be formed
to any desired size because it is necessary to increase only the
length of the block and the number of drilled openings in the sides
of the block to produce a longer torch tip. Thus, any length of
torch tip can be provided by using the method of the present
invention, as opposed to prior art techniques where it was
necessary to drill longer holes when longer torch tips were
desired. The method of the present invention uses relatively simple
drilling techniques which require a minimum number of drilling
settings. The gas outlet passages for first and second chambers 42
and 58 can be easily located with respect to the chambers because
the chambers are relatively large in size in comparison to the size
of the torch tip.
The present invention can be used to produce a wide variety of
differently sized and shaped torch tips. FIGS. 5 to 7 illustrate an
embodiment of the invention where a relatively large torch tip 76
is produced from a solid rectangular block of metal approximately
10 inches long, 2 inches wide and 2 inches high.
Torch tip 76 has a first longitudinal side 78, an opposing second
longitudinal side 80, a top wall 82, a bottom wall 84, a first end
wall 86 and a second end wall 88. Torch tip 76 has an upper first
chamber, generally 90, formed in accordance with the method of this
invention by a first row of spaced openings 92 drilled from first
side 78 of block 77 partially through the block and a first set of
overlapping openings 94 drilled from second side 80 between each
two adjacent openings 92. Similarly, a lower second chamber 96 is
formed by a second row of openings 98 drilled from first side 78 of
block 77 partially through the block and a second set of
overlapping openings 100 drilled from second side 80 of the block
between each two adjacent openings 98.
Torch tip 76 contains a plurality of first gas outlet passages 102,
formed as openings in top wall 82, which communicate with first
chamber 90 and a plurality of second gas outlet passages in the
form of tubes 104. Each tube 104 is concentrically positioned
within a first gas outlet passage 102 and communicates with second
chamber 96.
Torch tip 76 is preferably provided with cooling means. As best
seen in FIG. 7, the cooling means includes a water inlet passage
106 which is drilled perpendicularly into bottom wall 84 of block
77 adjacent end wall 86.
Water inlet passage 106 communicates with a first transverse water
passage 108 which is drilled parallel to and adjacent end wall 86
immediately beneath top flame wall 82. First and second
longitudinal passages 110 and 112 are drilled on opposite sides of
the block parallel to each other and intersect first transverse
water passage 108. A second transverse water passage 114 is drilled
parallel to and adjacent end wall 88 immediately beneath top flame
wall 82 and longitudinal passages 110 and 112 intersect this second
transverse water passage. A water outlet passage 116 is drilled
perpendicularly into bottom wall 84 adjacent end wall 88 and
intersects second transverse passage 114. The ends of water
passages 108, 110, 112 and 114 are sealed with suitable plugs 118.
Inlet passage 106 can be connected to a suitable source of cooling
fluid such as water which in operation, and when circulating
through the passages 108 to 114 inclusive, maintains the torch tip
at a comparatively low temperature and prevents the torch tip from
being damaged by the heat of the flame.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention,
manifolds are provided for supplying gas to the first and second
chambers. As here embodied, a first manifold 120 having a
longitudinal axis parallel to the length of side 78 and 80 extends
into first chamber 90 through end wall 88. Manifold 120 has a
fitting 122 which is threaded into end wall 88 and can be connected
to a supply of gas for first chamber 90.
First manifold 120 has a plurality of threaded openings 122a along
its length. Gas supplied to first manifold 120 is distributed into
first chamber 90 through openings 122a along the length of the
manifold so that all areas of first chamber 90 are provided with a
substantially uniform and sufficient flow of gas. If too much gas
is being distributed to one area of first chamber 90, threaded
plugs can be inserted into the threaded openings 122a in that area
to decrease the flow of gas to that area and increase the flow of
gas in other parts of the first chamber.
A second manifold 124 having a longitudinal axis parallel to the
length of sides 78 and 80 extends into second chamber 96 through
end wall 86. Manifold 124 has a fitting 126 which is threaded into
end wall 86 and can be connected to a supply of gas for second
chamber 96. Second manifold 124 has a plurality of threaded
openings 128 along its length. Gas supplied to manifold 124 is
distributed into second chamber 96 through openings 128 along the
length of the manifold so that all areas of the second chamber are
provided with a substantially uniform and sufficient flow of gas.
If too much gas is being distributed to one area of second chamber
96, threaded plugs can be inserted into the threaded openings in
that area to decrease the flow of gas to that area and increase the
flow of gas to other parts of second chamber 96. It is often
difficult to obtain an even distribution of gas to the chambers of
a large torch tip when only a single inlet opening is provided for
each chamber, but the present invention through the use of
manifolds 120 and 124 which extend along the lengths of the chamber
enables the flow pattern of gas to first and second chambers 90 and
96 to be closely controlled and adjusted and provides for a
substantially even distribution to the chambers.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a torch
tip having a body and outlet means for supplying flame producing
gases is provided with a gas muffle in the form of a series of gas
jet holes in the body and about the outlet means for creating a
sheet of confining gas about the flame produced by the torch tip.
As here embodied, and as shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, a first plurality
of gas jet holes 130 are spaced apart along the length of side 78
of block 77 and a second plurality of gas jet holes 132 are spaced
apart along the length of side 80 of the block.
A first jet supply passage 134 is drilled in block 77 adjacent side
78 and parallel to the length of this side immediately below
cooling passage 110. First jet holes 130 intersect and communicate
with first jet supply passage 134. Similarly, a second jet supply
passage 136 is drilled on block 77 adjacent side 80 and parallel to
the length of this side immediately below cooling passage 112.
Second jet holes 132 intersect and communicate with second jet
supply passage 136. As best seen in FIG. 7, a transverse jet
passage 138 is drilled in block 77 adjacent end wall 86 and
connects first jet supply passage 134 with second jet supply
passage 136. The ends of first and second jet supply passages 134
and 136 and transverse jet passage 138 are plugged with suitable
plugs 140. A jet inlet passage 142 is drilled upwardly from bottom
wall 84 adjacent end wall 86 and intersects transverse jet passage
138.
As best seen in FIG. 6 first jet holes 130 and second jet holes 132
are drilled into block 77 at an acute angle of approximately
45.degree. to the surface of top wall 82 where first and second gas
outlet passages 102 and 104 have their outer ends. First jet holes
130 diverge away from second jet holes 132 as the first and second
jet holes emerge upwardly from their respective jet supply passages
134 and 136 to the outside of block 77.
In operation, a source of compressed gas, preferably air, is
connected to jet inlet passage 142 for bringing compressed gas to
the closed first and second jet supply passages 134 and 136. When
using compressed air, the air delivered to first and second jet
supply passage 134 and 136 emerges through first and second jet
holes 130 and 132 at the top of sides 78 and 80 of the torch tip.
The emerged air forms a first stream or sheet of air 141 on side 78
of the tip and a second stream of air 143 on side 80 of the tip.
These streams of air prevent the flame of the torch tip from
extending past the boundaries defined by these air streams. Large
flames produced from torch tips have a tendency to spread beyond
the area defined by the pattern of gas outlet openings for the
flame gases, but by providing an air stream on either side of the
flame, the flame can be confined and controlled to direct its heat
efficiently on the object that is being treated. It will be
apparent that the gas jet holes, such as jet holes 130 and 132 can
be arranged in any desired pattern to confine the flame within that
pattern. For example, gas jet holes can be provided on end walls 86
and 88 as well as on sides 78 and 80 to completely surround the gas
outlet openings 102 and 104 or can be provided only along one side
and one end wall of the block, or only on opposing end walls of the
block.
In a preferred embodiment of the invenetion and as seen in FIG. 22,
a first torch tip 76 is positioned on one side of a quartz or glass
tube 144 and a second torch tip 146 identical to first torch tip 76
is positioned on an opposite side of tube 144 with its top flame
wall 145 facing the top flame wall 82 of torch tip 76. Torch tip
146 has first jet holes 148 on one of its sides and second jet
holes 150 on its opposite side to form a first air stream 152 and a
second air stream 154. First air stream 141 of torch tip 76
intersects second air stream 154 of torch tip 146 and second air
stream 143 of torch tip 76 intersects first air stream 152 of torch
tip 146 to form an enclosed air field about the periphery of tube
144 to maintain the heat of the flames of the two torch tips within
the air field.
An alternate embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and
10 where a torch tip generally 156 is made from a cylindrical metal
block 157. Block 157 includes a flat top end wall 158, a tubular
side wall 160, and a flat bottom end face. A first gas chamber 162
and a second gas chamber 164 are formed in block 157 in accordance
with the method of this invention by drilling a row of equal length
openings on one side of the block and equal length overlapping
openings on the other side of the block. As best seen in FIG. 9,
first chamber 162 is formed by drilling radially extending openings
166, 168, 170, 172 and 174 on one side of the block 157 partially
through and past the center of the block and overlapping openings
176, 178, 180 and 182 on the other side of the block. Openings 166,
168, 170, 172 and 174 are spaced from each other at the outer
periphery of the block 157, but as they extend through the block
they converge and intersect each other at the center of the block
and then diverge from each other so that their inner ends are
spaced from each other. Overlapping opening 176 is drilled between
the inner ends of adjacent openings 166 and 168, overlapping
opening 178 is drilled between the inner ends of adjacent opening
168 and 170, overlapping opening 180 is drilled between the inner
ends of adjacent openings 170 and 172, and overlapping opening 182
is drilled between the inner ends of adjacent openings 172 and 174.
The overlapping openings 176, 178, 180 and 182 preferably have a
diameter which is greater than the space between the inner ends of
the adjacent openings 166, 168, 170, 172 and 174 at the point where
the inner ends begin their taper to a point so that the overlapping
openings remove a substantial portion of the metal between the
inner ends of the openings 166, 168, 170, 172 and 174 and the
center of the block. Overlapping openings 176, 178, 180 and 182
extend through the center of the torch tip and terminate in inner
ends 184 between the front of adjacent openings 166, 168, 170, 172
and 174 to also remove metal therefrom. All of the openings forming
firstt chamber 162 except opening 166 are plugged with plugs 184.
Opening 166 is connected to a source of gas.
Second chamber 164 is similarly formed by drilling radially
extending openings 186, 188, 190, 192 and 194 on one side of the
block partially through the block and overlapping openings from the
other side of the block. All of the openings of second chamber 164
except opening 188 are plugged with plugs 184. Opening 188 is
connected to a source of gas. A plurality of first gas outlet
passage 190 communicate with first chamber 162 and a plurality of
second gas outlet passages in the form of tuges 192 concentrically
positioned within first gas outlet passages 190 communicate with
second chamber 164 to form a flame wall at flat end wall 158 of the
block.
Cooling means are preferably provided adjacent flat end wall 158.
The cooling means comprises a circular passageway generally 194,
best seen in FIG. 10 which is concentric with the circular surface
of side wall 160 of torch tip 156 and surrounds the area defined by
first and second gas outlet passages 190 and 192. Circular
passageway 194 is formed by drilling a firsst plurality of spaced
radially extending openings 196 into a side wall 160 adjacent end
wall 158 and a second plurality of axially extending openings 198
into end wall 158. Each axially extending opening 198 is drilled
between to adjacent radially extending openings 196 and intersects,
overlaps, and removes metal between the two adjacent openings 196.
An axially extending opening 198 is drilled between each two
adjacent radially extending openings 196 except for one pair of
such openings. Each axially extending openings 198 and all but the
one pair of adjacent radially extending openings 196 that do not
have an opening 198 between them are plugged with suitable plugs
200. One of the two adjacent openings 196 that is not plugged is
connected to a source of cooling water, while the other unplugged
opening 196 serves as a water outlet.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, and as
illustrated in FIGS. 11, 12, and 13, an arcuate torch tip 202 is
formed from a solid metal block 203 in accordance with the method
of this invention. Torch tip 202 has two opposing planar ends walls
204 and 206, a top arcuate wall 208, a bottom arcuate wall 210, a
first side wall 212 and an opposing second side wall 214. Torch tip
202 has an upper first chamber, generally 216, formed in accordance
with the method of this invention by a first row of spaced openings
218 drilled from first side wall 212 of block 213 partially through
the block and a first set of overlapping openings 220 (best seen in
FIGS. 12) drilled from second side wall 214 between each two
adjacent openings 218. Similarly, a lower second chamber 222 is
formed by a second row of openings 223 drilled from first side wall
212 of block 203 partially through the block and a second set of
overlapping openings 224 drilled from second side wall 214 of the
block between each two adjacent openings 223.
Torch tip 202 contains a plurality of first gas outlet passages
226, formed as openings in top wall 208, which communicate with
first chamber 216 and a plurality of second gas outlet passages in
the form of tubes 228. Each tube 228 is concentrically positioned
within a first gas outlet passage 226 and communicates with second
chamber 222.
Torch tip 202 is preferably provided with cooling means. As best
seen in FIG. 12, the cooling means includes a first cooling
passageway 230 adjacent the top of side wall 212 and a second
cooling passageway 232 adjacent the top of side wall 214. Each
cooling passageway 230 and 232 is concentric with the curvature of
top wall 208 and extends from end wall 204 to end wall 206. Each
cooling passageway 230 and 232 is formed in a manner similar to the
circular cooling passageway 194 of the cylindrical torch tip 156 of
FIG. 8, 9 and 10. Thus, cooling passageway 230 is formed by
drilling a plurality of axially extending openings 236 in side wall
212 and a plurality of radially extending openings 238 in top wall
208.
Each radially extending opening 238 is drilled between two adjacent
axially extending openings 236 and intersects, overlaps and removes
metal between the two adjacent openings 236. All but two of the
openings 236 and 238 are then plugged. One of the two unplugged
openings serve as a water inlet and the other serves as a water
outlet, with one being adjacent end wall 204 and the other adjacent
end wall 206. Second cooling passageway 232 is formed in a similar
manner by drilling radially extending openings 240 in top wall 208
and axially extending openings 242 in side wall 214.
Torch tip 202 is provided with a gas muffle in the form of a first
plurality of gas jet holes 244 which are spaced apart transversely
across top wall 208 adjacent end wall 204 and a second plurality of
gas jet holes 246 which are spaced apart transversely across top
wall 208 adjacent end wall 206.
A first jet supply passage 248 is drilled in side wall 212
transversely across block 203 adjacent end wall 204 and first jet
holes 244 intersect and communicate with it. Similarly, a second
jet supply passage 250 is drilled in side wall 212 transversely
across block 203 adjacent end wall 206 and second jet holes 246
intersect and communicate with it. First jet holes 244 converge
toward second jet holes 246 as the first and second jet holes
emerge upwardly from their respective jet supply passages 248 and
250 to the outside of block 203.
Jet supply passages 248 and 250 are connected to sources of
compressed air. The air delivered to first and second jet supply
passage 248 and 250 emerges through first and second jet holes 244
and 246 at the opposite ends of top wall 208 and forms converging
air streams at opposite end of the block to prevent the flame of
the torch tip from extending past the boundaries defined by these
air streams.
In a still further embodiment of the invention, and as seen in
FIGS. 14, 15, 16, and 17, a torch 252 is provided which is
especially useful for polishing the inside surfaces of a tube.
Torch 252 comprises a torch tip 254, an end section 256, and a
tubular handle 258 which connects torch tip 254 to end section 256.
Torch tip 254 is cylindrical in shape and comprises a cylindrical
head 260 and a reduced cylindrical base 262. Head 260 includes a
planar outer end wall 264, a cylindrical side wall 266 and a planar
inner wall 268. A flat rectangular area 270 is formed on side wall
266. As best seen in FIGS. 15 and 17, four axially extending
passages 272, 274, 276, and 278 are drilled into base 262 and
extends into and terminate in head 260. Passages 272 and 274 are
gas supply passages and passages 276 and 278 are water cooling
passages. The axes of passages 272 and 274 define a plane passing
through the center of cylindrical head 260 and are thus on a common
diameter "a" of cylindrical head 260 and are equally spaced on
opposite sides of the center of the head. Common diameter "a"
perpendicularly bisects rectangular area 270.
Head 260 of torch tip 254 contains a plurality of first gas outlet
passages 280, formed as openings in side wall 266, which
communicate with passage 272 and a plurality of second gas outlet
passages in the form of tubes 282. Each tube 282 is concentrically
positioned within a first gas outlet passage 280 and communicate
with passage 274. The outer ends of gas outlet passages 280 and
tubes 282 terminate in rectangular area 270. The axes of each first
gas outlet passage 280 and tube 282, as best seen in FIG. 17, are
in a plane parallel to the axial plane defined by the axes of
passages 272 and 274, and as best seen in FIG. 15, forms an acute
angle, preferably 60.degree. with the axes of passages 272 and 274
and with cylindrical side wall 266.
A first gas tube 284 extends into gas passage 284 through handle
258 and into a first axially extending passage (not shown) in end
member 256. A radially extending opening 286 intersects the first
axially extending passage in end member 256 and is connected to a
source (not shown) of a first gas.
A second gas tube 288 extends into gas supply passage 274 through
handle 258 and into a second axially extending passage (not shown).
A radially extending opening (not shown) intersects the second
axially extending passage in end member 256 and is connected to a
source of a second gas. The first and second gases delivered to gas
supply passages 272 and 274, respectively, leave torch tip 254 at
an acute angle to cylindrical side wall 266.
The axes of passages 276 and 278 are on a common diameter "b" of
cylindrical head 260 which is perpendicular to diameter a and are
equally spaced on opposite sides of the center of the head. A water
supply tube 290 extends into passage 276 through handle 258 and
into a third axially extending passage (not shown) in end member
256. A radially extending opening 292 intersects the third axially
extending passage, and is connected to a source of cooling water. A
water outlet tube 294 extends into passage 278 through handle 258
and into a fourth axially extending passage (not shown) in end
member 256. A radially extending opening 296 intersects the fourth
axially extending passage and serves as a water outlet. Water
cooling passages 276 and 278 extend past gas supply passages 272
and 274 in head 260 and are connected to each other adjacent end
wall 264 by a semicircular passage generally 298, as best seen in
FIG. 16. Passage 298 is formed by drilling three spaced apart
axially extending openings 300, 302, and 304, and two radially
extending overlapping openings 306 and 308. Overlapping opening 306
is drilled between and intersects opening 300 and 302, and
overlapping opening 308 is drilled between and intersects openings
302 and 304. The outer ends of openings 300 to 306 inclusive are
then plugged to close and form passage 298.
An alternate embodiment of a torch tip constructed in accordance
with the method of this invention is shown in FIGS. 18 to 21 where
a torch tip 310 is constructed from a solid metal block 312. Torch
tip 310 has a planar top wall 314, a planar bottom wall 316, a
first side wall 318, an opposing second side wall 319, a vertical
back wall 320, and a front wall, generally 322. Front wall 322
includes a first planar angled wall 324 which slopes from top wall
314 downwardly away from back wall 320, at a preferred angle of
135.degree., a short vertical wall 326 connected to the bottom of
wall 324 and a second angled wall 328 which slopes from bottom wall
316 upwardly away from back wall 320 to the bottom of vertical wall
326. Torch tip 310 has an upper first chamber, generally 330,
formed in accordance with the method of this invention by a first
row of sapced openings 332 drilled from first side wall 318
partially through block 312 and a first set of overlapping openings
334 drilled from second side wall 319 between each two adjacent
openings 332. Similarly, a lower second chamber 336 is formed by a
second row of two spaced apart openings 338 and an overlapping
opening 340 drilled from second side wall 319 between openings 338.
The axes of openings 332 and 334 define a plane which is parallel
to the plane of angled wall 324 and the axes of openings 338 and
340 also define a plane which is parallel to the plane of angled
wall 324.
Torch tip 310 contains a plurality of first gas outlet openings
342, formed as openings in angled wall 324, which communicate with
first chamber 330 and a plurality of second gas outlet openings in
the form of tubes 344. Each tube 344 is concentrically positioned
within a first gas outlet passage 342 and communicates with second
chamber 336. The axes of first gas outlet openings 342 and tube 344
are perpendicular to angled front wall 324 so that gas emitted from
first and second chambers 330 and 336 will form an angle with top
wall 314.
A first gas inlet passage 346 is drilled from back wall 320 into
block 312 and communicates with first chamber 330. Similarly a
second gas inlet passage 348 is drilled from back wall 320 into
block 312 and communicates with second chamber 336. First and
second gas tubes 350 and 352 extend into first and second gas inlet
passages 345 and 348, respectively, through a handle 354 which is
connected to an end member (not shown) similar to end member 256 of
FIG. 14.
As best seen in FIG. 19, torch tip 310 also contains a cooling
means in the form of a first cooling passage 356, adjacent side
wall 319, a second cooling passage 358 adjacent side wall 318 and a
transverse cooling passage 360 which connects the first and second
cooling passages adjacent vertical wall 326. A water inlet tube 362
is connected to first cooling passage 356 through handle 354 and a
water outlet tube (not shown) is connected to second cooling
passage 358.
The torch tip of FIGS. 14 to 17 and of FIGS. 18 to 21 are
especially useful for fire polishing the inside surfaces of quartz
or glass tubes because the flame emitted from these torch tips is
at an acute angle to the longitudinal axes of the torch tips. For a
given diameter tube, the angular emission of a flamge permits a
longer flame to be formed before it engages the quartz or glass
tube than would otherwise be formed from a torch tip of similar
size, but when the flame is emitted perpendicular to the axis of
the tube. The extra length of flame permits the hot point of a
longer and therefore higher temperature flame to be concentrated on
the quartz or glass tube and results in a better heating of the
tube. In the embodiment of FIGS. 18 to 21, the length of flame that
can be emitted in a tube of a given diameter is still greater than
that obtainable from torch tip 254 because the flame not only is at
an angle to the axis off the tube but is formed from a point closer
to the center of the tube.
The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific
details shown and described and departures may be made from such
details without departing from the principles of the invention and
without sacrificing its chief advantages.
* * * * *