U.S. patent number 3,876,119 [Application Number 05/335,830] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-08 for inverting liner pressurized tank.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Lee Roy Denham, Jack L. Spradling. Invention is credited to James E. Lamkin.
United States Patent |
3,876,119 |
Lamkin |
April 8, 1975 |
Inverting liner pressurized tank
Abstract
This disclosure describes a tank for holding water or other
liquid under a selected range of pressure. It comprises a tank with
a top opening and means to close and seal the top, with conduit
means penetrating the top for the entry and discharge of liquid
from the tank. The tank is lined with an impervious flexible
cylindrical liner which is closed at the bottom and open at the top
and is fastened by sealing over the top opening of the tank. Air or
other gas is injected into the tank below the inverting liner so
that the liquid is maintained at a pressure equal to that of the
gas below the liner. The liner is of larger diameter than the tank,
and is held in intimate contact with the tank by the internal
pressure of the liquid inside the liner when in the extended
position and by the gas pressure when the liner is in the inverted
position. In one version a condensible gas such as Freon, of a
selected composition is injected into the tank below the level of
the liner instead of air or other noncondensible gas. Freon, being
a gas condensible at ambient temperatures, can provide a pressure
which is substantially constant depending on the temperature, and
can vary in volume in accordance with the space provided below the
water.
Inventors: |
Lamkin; James E. (Tulsa,
OK) |
Assignee: |
Denham; Lee Roy (Tulsa, OK)
Spradling; Jack L. (Bixby, OK)
|
Family
ID: |
23313399 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/335,830 |
Filed: |
February 26, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/386.5;
222/389 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
88/62 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
88/62 (20060101); B65D 88/00 (20060101); B67d
005/54 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/94,95,386,386.5,387,388,394,389,395 ;61/.5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Reeves; Robert B.
Assistant Examiner: Martin; Larry H.
Claims
What is claimed:
1. An inverting liner pressurized liquid tank comprising:
a. a pressure tight tank open at the top and closure means to close
said opening, an inner wall inside said tank sealed to said tank at
its top edge and providing an annular space between said inner wall
and said tank;
b. a tubular flexible, compressible, impermeable inverting liner
closed off with a transverse wall at the bottom, and open at the
top, adapted while subjected to internal pressure to snugly fit
against the inside surface of said tank and said inner wall, the
open top of said liner sealed around said top opening of said
tank;
c. conduit means through said closure means for admitting a flow of
water into and out of said liner; and
d. means to inject a condensible gas, of a selected pressure versus
temperature relation, to provide a selected pressure range over a
selected temperature range, into said tank below the bottom of said
liner.
2. The tank as in claim 1 in which said condensible gas if
Freon.
3. The tank as in claim 2 in which said Freon is Freon 12
intermixed with Freon 21.
4. The tank as in claim 2 in which said Freon is Freon 12
intermixed with Freon 22.
5. The tank as in claim 1 in which the diameter of said liner is
approximately 10 percent greater than the internal diameter of said
tank and said wall whereby under internal pressure said liner will
be compressed and will be supported from collapsing.
6. The tank as in claim 1 in which said liner is of a thickness in
the range of 0.030 inches to 0.060 inches.
7. The tank as in claim 1 in which said liner is made of rubber
like material.
8. The tank as in claim 1 in which said liner is made of
acrylonitrile rubber.
9. An inverting liner pressurized liquid tank comprising:
a. a pressure tight tank open at the top and closure means to close
said opening, an inner wall inside said tank sealed to said tank at
its top edge and providing an annular space between said inner wall
and said tank;
b. a tubular, flexible, compressible, impermeable inverting liner
closed off with a transverse wall at the bottom, and open at the
top, the diameter of said liner larger in diameter than said tank,
and adapted while subjected to internal pressure to snugly fit
against the inside surface of said tank and said inner wall, the
open top of said liner sealed around said top opening of said
tank;
c. conduit means through said closure means for admitting a flow of
liquid into and out of said liner; and
d. means to inject a selected gas, of a selected pressure versus
temperature relation, to provide a selected pressure range over a
selected temperature range, into said tank below the bottom of said
liner.
10. The tank as in claim 9 in which the diameter of said liner is
approximately 10 percent greater than the internal diameter of said
tank and said wall, whereby under internal pressure said liner will
be compressed and will be supported from collapsing.
11. The tank as in claim 9 in which said selected gas is a
noncondensible gas.
12. The tank as in claim 9 in which said selected gas is a mixture
of selected proportion of two compatible condensible gases each
having a different pressure versus temperature relation such that
the binary mixture of the selected components will have the desired
pressure versus temperature relation.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention lies in the field of pressurized water or other
liquid storage tanks. More particularly it is concerned with
pressurized water tanks which include a flexible impervious liner
inside of the water tank so that the water is maintained in contact
with the liner, and out of contact with the shell of the tank. The
water is also separated from the gas.
An improved embodiment of this invention utilizes a gas condensible
at ambient temperatures instead of a noncondensible gas, so that
there is a lesser range in pressure as the gas is compressed and
therefore the water can occupy an increasingly large part of the
internal volume of the tank.
In the prior art there has been shown pressurized water storage
tanks in which the water is separated from a pressurized gas by a
flexible diaphragm, or by containment of the water in a loose bag
resting on bottom. In the use of air, for example, or other type of
permanent gas, as the volume of water increases on one side of the
diaphragm the volume of gas on the other side decreases and the
pressure in the gas can rise rapidly providing a restriction to the
further increase in volume of water. Thus, when the tank is almost
empty of water the permanent gas provides an unsatisfactorily low
pressure, when the tank is almost filled with water the permanent
gas provides too high a pressure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention varies from the prior art in the use of a liner
diaphragm of thin flexible material which is larger in diameter
than the tank, so that while under internal pressure it is
constricted by the tank walls to retain the liner diaphragm in
place, preventing collapse, and allowing a controlled inverting
action. Thus, it is possible to place the tank in any position with
water located either at the top or the bottom of the tank. The use
of a thin membrane is economical as compared to one thick enough to
be self-supporting.
This invention also varies from the prior art in the use of a
condensible gas, such as Freon, in place of the permanent gas, so
that as the tank becomes filled with water and the gas space
becomes smaller and smaller, as the pressure in the gas increases,
it will condense and still maintain a suitable back pressure
against the water. Thus it is possible to utilize a far greater
fraction of the volume of the tank for water, when a condensible
gas is used, than when a permanent gas is used. Thus a smaller size
of tank can store an equal volume of water when used with a
condensible gas than can be stored in a much larger tank when
pressurized with a permanent gas.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of this invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates the use of the pressurized tank of this
invention.
FIG. 3 illustrates an improved version of the water storage
tank.
FIG. 4 shows a detail of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 shows a characteristic of Freon as one of the many
condensible gases that might be used in the apparatus of this
invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings and in particular to FIG. 1 there is
shown a pressurized water tank of this invention indicated
generally by the numeral 10. This is a closed, sealed cylindrical
tank having a cylindrical side wall 20 and top 18 and bottom 22.
There is a large opening at the top which as shown in FIG. 4 can be
sealed with a cover plate 34 through which a pipe 70 passes so that
liquid can be introduced into and withdrawn from the inside of the
tank.
The tank is normally buried in the earth and may rest upon a
foundation 26 for example. Cylindrical tubular means 40 are
provided to protect the top of the tank from the caving of earth.
This tubular portion 40 may be covered with a plate 42 at the
surface 12 of the earth 14. A valve means 32 is provided through
which the tank can be pressurized with a condensible gas prior to
its burial inside of the earth.
In FIG. 2 is shown one way in which this pressurized tank can be
used. It shows the tank submerged in the earth. A cover plate 34
has a pipe connected to the tee 38 which passes through the cover
plate 34 into the tank. A horizontal line 36 leads to a pump 44
with motor 46 which draws water in through a vertical pipe 48 in
accordance with the arrow 50 or it may draw water in from a
horizontal pipe 52 leading to a distant source of water, the water
moving in the direction of the arrow 54. The pump pulling in the
water from means 48 or 52 discharges it horizontally through line
36 into the tank from which it can be drawn back to the tee 38 and
go in either direction of the pipes 36 or 37 to serve users of the
water.
FIG. 3 shows in more detail the construction of the tank in cross
section. There is a flexible tubular liner 26 which is of a
diameter slightly greater than the inner diameter of the tank. It
is closed off on the bottom by a transverse sheet 27.
By reference to FIG. 4 it is seen that the liner 26 snugly fits the
upper portion of the tank and passes through the opening 62 and is
spread out as a gasket 64 to seal the cover plate 34, which is held
down by means of bolts 66.
There is an inner wall 58 which is closely spaced 60 from the
cylindrical wall of the tank 10. This inner wall is welded to the
top of the tank at point 61. The annular space 60 is connected with
the space below the diaphragm or liner, indicated by numeral 28,
which is the space into which the Freon is injected through valve
32. The purpose of the inner wall and the space 60 is to provide a
large area of contact between the Freon inside the tank, and the
earth outside the tank, so that the Freon will have a good heat
transfer path to derive heat from the earth in order to evaporate,
and increase its volume as the pressure drops, and vice versa, to
give off heat to the earth as the pressure is increased and its
volume decreases.
The cylindrical wall 26 of the liner is of a diameter which is
approximately 10 percent greater than the inner diameter of the
tank or of the inner wall 58. This greater diameter is provided so
that when the tank is filled with water there is an internal
pressure forcing the liner against the outer wall. The liner will
be compressed and therefore will have a tendency to cling to the
wall, and not collapse, as the pressure is reduced. This feature
permits using a much thinner liner than would otherwise be
necessary if the liner was to be supported by its own thickness and
stiffness. The liners that can be used in this invention can be as
thin as 0.030 inches up to 0.060 inches for tanks four to seven
feet in diameter, and propertionately less for tanks of lesser
diameter, with a consequent saving in material of the liner. The
liner can be made of any rubber-like material that is elastic and
compressible. A preferred material is acrylonitrile rubber.
The liner is installed in the tank in a fully inverted position and
the tank is then charged by inserting air or other gas below the
liner. Once the tank is charged with gas the liner can only be
extended by liquid forced into the liner. This is because a liquid
is required to lubricate and separate the surfaces of the inverted
liner which are in intimate contact due to the inverting of the
liner and the compression of the liner within the tank walls.
In FIG. 4 is shown in some detail the pipes 36 and 37 leading to
the tee 38 with an entry pipe 70 going through the cover plate 34
to a terminal arrangement 72. This is an inverted feature attached
to the bottom surface of the top plate, with a plurality of very
narrow slots through which water can flow into and out of the tank.
By making these slots narrow the pressure of the gas against the
bottom of the liner cannot force it into the openings 70 and
therefore there is no danger of perforating the liner, which would
be the case if these openings were on the bottom face of the cup 72
for example, and particularly if they were of substantial
width.
While this invention can be used with various types of condensible
gases for a number of reasons it has been found that Freon is a
desirable gas for this purpose. In particular, mixtures of Freon 12
and Freon 21 provide a satisfactory characteristic of pressure, at
the temperature range that might be encountered in the earth at the
depth of burial of the tank. In FIG. 5 there is shown a
characteristic diagram of the mixture of Freon 12 and Freon 21. The
horizontal axis gives the Mol percent Freon 12 in the mixture of
Freon 12 and Freon 21. The pressure is shown on the ordinate.
Examining the curve 76 labelled liquid, it is seen that if a
pressure of 70 pounds per square is desired, a horizontal line 80
is drawn from the ordinate at point 84 corresponding to 70 psi to
the liquid line, and then vertically as line 82 down through to
bottom line at point 86. This indicates a Mol percent of Freon 12
of approximately 47 percent to obtain a mixture which would provide
a pressure of 70 psi when all of the mixture is condensed and 58
psi when all the mixture is vaporized, at a temperature of
approximately 74.degree. F.
Similar diagrams can be drawn for other gas mixtures such as Freon
12 with Freon 22, for example. These gases are well known in
industry and are available on the market. Their pressure versus
temperature characteristics are well known. For the curves shown in
FIG. 5 the relationship of pressure to Mol percent for the liquid
and the gas are given more precisely by the following equations:
##EQU1## Where P.sub.v and P.sub.L are the corresponding vapor and
liquid pressures, and the Mol percent is of Freon 12 in a mixture
with Freon 21.
These relationships are well known, and a mixture can be easily
designed for use in the apparatus of this invention covering any
pressure and temperature range desired.
In FIG. 3 the inverted portion of the liner 27 is shown of lesser
diameter than the portion 26. This is only for purposes of
illustration, and in actual operation the gas pressure inside the
inverted portion will force the walls outwardly into intimate
contact with the portion 26 of the liner. The water or other liquid
inside the liner will provide lubrication for the portions sliding
against each other.
While the invention has been described with a certain degree of
particularity it is manifest that many changes may be made in the
details of construction and the arrangement of components. It is
understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific
embodiments set forth herein by way of exemplifying the invention,
but the invention is to be limited only by the scope of the
attached claim or claims, including the full range of equivalency
to which each element or step thereof is entitled.
* * * * *