U.S. patent number 3,876,100 [Application Number 05/428,320] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-08 for rotator for lift truck attachments.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Brudi Equipment Inc.. Invention is credited to Ronald A. Brudi, Randall W. Matthewson.
United States Patent |
3,876,100 |
Brudi , et al. |
April 8, 1975 |
Rotator for lift truck attachments
Abstract
A device adapted to be attached to the carriage of a lift truck
for rotating a load handling attachment about an axis perpendicular
to the front face of the carriage. The device has an exceptionally
short dimension in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation so
as to maximize the load-carrying capacity of the truck. Rotation is
produced by engagement between an inner gear with a fixed axis of
rotation and external teeth and an outer gear of greater diameter
having a larger number of internal teeth. The outer gear is
selectively driven in a gyratory eccentric path about the inner
gear, thereby rotating the inner gear and thus the attachment
through a substantial gear reduction.
Inventors: |
Brudi; Ronald A. (Longview,
WA), Matthewson; Randall W. (Longview, WA) |
Assignee: |
Brudi Equipment Inc. (Longview,
WA)
|
Family
ID: |
23698390 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/428,320 |
Filed: |
December 26, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
414/620; 414/642;
414/641; 475/162; 475/178 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B66F
9/125 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B66F
9/12 (20060101); B66f 009/18 (); F16h 001/32 () |
Field of
Search: |
;74/804,805
;214/652,71Q |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Scott; Samuel
Assistant Examiner: Reep; John
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Chernoff & Vilhauer
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a lift truck having a lifting apparatus at its front end for
raising and lowering a load vertically and a load handling
attachment for engaging said load to be lifted, a device for
rotating said load handling attachment about an axis longitudinal
of said lift truck, said device comprising:
a. a frame mounted on the lifting apparatus of said lift truck
forwardly thereof between said lifting apparatus and said load
handling attachment;
b. an inner gear having external teeth and front and rear faces
positioned forwardly of said frame between said frame and said load
handling attachment and rotatable about said axis;
c. means for mounting said load handling attachment to the front
face of said inner gear so as to be supported thereby;
d. means rotatably mounting said inner gear to said frame from the
rear side of said gear for permitting the mounting of said load
handling attachment to the front face of said inner gear;
e. an outer gear, with internal teeth adapted to engage said
external teeth, movably mounted on said frame between said frame
and said load handling attachment in surrounding relation to said
inner gear, said outer gear having a greater number of teeth than
said inner gear;
f. eccentric means for mounting said outer gear to said frame so as
to permit said outer gear to oscillate in a gyratory eccentric path
about said inner gear; and
g. power means for oscillating said outer gear in said gyratory
eccentric path.
2. The device of claim 1 including a plurality of eccentric pivots
for attaching said outer gear at multiple locations to said
frame.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein said power means comprises motor
means mounted to said frame and coupled with said eccentric means
for driving said eccentric means and thereby oscillating said outer
gear.
4. The device of claim 3 wherein said motor means is mounted
laterally outward from the side of said lifting apparatus in a
position extending rearwardly from said frame along the side of
said lifting apparatus.
5. In a lift truck having a lifting apparatus at its front end for
raising and lowering a load vertically and a load handling
attachment for engaging the load to be lifted, a device for
rotating said load handling attachment about an axis longitudinal
of said truck, said device comprising:
a. a frame mounted on the lifting apparatus of said lift truck
forwardly thereof between said lifting apparatus and said load
handling attachment;
b. an inner gear movably mounted on said frame forwardly thereof
between said frame and said load handling attachment and having
external teeth and front and rear faces;
c. an outer gear, having internal teeth adapted to engage said
external teeth and having front and rear faces, movably mounted on
said frame forwardly thereof between said frame and said load
handling attachment in surrounding relation to said inner gear,
said outer gear having a greater number of teeth than said inner
gear;
d. means for mounting said load handling attachment to the front
face of a first one of said gears so as to be supported
thereby;
e. pivot means for mounting said first one of said gears to said
frame so as to permit it to turn about said axis, said pivot means
supporting said first gear from the rear side thereof for
permitting the mounting of said load handling attachment to the
front face of said first gear;
f. eccentric means for mounting the second one of said gears to
said frame forwardly of said frame so as to permit it to oscillate
in a gyratory eccentric path about said axis; and
g. power means for oscillating said eccentrically mounted second
gear in said gyratory eccentric path.
6. The device of claim 5 including a plurality of eccentric pivots
for attaching said second gear at multiple locations to said
frame.
7. The device of claim 5 wherein said power means comprises motor
means mounted to said frame and coupled with said eccentric means
for driving said eccentric means and thereby oscillating said
second gear.
8. The device of claim 2 including at least three of said eccentric
pivots for constraining the movement of said outer gear to a
predetermined eccentric path.
9. The device of claim 1 wherein said eccentric means include means
mounting said outer gear to said frame from the rear side of said
outer gear for preventing interference with the mounting of said
load handling attachment to the front face of said inner gear.
10. The device of claim 1 wherein said inner gear includes a tooth
portion and a cover plate portion, said tooth portion being mounted
between said frame and said cover plate portion and said load
handling attachment being mounted to said cover plate portion, said
cover plate portion being of sufficient size to overlap said
internal teeth of said outer gear.
11. The device of claim 6 including at least three of said
eccentric pivots for constraining the movement of said second gear
to a predetermined eccentric path.
12. The device of claim 5 wherein said eccentric means includes
means mounting said second gear to said frame from the rear side of
said second gear for preventing interference with the mounting of
said load handling attachment to the front face of said first
gear.
13. The device of claim 5 wherein said first gear includes a tooth
portion and a cover plate portion, said tooth portion being mounted
between said frame and said cover plate portion, and said load
handling attachment being mounted to said cover plate portion, said
cover plate portion being of sufficient size to overlap said teeth
of said second gear.
14. The device of claim 7 wherein said motor means is mounted
laterally outward from the side of said lifting apparatus in a
position extending rearwardly from said frame along the side of
said lifting apparatus.
15. A device adapted for use on a lift truck for rotating a load
handling attachment about an axis longitudinal of said lift truck,
said device comprising:
a. a frame adapted to be mounted on the lifting apparatus of said
lift truck;
b. an inner gear with external teeth rotatably mounted on said
frame so as to turn about said axis;
c. means for mounting said load handling attachment to said inner
gear;
d. an outer gear, with internal teeth adapted to engage said
external teeth, mounted on said frame in surrounding relation to
said inner gear, said outer gear having a greater number of teeth
than said inner gear;
e. eccentric means for mounting said outer gear to said frame so as
to permit said outer gear to oscillate in a gyratory eccentric path
about said inner gear;
f. hydraulic cylinder means attached between said outer gear and
said frame for oscillating said outer gear in said gyratory
eccentric path; and
g. hydraulic valve means coupled to said cylinder means for
automatically controlling the flow of pressurized hydraulic fluid
to said cylinder means in response to the position of said outer
gear.
16. A device adapted for use on a lift truck for rotating a load
handling attachment about an axis longitudinal of said lift truck,
said device comprising:
a. a frame adapted to be mounted on the lifting apparatus of said
lift truck;
b. an inner gear with external teeth rotatably mounted on said
frame so as to turn about said axis;
c. means for mounting said load handling attachment to said inner
gear;
d. an outer gear, with internal teeth adapted to engage said
external teeth, mounted on said frame in surrounding relation to
said inner gear, said outer gear having a greater number of teeth
than said inner gear;
e. eccentric means for mounting said outer gear to said frame so as
to permit said outer gear to oscillate in a gyratory eccentric path
about said inner gear; and
f. a plurality of hydraulic cylinders each attached at one end to
said outer gear and at the other end to said frame for oscillating
said outer gear in said gyratory eccentric path, at least two of
said cylinders being attached so as to exert their respective
forces on said outer gear at an angle to one another.
17. A device adapted for use on a lift truck for rotating a load
handling attachment about an axis longitudinal of said lift truck,
said device comprising:
a. a frame adapted to be mounted on the lifting apparatus of said
lift truck;
b. an inner gear movably mounted on said frame and having external
teeth;
c. an outer gear, with internal teeth adapted to engage said
external teeth, movably mounted on said frame in surrounding
relation to said inner gear, said outer gear having a greater
number of teeth than said inner gear;
d. means for mounting a first one of said gears to said frame so as
to permit it to turn about said axis;
e. eccentric means for mounting the second one of said gears to
said frame so as to permit it to oscillate in a gyratory eccentric
path about said axis;
f. hydraulic cylinder means attached between said second gear and
said frame for oscillating said second gear in said gyratory
eccentric path;
g. hydraulic valve means coupled to said cylinder means for
automatically controlling the flow of pressurized hydraulic fluid
to said cylinder means in response to the position of said second
gear; and
h. means for mounting said load handling attachment to said first
gear.
18. The device of claim 16 including hydraulic valve means coupled
to said cylinders for automatically sequentially controlling the
flow of pressurized hydraulic fluid to said cylinders in response
to the position of said outer gear, said valve means including
means for detecting the position of said outer gear.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to devices for producing rotary motion, and
particularly to devices adapted to be mounted on the carriage of a
lift truck for rotating a load handling attachment about an axis
extending perpendicular to the carriage and longitudinal of the
truck.
In the use of lift trucks it is frequently desirable to rotate a
clamp or other load handling attachment about an axis perpendicular
to the front face of the lift carriage in order to tilt or turn a
load held by the attachment. At the same time it is important that
the moment which tends to raise the back of the lift truck off the
ground as a result of engaging the load be minimized. Accordingly
it is desirable that the device for producing rotary motion have a
minimal dimension along its axis of rotation so as to minimize the
effective lever arm of the load.
In the past, devices for producing rotary motion at the front of a
lift truck have utilized primarily a worm and gear arrangement, the
gear being on the axis of rotation and the worm being actuated by a
hydraulic motor. However such an arrangement does not sufficiently
minimize the aforementioned axial dimension and the resultant load
moment, and therefore causes an excessive reduction in the load
carrying capacity of the truck. In addition, such arrangement
features relatively small gear teeth to achieve the required gear
reduction. Such teeth have not proven to be particularly durable
under the shock loading and cycling conditions typical of lift
truck operations.
A peculiar eccentric gyratory gear drive, sometimes referred to as
a "nutating gear assembly," has been known in the past and utilized
for certain limited purposes as suggested, for example, by Gilman
U.S. Pat. No. 1,566,395 which discloses the gear drive in a
drilling machine. While the fundamental principle of such eccentric
gear drive is known, its special advantages in lift truck
applications have not heretofore been recognized.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention overcomes the aforementioned problem of
minimizing the load moment chiefly by utilizing space in the
lateral dimension rather than the axial dimension to produce the
desired rotation. The rotator device, which is adapted to be
mounted on the face of a lift truck carriage, utilizes the
aforementioned eccentric gear drive which features an inner gear
with external teeth turning on the axis of rotation of the device
engaged in a surrounding manner by an outer gear of greater
diameter with internal teeth. The outer gear, supported by
eccentric pivots at multiple locations, does not rotate but is
driven in a gyratory eccentric path about the inner gear by means
of hydraulic cylinders or motors. For each complete gyratory cycle
of the outer gear, the inner gear rotates through an angular
distance representing the number of teeth difference between the
outer gear and the inner gear. Since the gears require much lateral
but very little axial space, the moment arm defined by the
longitudinal distance from the front axle of the lift truck to the
center of gravity of the load is minimized. Moreover the eccentric
gyratory gear arrangement is characterized by a relatively small
number of very large gear teeth, as opposed to a large number of
small teeth normally required in previous rotators to obtain the
desired gear reduction, and accordingly the durability of the large
teeth is very great.
It is therefore a principal objective of the present invention to
provide a novel and improved device adapted to be mounted on a lift
truck for rotating load handling attachments, such device having a
smaller dimension along the axis of rotation than has heretofore
been practical with other rotators and having a greater degree of
durability.
The foregoing and other objectives, features and advantages of the
present invention will be more readily understood upon
consideration of the following detailed description of the
invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of one embodiment of the lift truck rotation
device shown mounted on a lift truck.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged front view of the rotation device taken along
line 2--2 of FIG. 1, with certain elements removed for clarity.
FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of the rotation device taken along
line 3--3 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a detail sectional view of the eccentric pivots taken
along line 4--4 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a schematic fluid power diagram of the drive mechanism of
one embodiment of the rotation device.
FIG. 6 is a front view of an alterantive embodiment of the rotation
device with certain elements removed for clarity.
FIG. 7 is a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 6.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1, the rotation device 10 is attached by top and
bottom hooks 12 and 14 to a pair of attachment bars 16 such as
those of a standard dimension established by the Industrial Truck
Association (hereinafter referred to as "ITA bars") mounted on the
carriage 18 of a lift truck 20. Load handling attachments such as
clamps and the like can be attached by any suitable means, such as
bolts, to the front of the inner gear of the rotation device and be
rotated about an axis 24 which is perpendicular to the front face
of the lift truck carriage 18. Both the rotation device and the
attachment mounted to it may be selectively raised and lowered by
the lift truck carriage.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the rotation device comprises an inner
gear 26 having external teeth 28 rotatably mounted on a hub 30
fixed to a frame 40. The center of the hub 30 is on the axis of
rotation 24 of the device and has a hole 31 formed therein for
permitting the installation of hydraulic couplings which may be
necessary to power the load handling assembly. Rotational friction
is reduced by a bearing 32 or bushing of any suitable design. The
external teeth 28 of the inner gear are engaged by the internal
teeth 34 of a surrounding outer gear 36 which is mounted to the
frame 40 by four eccentric pivots 42. The pivots 42 permit the
center of the outer gear to oscillate about the axis of rotation 24
in a gyratory path which is eccentric to the axis of rotation
24.
A cover plate 44 with a grooved perimeter 46 is attached to the
inner gear 26 by a plurality of bolts 48. The outside diameter of
the cover plate is great enough that it partially covers the outer
gear 36 in a sandwich-like arrangement illustrated in FIG. 3. A top
retainer 50 which rides in the grooved perimeter of the cover plate
44 is attached to the top of the frame 40 by a plurality of bolts
52. A bottom retainer 54 also rides in the grooved perimeter of the
cover plate and is attached to the bottom of the frame 40 by a
plurality of bolts 56. These two retainers serve to prevent forward
axial movement of both the inner and outer gears, but are optional
if a bearing 32 of the type capable of resisting axial movement
such as a ball bearing is used. A pair of ITA bars 22 may be bolted
to the front of the cover plate 44 for accepting a load handling
attachment, or alternatively the attachment may be bolted directly
to sockets such as 57 provided in the cover plate 44.
Each of the four eccentric pivots 42, illustrated in detail in FIG.
4, comprises a shoulder 58 having a concentric journal 60 mounted
in frame 40 and an eccentric journal 62 mounted in the outer gear
36. The shoulder rides in a recess 64 of frame 40. Conventional
bearings (not shown) are preferably used in conjunction with the
journals 60, 62.
The drive mechanism, shown most clearly in FIGS. 2 and 5, features
four double-acting hydraulic cylinders 66, 68, 70 and 72. However,
as will be readily understood from the following description, as
few as two double-acting hydraulic cylinders would be sufficient.
Moreover, hydraulic motors rather than cylinders might be used as
explained hereafter with respect to the alternative embodiment.
Each of the four cylinders 66 through 72 is mounted to the frame 40
by a respective pivot 74. In order to reduce the axial dimension of
the rotating device, the frame 40 has four cut-outs 76 which are
positioned so that the cylinders can project rearwardly partially
into the spaces provided by the cut-outs. Each piston rod 78 of the
four cylinders is connected to the outer gear 36 by a respective
pivot 80. Cylinders 66 and 70 exert vertical force on the outer
gear 36 and cylinders 68 and 72 exert horizontal force.
A vertical force control valve 82 is mounted to the frame 40
adjacent the cylinder 66. The spool 84 of the valve 82 is pivotally
connected by a link 86 to the housing of the cylinder 66 so that
the valve 82 will be controlled by the position of the cylinder 66
as it pivots about point 74. A horizontal force control valve 88 is
similarly mounted to the frame 40 adjacent cylinder 68 with its
spool 90 pivotally connected by link 92 to the housing of the
cylinder so that the valve 88 is controlled by the pivotal position
of cylinder 68. The vertical force control valve 82 directs
hydraulic fluid to the cylinders 66 and 70 while the horizontal
force control valve 88 directs hydraulic fluid to cylinders 68 and
72.
Referring primarily to FIG. 5, the four cylinders 66 through 72 and
the control valves 82 and 88 are all shown in an arbitrary starting
position at which point the outer gear 36 is horizontally centered
but at the bottom of its vertical movement. When the operator's
manual rotator control valve 94 is actuated to the left in FIG. 5
so as to cause rotation in a given direction, the lift truck pump
96 forces hydraulic fluid through line 98. The fluid passes through
control valve 88 into a line 94 which conducts fluid to the primary
side 100 of the cylinder 68 (referring to the side of the piston
having the greatest surface area) and to the secondary side 102 of
cylinder 72. This causes counterclockwise gyration of the outer
gear 36 and force fluid out of the secondary side of the cylinder
68 and the primary side of the cylinder 72 into a line 104, through
the control valve 88, and through line 106 back to the sump
108.
As the outer gear 36 gyrates counterclockwise, the motion
mechanically pivots cylinder 66 and moves the spool of control
valve 82 toward the right. This permits fluid from the line 98 to
enter the secondary side of the cylinder 66 and the primary side of
the cylinder 70 while fluid leaves the primary side of the cylinder
66 and the secondary side of cylinder 70 returning to the sump 108.
This action causes the piston rods of cylinders 66 and 70 to aid in
gyrating the outer gear 36 counterclockwise. The continuing
movement of the outer gear pivots the cylinder 68 upwardly, and
likewise the spool of the control valve 88 which tends to center
and then subsequently reverse the valve 88. Once the outer gear
passes the halfway point of its upward vertical movement, valve 88
is reversed causing pressurized hydraulic fluid to enter through
line 104 and exit through line 94 to sump, causing cylinders 68 and
72 to continue to aid the counterclockwise gyratory motion of the
outer gear 36. Similarly, the continued motion pivots the cylinder
66 and the spool of the control valve 82 to the left, tending to
center and subsequently reverse the control valve 82.
This sequential process continues repeatably causing each of the
four cylinders to reciprocate, the vertical pair being 90.degree.
out of phase with the horizontal pair. The outer gear 36 moves in a
circular gyratory path about the inner gear 26 while each of the
four pivots 80 connecting the piston rods 78 to the outer gear
similarly travels in a circular pivot path 110. The circular paths
of the pivots 80 cause cylinder 66 to oscillate left and right and
cylinder 68 to oscillate up and down, thereby permitting the valves
to detect, through links 86 and 92 the position of the outer gear
and to automatically synchronize the flow of fluid to the cylinders
in response to such position. The spools of the respective control
valves have small fluid paths 120, 121 which permit some flow of
fluid between the sides of the cylinders while the valves are in
their transient center positions so as to prevent any
pressure-locking of the cylinders. The direction of rotation of the
outer gear and thus the device may be reversed by manually
actuating the operator valve 94 in the opposite direction.
When the manual valve 94 is placed in its center (off) position,
the outer gear 36 is locked into position since fluid cannot flow
from one cylinder to another in response to the application of an
external force, such as an unbalanced load. For example, in FIG. 5,
the pistons of the vertical cylinders 66 and 70 alone could
conceivably move since fluid could flow from one side of each of
the cylinders through the centered valve 82 to the other, but in
order for those pistons to move the pistons of the horizontal
cylinders 68 and 72 must also move. However they are restrained
since valve 88 cannot be centered at the same time as valve 82
because of their phase difference. Even if the outer gear 36 were
stopped in a position leaving a fluid path between the vertical
cylinders and the horizontal cylinders, such as a position
45.degree. counterclockwise of the position shown in FIG. 5, the
outer gear would still be locked in place. In this position the
spool of valve 82 would be to the right and the spool of valve 88
would be in its downward position. Fluid tending to flow out of the
cylinders 66 and 70 to permit the outer gear 36 to move, for
example, in a clockwise direction would have to flow to the sides
of the pistons 68 and 72 which would force the outer gear to move
in a counterclockwise direction. Thus the cylinders would be acting
against one another and no movement would take place at all.
The pair of eccentrically engaged gears 26 and 36 operate according
to a known principle whereby each circular cycle of the outer gear
causes the inner gear to rotate through an angle corresponding to
the number of teeth difference between the outer gear and the inner
gear. The shape and spacing of the teeth on both gears are
identical, but the outer gear has more teeth as a result of having
a greater inside diameter than the outside diameter of the inner
gear. For example, the outer gear 36 of FIG. 2 has sixteen internal
teeth 34 while the inner gear 26 has fourteen external teeth 28.
This means that each time the outer gear makes a complete cycle,
the inner gear will rotate 2/14 of 360.degree., or 51.43.degree..
In seven cycles of the outer gear the inner gear will make one
complete rotation of 360.degree., giving a gear reduction of seven
to one. The same principle would apply if the outer gear were
constrained to rotate about a fixed central axis and the inner gear
were driven in a gyratory eccentric path with respect to the outer
gear. In such a case the load handling attachment would be mounted
on the outer gear.
An alternative embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 6 and
7, differing from the embodiment of FIGS. 1-5 only with respect to
the mechanism by which the outer gear 36a is driven. The outer gear
36a includes a pair of lateral extension portions 124 and 126
having a pair of auxiliary eccentric pivots 128, 130 interacting
with the frame 40 in a manner similar to the eccentrics 42. However
the eccentrics 128, 130 are each rotatably driven through their
rear journals by a respective hydraulic motor 132, 134 mounted on
the rear side of the frame 40. The lateral spacing of the
eccentrics 128, 130 is sufficient that the hydraulic motors may
extend rearwardly along the outside of the lift truck mast members
136, to which the carriage 18 is mounted, so as not to interfere
with the mast or any projections such as hose reels which may be
attached to the mast. In this way the motors do not increase the
axial dimension of the rotator device and provide a somewhat
simpler mechanism. One or two such motors may be provided, each
being actuated by a manual control valve such as 94 (FIG. 5)
located in the operator's compartment. Coupling of a motor to an
eccentric may be direct, as shown, or by a linkage such as a chain
drive.
Although exemplary apparatus has been disclosed and discussed it
should be understood that the embodiments shown are not set forth
as a limitation on the scope of the invention since other
mechanical configurations may also embody the concepts and
principles of this invention. Accordingly the terms and expressions
which have been employed in the foregoing abstract and
specification are used therein as terms of description and not of
limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and
expressions, of excluding equivalents of the features shown and
described or portions thereof, it being recognized that the scope
of the invention is defined and limited only by the claims which
follow.
* * * * *