U.S. patent number 3,875,625 [Application Number 05/438,684] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-08 for apparatus for interlacing filaments of multifilament yarns.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Rhone-Poulenc-Textile. Invention is credited to Charles Blanc, Christian Delarue.
United States Patent |
3,875,625 |
Blanc , et al. |
April 8, 1975 |
Apparatus for interlacing filaments of multifilament yarns
Abstract
Multifilament yarn is interlaced by passing the yarn through an
apparatus which impinges four streams or jets of fluid upon the
yarn. The jets or streams of fluid are given a rotational component
by auxiliary streams of air which impinge on the jets or streams
with a tangential attitude. The yarn and impinging streams of fluid
converge in a cavity located within an interlacing chamber wherein
the height of the cavity is no greater than the smallest diameter
of the cavity and wherein the inlet of the interlacing chamber is
wider than the diameter of the cavity and the outlet of the
interlacing chamber is narrower than the cavity.
Inventors: |
Blanc; Charles (Couzon au Mont
d'Or, FR), Delarue; Christian (Meyzieu,
FR) |
Assignee: |
Rhone-Poulenc-Textile (Paris,
FR)
|
Family
ID: |
9115875 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/438,684 |
Filed: |
February 1, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Mar 5, 1973 [FR] |
|
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73.08029 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
28/272; 28/276;
57/333 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D02J
1/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
D02J
1/08 (20060101); D02J 1/00 (20060101); D02j
001/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;28/1.4,1.3,72.11,72.12
;57/77.3,157F ;226/7,97 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Rimrodt; Louis K.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sherman & Shalloway
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus for interlacing a multifilament strand of yarn
under the influence of an expanding fluid comprising:
an interlacing chamber through which the yarn passes as the yarn is
interlaced wherein the chamber includes a treatment zone defined by
a surface of revolution about an axis, the cavity having a diameter
and a height wherein the height is at most equal to the
diameter;
at least one conduit registered with said treatment zone for
injecting the fluid into said treatment zone wherein said conduit
has an axis intersecting the axis of said treatment zone; and
means aligned with said conduit for introducing a rotational
component of motion to the fluid injected through said conduit
having an axis normal to the axis of the treatment zone to cause
the filaments of the multifilament yarn to interlace.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the diameter is the smallest
diameter of the treatment zone measurable on the surface of
revolution thereof.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a plurality of the conduits
register with the treatment zone for injecting the fluid and
wherein the axis of each conduit forms the same angle with the axis
of the treatment zone and intersects the treatment zone surface in
a single plane which is normal to the axis of the treatment zone so
that the fluid enters the treatment zone from each conduit at the
same level and angle.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the axis of each conduit
extends in the same plane which plane is normal to the axis of the
treatment zone.
5. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the angle between the axes of
two adjacent conduits is between 30.degree. and 180.degree..
6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the angle between the axes of
two adjacent conduits is between 30.degree. and 180.degree..
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the means for introducing a
rotational component of motion to the fluid includes a turbulence
chamber coaxial with the conduit in which there is an axial intake
for a principal stream of fluid and a generally tangential intake
for an auxiliary stream of fluid which introduces the rotational
component to the principal stream.
8. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the conduits are distributed in
equal spacing about the treatment zone with the axes thereof
contained in the same plane which plane extends normal to the axis
of the treatment zone.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the conduits are four in number
and the axes of the conduits are spaced 90.degree. apart.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the interlacing chamber
downstream of the cavity has an outlet with a diameter greater than
the diameter of the cavity.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the fluid injected into the
cavity expands freely out of the outlet.
12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the outlet is
constricted.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the constriction occurs
abruptly.
14. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the constriction occurs
gradually.
15. The device of claim 10 wherein the interlacing chamber upstream
of the cavity has an inlet with a diameter that is greater than the
diameter of the cavity.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 further including means for inserting
the yarn aligned with the inlet.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the apparatus is made of two
separate parts which are joined along an area which intersects the
interlacing chamber so that the yarn may be placed in the
interlacing chamber upon separating the two parts and may be
surrounded by the interlacing chamber upon joining the two
parts.
18. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein at least one of said conduits
includes means for injecting fluid having nonturbulent flow into
the cavity at the same level as the conduits injecting fluid having
a rotary component.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The instant invention relates to methods of and apparatus for the
manufacture of multifilament yarns having interlaced filaments.
More particularly, the instant invention relates to methods and
apparatus for the manufacture of multifilament yarns having
interlaced filaments wherein the filaments are interlaced by
impinging at least one stream of fluid on the yarn.
2. Technical Considerations and Prior Art
The filaments of multifilament yarns are cohered together by
processes such as twisting, sizing or interlacing. The present
invention is directed to interlacing wherein a yarn formed of
continuous multifilaments is interlaced or tangled in a generally
random way to form "pseudo burls" which cooperate to form a yarn
that has a total twist which may be substantially zero.
The prior art suggests several processes for the manufacture of
interlaced yarn. These processes include subjecting the yarn, while
under slight tension, to the action of at least one fluid jet which
is generally created by compressed air. Generally the jet is
directed in a plane that is substantially normal to the direction
in which the yarn advances and is impinged on the yarn as the yarn
traverses what is generally known as an "interlacing nozzle" or
"interlace nozzle."
The patent literature, especially the French patent literature,
contains many examples of interlacing methods and apparatus for
utilization in interlacing the fibers of multifiber yarn. In
addition No. 68,429 to French Pat. No. 1,108,890 a strand of
multifiber yarn is advanced between a delivery tube which impinges
fluid against the strand and a resonance box. An improvement to
this invention is disclosed in French Pat. No. 1,334,130 in which
the impinging fluid is recycled from the outlet of the resonance
box and again impinged on the yarn.
French Pat. No. 1,492,945 discloses a process in which a
multifilament strand of yarn is subjected simultaneously to
impingement from pairs of primary fluid jets and at least one
secondary jet which impinges fluid on the yarn from a direction
opposite that of the primary jets in a zone between the points of
impact of the primary jets.
French Pat. No. 2,094,232 discloses a process in which yarn is
passed through a conduit and subjected to impingement from two
fluid jets which are substantially aligned with the conduit but are
oppositely directed.
The aforedescribed processes impinge substantially rectilinear
fluid jets on multifilament yarns to interlace the filaments of the
yarns. However, there is another approach in which the
multifilament yarn is advanced through a zone or station in which
there is vortex turbulence created by impinging fluid jets on the
yarn which have an axis of rotation which is substantially parallel
to the direction in which the yarn advances. In the processes
disclosed in these patents, the fluid is fed directly into a
conduit forming the interlacing zone or station and the vortex
turbulence is formed in the conduit itself. Consequently, in order
for the vortex turbulence to be effective, the conduit must extend
a relatively long distance and a plurality of inlets for the fluid
jets need to be distributed in the conduit along the path
therethrough assumed by the yarn.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,191,791 discloses a yarn guide composed of a
cavity, the height of which is at most equal to the diameter
thereof. As the yarn passes through the cavity, a plurality of
radial jets impinge fluid streams upon the yarn and as a result of
the action of radial streams, the yarn is interlaced.
Frence Pat. application No. 72/19404, filed May 25, 1972 now French
Pat. No. 2,186,029, in the name of the inventor of the instant
invention and entitled "Process and Device for the Manufacture of
Interlaced Strand Yarn" is subjected to impingement from jets which
generate a perturbed fluid flow. By the term perturbed fluid flow
is meant a stream of fluid having a direction and possibly an
output which is temporarily variable. With the process disclosed in
this application, the interlacing quality of the multifilament yarn
is very good because over short lengths there is a random pattern
of interlacing without a geometric repetition whereas, over long
lengths, the yarn has a pleasing regular appearance. Unfortunately,
the apparatus for practicing the process disclosed in this
application is rather complicated because it relies on movable
mechanical elements to cause perturbation of the fluid jets.
Furthermore, this process is relatively noisy and the mechanical
elements involved are subject to rapid wear. Finally, it is
difficult to obtain similarities in interlacing configurations
produced by different nozzles.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the aforementioned difficulties encountered upon using
the methods and apparatus of the prior art, it is an object of the
instant invention to provide new and improved methods of and
apparatus for interlacing the filaments of multifilament yarn.
It is another object of the instant invention to provide new and
improved methods of and apparatus for interlacing the filaments of
multifilament yarn by utilizing a relatively simple apparatus which
has no parts that move while the interlacing process is being
effected.
It is another object of the instant invention to provide new and
improved methods of and apparatus for interlacing filaments of
multifilament yarns wherein the interlaced filaments have improved
cohesion.
It is still another object of the instant invention to provide new
and improved methods of and apparatus for interlacing filaments of
multifilament yarn wherein it is possible to obtain various
interlacing configurations with the same apparatus.
It is a further object of the instant invention to provide new and
improved methods of and apparatus for interlacing filaments of
multifilament yarn wherein interlacing occurs upon impinging a
fluid jet on the yarn wherein the fluid jet has a rotating
component.
In keeping with these objects and additional objects, the present
invention contemplates an apparatus for interlacing the filaments
of a multifilament yarn under the influence of an expanding
pressurized fluid by advancing the yarn through an interlacing
chamber having a treatment zone with which is registered at least
one conduit that directs a fluid jet or stream against the yarn.
The apparatus includes a structure which is aligned with the
conduit and superimposes a rotational component on the stream
passing through the conduit to cause an enhanced interlacing of the
filaments. The treatment zone is dimensioned so that its height is
at most equal to its diameter. The present invention also
contemplates methods utilizing the features of the aforedescribed
apparatus.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of a nozzle according to the instant
invention taken in section to show an interlacing chamber and fluid
conduits;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the nozzle in FIG. 1 taken in section along
line 2--2 of FIG. 1 showing four conduits registering with the
interlacing chamber;
FIG. 3 is a half view taken in section along line 3-3 of the nozzle
shown in FIG. 2 illustrating how a fluid supply line is registered
with the nozzle;
FIG. 4 is a side view in section showing a plate which is utilized
for partial closure of the outlet end of the interlacing chamber
shown in the previous figures;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the plate shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is another embodiment of a plate which is used for partial
closure of the outlet of the interlacing chamber; and
FIG. 7 is a top view of an embodiment of the nozzle according to
the invention which can be pivoted to an open position to receive
multifilament yarn therethrough in a convenient manner.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a nozzle, designated
generally by the numeral 10, which is the apparatus for performing
the process of the instant invention. The nozzle 10 has an
interlacing chamber, designated generally by the numeral 11,
through which passes a multifilament strand of yarn 12 and in which
the filaments of the yarn 12 are interlaced to form a unified
strand of yarn. As seen in FIG. 2, the interlacing chamber is a
generally cylindrical bore formed in a block 13.
In the illustrated embodiment, the interlacing chamber 11 maintains
its cylindrical configuration for a certain distance and then
tapers with a conical portion 14 to form what is herein described
as a treatment zone 16. Downstream of the treatment zone 16, the
interlacing chamber 11 expands through another beveled portion 17
and continues to an outlet 18. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a
plate 19 is bolted by screws 21 (see FIG. 3) to the block 13. The
plate 19 has a projecting portion 22 which extends therefrom to
form a converging outlet 24 therein, the purpose of which will be
explained hereinafter.
The treatment chamber 16 has an axial length which is substantially
equal to its diameter. However, the axial length of the treatment
chamber may, if desired, be less than the diameter. Registered with
the treatment chamber 16 are pairs of opposed jets 26 and 27
extending along one axis, and 28 and 29 extending along another
axis, positioned normal to the first axis. In the illustrated
embodiment, the axes of the jets are all included in the same
plane, which plane is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction
of advance assumed by the yarn 12. Through these jets 26, 27, 28
and 29, fluid is passed to impinge on the yarn 12. All fluid
flowing through these jets flows into the treatment zone 16.
The jets 26, 27, 28 and 29 have vortex chambers 31, 32, 33 and 34
respectively associated therewith. These vortex chambers are
axially aligned with the jets. In order to generate vertices within
the vortex chambers 31, 32, 33 and 34, each vortex chamber has a
tangential jet 36 registered therewith in a direction which is
tangent to the axes of the vortex chambers and the jets 26, 27, 28
and 29.
Connected to each vortex chamber is a principal fluid supply
conduit 41 which supplies the fluid stream that expands through the
jets 26, 27, 28 and 29, to impinge upon the yarn 12. As the
principal fluid is supplied through the conduits 41, the tangential
jets 36 supply an auxiliary fluid in a direction which is
tangential to the flow of the principal fluid. This causes the
principal fluid to rotate and form vertices which generally rotate
about the axes of the jets 26-29 and the vortex chambers 31-34. The
auxiliary fluid is applied via conduits 42 (see FIGS. 1 and 3) that
register with bores 43 and 44 in the block 13. The bore 43
communicates with vortex chambers 31 and 33 through tangential jets
36 while the bore 44, which is diagonally spaced from the bore 43,
communicates with vortex chambers 32 and 34 through tangential jets
36. By configuring the bores 43 and 44 in this way, it is possible
to rotate the vortices in vortex chamber 31 in the opposite
direction from the vortices generated in the vortex chamber 32.
Furthermore, the vortices in vortex chamber 33 are rotated in the
opposite direction from the vortices in the vortex chamber 34.
This, of course, occurs because the tangential jets communicating
with opposed vortex chambers 31, 32 and 33, 34 are directed in
opposite directions.
The block 13 has threaded holes 47 machined therein through which
may be introduced valves 51 that may be registered with the jets 36
to constrict the inlet ends of the jets to throttle the amount of
fluid entering the jets and thereby control the the intensity of
vortices generated in the vortex chambers 31-34. By utilizing the
valves 51, the vortices in selected ones of the chambers 31-34 may
be varied selectively so that fluid impinging on the yarn 12
through the jets 26-29 may have varying rotation components. This
produces different variations in interlacing configurations given
to the multifilament yarn 12. If desired, of course, selected ones
of the jets 36 may be cut off completely by the valves 51 so that
the principal fluid stream applied through the associated vortex
chamber will have no rotational component.
In addition to utilizing the bores 47 for varying rotational
components of the principal fluid, the bores 47 may also be used
upon removal of the valves 51 to inject auxiliary fluids, such as
dyes or other processing fluids, into the principal fluid.
Furthermore, the bores 47 are, or may be, created as a convenient
access for boring the jets 36 through the block 13.
Referring now to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, there are shown two types of
plates which are used to partially constrict the outlet 18 of the
interlacing chamber 11. The embodiment shown in FIG. 4 has already
been described and utilizes a converging portion 24 which is
conical to gradually constrict the outlet from the interlacing
chamber 11. The embodiment of FIG. 6 shows a different
configuration of the plate 19 wherein the outlet 18 of the
interlacing chamber 11 may be constricted by an abrupt orifice
52.
Although no constricting means is shown as being applied to the
intake or upstream end of the interlacing chamber 11, such a device
may be utilized if desired.
Referring now to FIG. 7, there is shown an embodiment of the nozzle
10 wherein the block 13 is divided into a pair of symmetrical
portions 13a and 13b so that the block may be conveniently opened
for insertion of a multifilament yarn 12. By utilizing the
configuration shown in FIG. 7, the yarn does not have to be first
severed and threaded through the nozzle 10 in order to apply the
nozzle 10 to the yarn. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, the
two halves 13a and 13b are pivoted by pins 63 and 64 to a plate 70
so as to swing toward and away from one another. The portion 13a
has a handle 65 rigidly secured thereto and a pin 66 projecting
therefrom. When the halves 13a and 13b are pivoted into abutting
relationship along the interface 67, the pin 66 is engaged by a
latch 68. The latch 68 has a curved slot 69 therein which engages
the pin 66 and captures as a handle 71 is rotated in the
counterclockwise direction. In order to, in effect, cam the two
halves 13a and 13b together, the handle 71 is pivoted offcenter
about a pin 72 so as the handle is rotated the pin 66 is drawn
progressively closer to the pin 72. By utilizing the arrangement of
the off-center latch 68 and plate 70, an articulated locking system
is provided in which absorption of play between the two halves 13a
and 13b may be accomplished by auxiliary structures, such as spring
washers, positioned to act between the two halves 13a and 13b.
While in the illustrated embodiment the fluid utilized is air, it
should be kept in mind that any other gas or liquid or a diphase
liquid, such as an emulsion, may be used. In addition, it should be
kept in mind that the fluid utilized may contain a dye.
Furthermore, although the interlacing chamber 11 and treatment zone
16 disclosed in the drawings are generally cylindrical in
configuration, it should be kept in mind that these portions of the
nozzle 10 may have a surface defined by any convenient surface of
revolution so that the diameter may vary from one end to the
other.
Although the jets 26, 27, 28 and 29 are shown having axes all in
the same plane, these jets may be inclined relative to that plane
so as to generate a traction on the yarn 12 as the fluid passes
through the jets and impinges on the yarn.
While four jets 26, 27, 28 and 29 are illustrated as being
positioned at an angle of 90.degree. to one another, it is possible
to utilize any number of jets the angle between which may vary
between 0.degree. and 80.degree. and preferably may vary between
30.degree. and 80.degree..
In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid ejected from adjacent jets
may rotate in the same direction or in opposite directions. If the
fluid from adjacent jets rotates in opposite directions, it is
possible to avoid parasitic false twist effects on the
multifilament yarn as it is interlaced.
Although the jets 26-29 and the vortex chambers 31-34 are shown as
having cylindrical side walls, it is also possible to profile these
structures to have the form of a Laval nozzle which is convergent
and divergent. Such a configuration would enhance the speed of
ejection of fluids through these structures while at the same time
reducing consumption of fluid to produce the same interlacing
effect on the yarn.
Finally, the configuration of the yarn 12, as it emerges from the
interlacing chamber 11, may be varied according to whether or not
the outlet 18 of the chamber is constricted. If the outlet of the
chamber is constricted by, for example, the converging surface 24
shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, or the converging surface 52 shown in
FIG. 5, an improvement in yarn cohesion results because the exit
speed of the fluid is increased. If the opening 18 is wider than
the diameter of the treatment zone, then the yarn, as it exists
from the interlacing chamber, will swell creating an effect which
might, under some circumstances, be desired.
EXAMPLES
By using the nozzle 10 shown in FIGS. 1-6, the following results
were obtained.
EXAMPLE 1
Texturized polyamide yarn having a count of 2800 dtx/136 strand was
processed using the nozzel 10 and the plate 19 with the gradually
converging outlet defined by surface 24. Compressed air was applied
to the conduits 41 and 42 with the same pressure. For a given
passage of the yarn through the nozzle 10, the quality of the
interlacing of the yarn was measured as a function of this
pressure. The operation as repeated for different speeds and the
pressure read on a manometer and expressed in bars.
The cohesion factor of the interlacing was measured on an
"entanglement tester R-2040," Rothschild (Zurich). This
entanglement tester works on the principal of automatic detection
of the distance between points of interlacing by utilizing a needle
that penetrates between the filaments of a moving yarn and retracts
as soon as it encounters a point of resistance, the point of
resistance being an interlace point. The yarn being tested is first
subjected to a known adjustable pretensioning. Since the threshold
of tension that corresponds to disengagement of the needle from the
yarn is known and adjustable, the cohesion factor can be expressed
by the relationship: F = 100/d wherein d is the average distance
between interlace points expressed in centimeters and is the
average of at least 100 measurements. The values of the interlace
factor are presented in the following table in which P.I. is the
injection pressure of the principal fluid, P.T. is the injection
pressure of the auxiliary fluid used to create the turbulence and V
is the yarn speed in meters per minute.
Table I ______________________________________ P.I. = 0.5 1 1.5 2 3
4 5 6 P.T. V. fil ______________________________________ 200 10.6
24.3 27.1 38.6 47.4 48.8 65.5 58.5 300 9.68 20.1 25.4 35.5 45.5
56.9 50.7 55.6 400 11.9 16.8 26.2 26.6 43 49.4 52.2 53.7 1070 --
7.2 -- 18.5 29.5 35.1 40.1 --
______________________________________
A review of Table I results in the following observations:
1. For a given speed, the interlace factor is in direct proportion
to the fluid pressure;
2. For yarn passage speeds taken in a narrow range, the speed has
little influence on the interlace factor; and
3. If the passage speeds vary in large proportions, the interlace
factor is in inverse proportion to the speed.
EXAMPLE 2
The operating conditions in this example are the same as in Example
1 except that the nozzle functioned without feeding turbulence
fluid. In this example, no fluid pressure was applied to conduits
42 while the conduits 41 were pressurized.
Table II ______________________________________ P.I. 0.5 1 1.5 2 3
4 5 6 V. fil ______________________________________ 200 9.69 22.5
30.2 40.7 48.4 54.2 61.4 58.8 300 13.9 17.4 30.4 39.5 50 55.1 49.6
55 400 7.57 15.4 25.5 30.7 42.7 45.1 47.7 54.4
______________________________________
A review of Table II results in the following observations:
1. For a given speed of yarn passage, the interlace factor is
directly proportional to the injection pressure; and
2. At rather a narrow speed range, the speed has little effect on
the value of the interlace factor.
COMPARISON OF EXAMPLES 1 AND 2
In comparing Examples 1 and 2, it is observed that the interlacing
factor is in direct proportion to the flow of fluid in the nozzle.
It is seen that the degree of interlace of the yarn obtained with
the nozzle functioning with turbulent fluid and that of the nozzle
functioning without turbulent fluid are substantially equivalent.
However, in the case of the nozzle functioning with turbulent
fluid, it is found that the flow of air passing through the nozzle
is substantially reduced on the order of 20 - 40 percent.
Consequently, there is a considerable saving in fluid. Furthermore,
the interlace produced is more regular, as evidenced by the
separation of measurements on the Rothschild apparatus which
deviates from the average less. The resulting yarn appears more
regular, more sheathed and with very slight variations in diameter
when turbulence is utilized.
EXAMPLE 3
In this example, the pressure of the primary fluid was kept
constant while the pressure of the turbulence-causing fluid was
varied. In this example, there were three series of tests:
First series -- The primary injection fluid pressure was held
constant at 1 bar while three tests corresponding to yarn speeds of
200, 300 and 400 meters per minute were run. The pressure of the
turbulence-causing fluid was varied and the results are recorded in
Table III.
Second series -- The same tests were made as with the first series;
however, the primary injection fluid pressure was maintained at 1.5
bars. The results of this series are illustrated in Table IV.
Third series -- The same tests were conducted as with the first and
second series; however, the primary injection fluid pressure was
maintained at 2 bars. The results of these tests are in Table
V.
Table III ______________________________________ P.T. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
3 4 5 6 V. fil ______________________________________ 200 22.5 24.3
24.3 16.1 21.7 26.7 27.9 34.2 30.1 300 17.4 17 20.1 16.3 18.5 24.4
25.5 31.4 31.9 400 15.4 17.3 16.8 15 18.2 20.5 29 31.2 36.5
______________________________________
Table IV ______________________________________ P.T. 0 1 1.5 2 3 4
5 6 V. fil ______________________________________ 200 30.2 30.6
27.1 29.8 23.5 30.6 24.7 32.3 300 30.4 29.8 25.4 29.8 19.5 28.8 37
38.2 400 26.5 26.5 26.2 27.5 22.3 29.6 28.3 37
______________________________________
Table V ______________________________________ P.T. 0 1.5 2 3 4 5 6
V. fil ______________________________________ 200 40.7 43.6 38.6 32
16.1 32.1 31.9 300 39.5 43.2 35.5 40.5 22.8 39.6 38.4 400 30.7 32.8
26.6 31 20.2 33.7 34.1 ______________________________________
In interpreting Tables III, Iv and V, it is seen that the interlace
factor varies as a function of the turbulence-causing fluid
pressure. There is a minimum interlace factor which, for a given
pressure of injection fluid, is the same at the same turbulence
causing fluid pressure. Thus, for a fixed value of the injection
pressure, it is possible to modulate the value of the interlace
factor by varying the pressure of the turbulence-causing fluid. By
optimizing the pressure of the primary injection fluid and the
pressure of the turbulence-causing fluid, it is possible to achieve
the best nozzle efficiencies by utilizing minimum flow through the
nozzle. Consequently, it is possible to enhance cohesion of the
interlaced filaments by using a speed resumption device such as the
plate 19 at the outlet 18 of the interlacing chamber.
In addition to the aforementioned advantage, the regularity of the
interlace may be improved by utilizing the nozzle according to this
invention since the nozzle can function using various arrangements
such as activating two of the turbulence-causing jets with two
non-turbulence causing jets or any symmetrical or asymmetrical mix
of activated turbulence-causing jets. Consequently, it is possible
to obtain yarns having different configurations of interlace by
using a single nozzle 10. It is also possible, with the nozzle 10
of the present invention, to produce effects such as false twist,
etc. Finally, the nozzle utilized in the instant invention may
interlace many types of multifabric yarns such as continuous yarns,
spun products of fibers, yarns which are either flat or textured,
yarns which are natural or yarns which are made of artificial or
synthetic materials.
The aforedisclosed embodiments and examples are merely illustrative
of the features of the instant invention, which is to be limited by
only the following appended claims.
* * * * *