U.S. patent number 3,875,412 [Application Number 05/377,601] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-01 for apparatus for taking an x-ray picture of the head.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Kabushiki Kaisha Morita Seisakusho. Invention is credited to Kazuo Hozumi.
United States Patent |
3,875,412 |
Hozumi |
April 1, 1975 |
Apparatus for taking an X-ray picture of the head
Abstract
Apparatus for taking an X-ray picture of the head of a human
being which comprises an X-ray source, an X-ray film holder and a
head setting device disposed between the source and the holder. The
setting device includes an axially aligned pair of ear rods adapted
to be inserted into the holes of the opposite ears and means for
moving the ear rods relative to the path of the X-ray beam from the
source without changing the relative positions of the ear rods.
Inventors: |
Hozumi; Kazuo (Kyoto,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Kabushiki Kaisha Morita
Seisakusho (Kyoto, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
13483820 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/377,601 |
Filed: |
July 9, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
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|
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Jul 18, 1972 [JA] |
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47-72249 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
378/208 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
6/501 (20130101); A61B 6/14 (20130101); A61B
6/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
6/14 (20060101); A61B 6/00 (20060101); A61B
6/08 (20060101); G03b 041/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;250/446,456,491,320 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lawrence; James W.
Assistant Examiner: Anderson; B. C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Christensen, O'Connor, Garrison
& Havelka
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A head-position adjusting apparatus suitable for use in
combination with an X-ray photographic apparatus, wherein an X-ray
beam is transmitted along a substantially horizontal X-ray axis
towards an X-ray film intersecting said X-ray axis, to position the
head of a person such that it intersects said X-ray axis, X-ray
photographic apparatus, said head-position adjusting apparatus
comprising:
a support arm adapted to be positioned above said X-ray axis;
a pair of spaced support members mounted on said support arm so as
to extend outwardly from said support arm in the general direction
of said X-ray axis, and adapted to be moved toward and away from
one another along said support arm;
a pair of ear rods, one of said ear rods being affixed to one of
said pair of spaced support members and projecting toward the other
of said pair of spaced support members, the other of said ear rods
being affixed to the other of said pair of spaced support members
and projecting toward said one of said pair of spaced support
members, said pair of ear rods defining a straight line, and being
movable into and out of the ears of the head of a person when said
head is suitably positioned between said pair of spaced support
members;
ear rod positioning means connected to said pair of spaced support
members for simultaneously moving said pair of spaced support
members so as to position said pair of ear rods in the ears of the
head of a person when said head is suitably positioned between said
pair of spaced support members; and
head positioning means connected to said support arm for
selectively positioning said straight line connecting said pair of
ear rods: (a) longitudinally with respect to said X-ray axis; (b)
transversely with respect to said X-ray axis in both vertical and
horizontal planes; (c) arcuately with respect to said X-ray axis in
a generally vertical plane; and (d) arcuately with respect to said
X-ray axis in a generally horizontal plane.
2. A head-position adjusting apparatus as claimed in claim 1
wherein said head-positioning means comprises:
a first arm, said support arm being rotatably mounted on said first
arm such that said straight line connecting said pair of ear rods
is selectively positioned adjustable arcuately with respect to said
X-ray axis in a generally horizontal plane;
a second arm, said first arm being mounted on one end of said
second arm such that said straight line connecting said pair of ear
rods is selectively positioned adjustable transversely with respect
to said X-ray axis in a horizontal plane; and,
a carriage mechanism, said second arm being rotatably mounted on
said carriage mechanism such that said straight line connecting
said pair of ear rods is selectively positioned adjustable
arcuately with respect to said X-ray axis in a generally vertical
plane, said carriage mechanism being suitable for selectively
position adjusting said straight line connecting said pair of ear
rods longitudinally with respect to said X-ray axis and
transversely with respect to said X-ray axis in a vertical
plane.
3. A head-position adjusting apparatus as claimed in claim 2,
wherein said carriage mechanism comprises a first carriage element,
a second carriage element and a support block, said first carriage
element being mounted on said support block so as to be vertically
movable with respect to said support block and said second carriage
element mounted on said first carriage element so as to be
horizontally movable with respect to said first carriage element,
said second arm being rotatably mounted on said second carriage
element.
4. A head-position adjusting apparatus as claimed in claim 3,
including:
a first indicating means associated with said support arm and said
first arm for providing a visual indication of the rotational
position of said support arm with respect to said first arm;
a second indicating means associated with said first arm and said
second arm for providing a visual indication of the transverse
position of said first arm with respect to said second arm;
a third indicating means associated with said second arm and said
second carriage element for providing a visual indication of the
rotational position of said second arm with respect to said second
carriage element;
a fourth indicating means associated with said first and second
carriage elements for providing a visual indication of the
transverse position of said second carriage element with respect to
said first carriage element; and,
a fifth indicating means associated with said support block and
said first carriage element for providing a visual indication of
the position of said first carriage element with respect to said
support block.
5. A head-position adjusting apparatus as claimed in claim 4,
wherein said ear rod positioning means comprises:
a disc rotatably mounted on said support arm between said pair of
spaced support members; and,
a pair of connecting links, one of said connecting links running
from one off-center position on one surface of said disc to one of
said pair of spaced support members and the other of said links
running from a second off-center position on the same surface of
said disc to the other of said pair of spaced support members, said
off-center positions being diametrically located on opposite sides
of the center of said disc.
6. A head-position adjusting apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
wherein said ear rod positioning means comprises:
a disc rotatably mounted on said support arm between said pair of
spaced support members; and,
a pair of connecting links, one of said connecting links running
from one off-center position on one surface of said disc to one of
said pair of spaced support members and the other of said links
running from a second off-center position on the same surface of
said disc to the other of said pair of spaced support members, said
off-center positions being diametrically located on opposite sides
of the center of said disc.
Description
This invention relates to an apparatus for taking an X-ray picture
of a desired portion of the head of a human being from a desired
angle relative thereto.
For medical diagnosis and/or treatment it sometimes is required to
take an X-ray picture of a required portion of the head of a
patient and particularly the interior thereof. However, the
interior bones of the head are so complex in shape and association
with each other that they sometimes obstruct taking a clear picture
of the required portion of the head. Therefore, it is necessary to
project the X-ray beam onto the required portion from an angle
which minimizes overlapping of the bones. In this case, it is
necessary to properly position the head relative to the X-ray beam
projected thereto from a predetermined angle. However, the head is
likely to move so that it is difficult to keep it stationary and
consequently to keep fixed the angle from which the X-ray beam is
projected onto the head.
It is also common to take X-ray pictures before and after treatment
so as to compare the portion that has been treated with the same
portion before the treatment. In this case the pictures before and
after the treatment must be taken by the X-ray beam projected from
the same angle. As previously mentioned, it is difficult to keep
the head stationary during the time the single picture is taken and
even more difficult to take a picture after the treatment with the
X-ray beam projected from exactly the same angle as before the
treatment.
When the interior of the head is radiographed it is inevitable that
on the path of the X-ray and in front of and/or at the back of the
portion to be radiographed there are other bones whose images must
be blurred to obtain a clear image of the required portion on the
film.
Accordingly, it is the primary object of the invention to make it
easy to position the head of a patient to be radiographed relative
to the direction in which the X-ray beam is projected. According to
the invention, in order to properly position the head of a patient,
there are provided an axially aligned, opposed pair of ear rods
adapted to be inserted into the holes of the opposite ears of the
patient. The distance between the ear rods is adjustable without
changing the axial alignment, and there is provided an X-ray source
at the outer side of one of the ear rods and an X-ray film at the
outer side of the other ear rod in such a manner that the X-ray
source and the film can be moved relative to each other while an
X-ray picture is being taken. The arrangement of the ear rods makes
it possible to determine the relative position of the head to the
ear rods, and this position can easily be reproduced when X-ray
pictures are repeately taken. The ear rods are adjustable to any
desired position, so that it is possible to position the head at
any desired angle to the straight line connecting the X-ray source
and the film. In other words, it is possible to set the head to any
desired position and at any desired angle relative to the direction
of projection of the X-ray beam.
Another object of the invention is to obtain a clear and sharp
X-ray image. To this end, one or both of the X-ray source and the
X-ray film are movable along the path of the X-ray beam emitted by
the X-ray source. If both the X-ray source and the film are thus
moved while keeping constant the ratio of the distance between the
X-ray source and the portion to be radiographed and the distance
between the same portion and the film, the image of that portion is
kept stationary on the film while those of the other portions are
moved so as to be blurred thereby causing the image of the portion
to be radiographed all the more distinctive. In this case, even if
along the path of the X-ray beam there are bones in front of and/or
at the back of the portion to be radiographed, it is possible to
obtain a clear image of that portion.
The invention will be explained in detail with reference to the
accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a partically cut-away perspective view of a portion of
FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a view explaining the radiographing operation of the
apparatus of FIG. 1.
Referring to the drawings there is shown a frame 1 which supports a
head setting device 2. The device 2 includes an axially aligned,
opposed pair of ear rods 3A and 3B so arranged that they are
movable toward and away from each other and the axial line
connecting them can be positioned to any angle to the path of the
X-ray beam. The ear rods are fixed to vertical members 4A and 4B,
respectively, made of a material which X-rays can easily pass. The
members 4A and 4B depend from a horizontal arm 5 in such a manner
that the vertical members 4A and 4B are slidable along the length
of the horizontal arm 5. Operating arms 6A and 6B have their one
ends pivotally connected to the upper ends of the vertical support
members 4A and 4B, respectively, and the opposite ends pivotally
connected to the points at the opposite sides of the center of a
disk 7 rotatably mounted on the horizontal arm 5. A handle 8 is
fixed to the disk 7 so that by turning the handle it is possible to
rotate the disk thereby to move the vertical supports 4A and 4B
along the length of the horizontal arm 5 toward or away from each
other.
The head of a patient is placed between the vertical members 4A and
4B, and by turning the handle 8 the members 4A and 4B are moved
toward each other as far as the ear rods 3A and 3B thereon are
inserted into the holes of the patient's ears. Thus the head has
now been set at the proper position for taking an X-ray picture of
the required portion of the head.
The arm 5 has its middle point pivotally supported by the outer end
of an arm 10 so that rotation of the arm 5 in a horizontal plane
results in a corresponding rotation of the axial line connecting
the ear rods 3A and 3B in the same horizontal plane.
The arm 10 is so mounted on the upper end of a bracket 11 so as to
be movable longitudinally relative to the bracket 11 by means of a
handle 12 so that the line connecting the ear rods can be moved in
parallel in the same horizontal plane.
The bracket 11 has its lower end pivotally mounted on a carriage 13
so that the axial line connecting the ear rods 3A and 3B is
rotatable in a vertical plane. The carriage 13 is horizontally
slidable on a carriage 14 by means of a handle 15. The carriage 14
is its turn mounted on a base 16 so as to be vertically slidable
relative to the latter by means of a handle 17, and the base 16 is
fixed to the frame 1. Therefore, by turning the handles 15 and 17
it is possible to move the straight line connecting the ear rods in
parallel in the horizontal and vertical planes.
With the above arrangement it is possible to incline the straight
line connecting the ear rods 3A and 3B any desired angle relative
to the plane of the frame and/or to a plane perpendicular to the
plane of the frame and at the same time move the line upward or
downward, forward or rearward, or rightward or leftward to any
desired position. Therefore, if the head of a patient is placed
between the members 4A and 4B with the ear rods inserted into the
holes of his ears, the patient's head has now been placed at the
proper position for taking an X-ray picture thereof. If the
positions of the various members are read at the corresponding
scales S1-S5, it is possible to repeatedly place the head at the
same position.
The frame 1 is provided with an X-ray source 21 at one side of the
head setting device 2 and an X-ray film magazine 22 at the opposite
side thereof. The direction in which the X-ray is emitted by the
source 21 is parallel with the plane of the frame. The source 21 is
supported by a slide 23 which is in turn supported by the frame 1
so that the slide is movable in parallel with the plane of the
frame 1.
The slidable frame 23 is provided with upper and lower rails 24
secured to the inner surfaces of the upper and lower walls of the
frame. A guide block 25 is secured to the frame 1 and provided with
rollers 26 which engage the rails 24 of the frame 23. A motor 27
drives one or more of the rollers 26 thereby to move the slidable
frame 23.
The film magazine 22 is detachably held by a holder 32 which is
supported by the frame 1 so as to be slidable relative thereto by a
mechanism similar to that by which the slide frame 22 for the X-ray
source is moved. The film magazine is movable in the opposite
direction to that in which the X-ray source is moved, as will be
described later.
The operation of the apparatus of the invention will now be
explained with reference to FIG. 3. Suppose that a jaw 41 has left
and right joints 42 and 43, which former is to be radiographed. The
joint 42 is positioned at the side of the film 22A while the joint
43 is positioned at the side of the X-ray source 21A. Suppose that
when the radiographing operation is started, the X-ray tube 21A and
the film 22A are at points M and N, respectively, and while the
radiographing is being conducted they are moved at a constant speed
in the opposite directions as far as points M' and N',
respectively, when the radiographing operation is finished. When
the X-ray tube is at M, the images of the joints 42 and 43 are
formed at points A and B, respectively, on the film 22A at point N
and when the X-ray tube and the film have been moved to M' and N'
respectively, the same images are formed at A' and B',
respectively, on the film at N'. As is clearly shown, the distance
between B and B' is far greater than the distance between A and A'.
Therefore, the image of the joint 43 is much blurred on the film in
comparison with that of the joint 42. In other words, the image of
the joint 42 becomes clearer than those of the other portions on
the film. If the ratio of the distance between the joint 42 and the
X-ray tube 21A and the distance between the same joint 42 and the
film 22A is kept constant by regulating the speeds of movement of
the X-ray tube and the film, the positions A and A' coincide so
that the image of the joint 42 becomes stationary and sharp and
distinctive.
As described above, in accordance with the invention, it is
possible to set the patient's head to any desired angle relative to
the direction of projection of the X-ray beam and to obtain a clear
and sharp picture of the portion to be radiographed by rendering
the image of that portion less blurred than the those of the other
portions.
* * * * *