U.S. patent number 3,874,801 [Application Number 05/350,710] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-01 for apparatus for marking paved surfaces.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to Lyall B. White.
United States Patent |
3,874,801 |
White |
April 1, 1975 |
Apparatus for marking paved surfaces
Abstract
A new marking apparatus for applying fusible organic-based
particulate marking material through a flame to form a continuous
marking on a paved surface. In this apparatus, forced air means
forces a fuel-air mixture at high velocity through a chute means
directed toward the paved surface. A set of kindling nozzles, also
connected to the fuel supply, is disposed circumferentially around
the end of the chute means, and ignites the fuel-air mixture
passing through the chute means. Marking material is fed from a
supply hopper into the chute means.
Inventors: |
White; Lyall B. (Sun City
Center, FL) |
Assignee: |
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing
Company (St. Paul, MN)
|
Family
ID: |
23377865 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/350,710 |
Filed: |
April 13, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
401/2; 404/94;
118/308 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E01C
23/206 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E01C
23/00 (20060101); E01C 23/20 (20060101); A47l
013/32 () |
Field of
Search: |
;404/94,72,93,95 ;117/9
;118/308 ;401/2 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Byers, Jr.; Nile C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Alexander, Sell, Steldt &
Delahunt
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for applying a fusible organic-based particulate
marking material to paved surfaces to form instantly
traffic-bearing markings on the paved surfaces, comprising a frame
supported by wheels and, mounted on the frame,
1. forced air means,
2. chute means connected to the forced air means and directed
toward a paved surface over which the apparatus is moved;
3. a set of kindling nozzles disposed circumferentially around the
end of the chute means and connected to the forced air means;
4. container means for particulate marking material disposed above
said chute means and connected through metering means to said chute
means so as to supply particulate marking material to said chute
means; and
5. gaseous fuel means comprising a supply tank and conduit means
connected between the supply tank and the chute means and the set
of kindling nozzles so as to introduce gaseous fuel into the air
stream moving through the chute means and kindling nozzles;
the forced air means supplying air through the chute means at a
velocity such that a flame ignited at the end of the chute means is
spaced from the end of the chute means.
2. Apparatus of claim 1 in which the forced air means is an air
blower that comprises a fan blade enclosed in a generally
cylindrical housing.
3. Apparatus of claim 1 in which the forced air means is connected
to the container means so as to apply a positive pressure within
the container means.
4. Apparatus of claim 1 in which the downstream ends of the
kindling nozzles terminate slightly downstream from the end of the
chute means and are directed inwardly toward the axis of the chute
means.
5. Apparatus for applying a fusible organic-based particulate
marking material to paved surfaces to form instantly
traffic-bearing markings on the paved surfaces, comprising a frame
supported by wheels and, mounted on the frame,
1. air blower means comprising a fan enclosed in a generally
cylindrical housing;
2. chute means having a straight passageway connected directly over
its whole cross-sectional area to the housing of the air blower
means and directed at an inclined angle toward a paved surface over
which the apparatus is moved;
3. a set of kindling nozzles disposed circumferentially around the
end of the chute means, terminating downstream from the end of the
chute means, directed inwardly toward the axis of the chute means,
and connected to the air blower means through an annular manifold
arranged coaxially around the chute means;
4. container means for particulate marking material disposed above
said chute means and connected through metering means to said chute
means so as to supply particulate marking material to said chute
means; and
5. gaseous fuel means comprising a supply tank and conduit means
connected between the supply tank and the chute means and the set
of kindling nozzles so as to introduce gaseous fuel into the air
stream moving through the chute means and kindling nozzles;
the air blower means supplying air through the chute means at a
velocity such that a flame ignited at the end of the chute means is
spaced from the end of the chute means.
6. Apparatus of claim 5 in which the air blower means is connected
to the container means so as to apply a positive pressure within
the container means.
7. Apparatus of claim 5 in which the chute means comprises a set of
barrels of large cross-sectional area.
8. Apparatus of claim 5 in which the conduit to the chute means
terminates in needle-size openings inside the chute means.
Description
Crosswalk stripes and other markings on paved surfaces are
presently provided in a convenient and rapid manner by application
through a flame of fusible organic-based particulate marking
material. Once on the paved surface, the marking material forms a
coalesced film that almost instantly hardens to a traffic-bearing
condition. Harrington, U.S. Pat. No. 3,410,185 and Harrington et
al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,664,242 describe the method used, and Eaton et
al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,279,336 and Micheln, U.S. Pat. No. 3,393,615
describe equipment used for such marking operations.
The present invention provides a new apparatus for marking paved
surfaces by the methods described in the Harrington and Harrington
et al patents. This new apparatus is of a simplified construction
that may be operated reliably over a long period of time with
little maintenance; the apparatus develops a large volume of heat
which is useful in causing the particulate marking material to form
a smooth uniform coalesced film on the roadway; and the apparatus
is inexpensive to manufacture.
Briefly, a marking apparatus of the invention comprises a frame
supported by wheels and, mounted on the frame,
1. forced air means;
2. chute means connected to the forced air means and directed
toward a paved surface over which the apparatus is moved;
3. a set of kindling nozzles disposed circumferentially around the
end of the chute means and connected to the forced air means;
4. container means for particulate marking material disposed above
said chute means and connected through metering means to said chute
means so as to supply particulate marking material to said chute
means; and
5. gaseous fuel means comprising a supply tank and conduit means
connected between the supply tank and the chute means and the set
of kindling nozzles so as to introduce gaseous fuel into the air
stream moving through the chute means and kindling nozzles;
The forced air means supplying air through the chute means at a
velocity such that a flame ignited at the end of the chute means is
spaced from the end of the chute means.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a front elevation view of a marking apparatus of the
invention, shown schematically for the most part;
FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of the marking apparatus shown in
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an end view of a nozzle of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1
and 2; and
FIG. 4 is a section along the lines 4--4 in FIG. 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an illustrative marking apparatus 10 of
the invention includes a frame 11 that comprises side beams 12 and
cross beams 13. Wheels 14 carried on axles 15 attached to the side
beams 12 by journals 16 support the frame 11 for movement along a
paved surface. In this illustrative embodiment of the invention,
movement is accomplished manually by an operator who grips a handle
assembly 17 that is attached to the frame 11. The handle assembly
is desirably off-center on the apparatus, so that an operator does
not walk on an applied stripe and so that the operator has a better
view of the marking operation.
Vertical struts 19 are attached to the frame 11, and floor panels
20 and 21 are attached between the struts. An air blower means 22
is mounted on one floor panel 20 and a pressurized supply tank 23
of liquified, normally gaseous (at atmospheric pressure) fuel is
mounted on the other floor panel 21. The air blower means 22
comprises a generally cylindrical housing 24 in which a fan blade
25 rotates under the driving force of an internal combustion engine
26 (see FIG. 1) acting through a gear train. In other embodiments
of the invention, forced air means other than an air blower means
are used, such as a source of compressed air; but an air blower
means is a preferred and economical way to provide a self-contained
unit.
A supply hopper 28 for particulate marking material is supported by
a frame assembly 27 and attached through passage means 29 and
metering means 30 to a chute means 31 that comprises two barrels
32, 33 arranged side-by-side and at an inclined angle to the paved
surface on which the marking apparatus moves. In the illustrated
embodiment, particulate marking material moves by gravity from the
supply hopper through the metering means into the chute means, but
in other embodiments the particulate material is driven or drawn
into the chute means. The barrels 32, 33 are connected directly to
the air blower means 22, so that air put in motion by the fan blade
25 enters directly into the barrels. In the illustrated embodiment,
the barrels are open to the air blower means over their whole
cross-sectional area so that air moves through the barrels over
that whole area, and particulate material is entrained in a stream
moving through that whole area. In other embodiments the barrels
are constricted to control velocity through the barrels (as with an
orifice, at the connection to the air blower means, but more
preferably with a screen or the like that permits fuel and air to
move through the barrel over essentially its whole cross-sectional
area), but before the moving stream reaches the end of the barrels
it has preferably spread to the full cross-sectional area of the
barrels.
Gaseous fuel is conducted from the supply tank 23 through a
pressure regulator 36 and main conduit 37, then through branch
conduits 38 and 39 having needle valves 40 and 41 adjustable from
off to on, and then into the barrels 32, 33. The ends of the branch
conduits 38 and 39 extend into the barrels (as shown in FIG. 4) and
have openings 42 (perpendicular to the moving air stream in this
embodiment) through which the gaseous fuel is drawn into the moving
air stream. Good mixing is achieved before the fuel and air reach
the end of the barrels. The positioning of the ends of the conduits
38 and 39 in the path of the air stream creates a venturi effect
that enhances movement of the particulate into the moving
stream.
The fuel-air mixture moves through the barrels at such a high
velocity that any flame supplied by the fuel-air mixture would be
spaced from the end of the barrels 32, 33, and preferably at such a
high velocity that a flame could not normally be maintained at the
end of the barrel. In the latter case it may be said that the
velocity of the fuel-air mixture is higher than the rate at which a
flame can be propogated back toward the barrels, and therefore the
flame would normally be blown out. To achieve a flame fed by the
fuel-air mixture moving through the barrels 32, 33, a set of
nozzles 43 is provided around the end of the barrels. These nozzles
extend from a manifold 44 which is supplied with a fuel-air mixture
through a feed line 45 that is connected both to the air blower
means 22, and through an adjustable needle valve, 46, to the fuel
line. The gaseous fuel-air mixture moves from the manifold 44 into
the nozzles 43 at a much lower velocity than the fuel-air mixture
moves through the barrels 32, 33. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3,
the burner nozzles 43 have an internal structure 50 that divides
the fuel-gas mixture into three components. The fuel-air mixture
travels through the apertures 51 and 52 so slowly that a flame fed
principally through the central orifice 53 is always maintained
within the nozzles in the area in front of the aperture-defining
structure 50, with the flame extending out of the nozzles to the
fuel-air mixture moving through the barrels 32, 33. The flames from
the nozzles are hereinafter called kindling flames, and the nozzles
are called kindling nozzles, since the flames ignite or kindle the
fuel-air mixture traveling through the barrels 32, 33, which would
otherwise be blown out.
Because of the high velocity of the fuel-air mixture through the
barrels 32, 33, the flame created when the mixture is ignited by
the kindling flames is spaced a finite distance--preferably at
least about 1 inch--from the end of the barrels. The result is that
the barrels are kept cool enough so that the particulate marking
material will not soften and adhere to the inside of the barrels.
In addition, because of the high velocity, the flame impinges on
and heats the paved surface, even though the ends of the barrels
are spaced from the paved surface being marked (to allow the
marking material conducted through the flame to soften and to allow
the stream of marking material to spread).
Sufficient kindling nozzles 43 are arranged around the end of the
barrels 32, 33 so as to keep the fuel-air gas mixture at the end of
the barrels ignited. The kindling nozzles 43 can be integrated into
one or more housings providing one or more continuous ribbon-type
flames around the end of the barrels. But despite integration of
the nozzle structure, the nozzles must be thermally insulated from
the barrels. The nozzles are typically ignited by an electric
lighter (connected to the handle assembly by electric wiring that
is not illustrated) or alternatively by a pilot flame connected to
the gaseous fuel supply.
As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the passageways through the
chute means are preferably straight-line and preferably of constant
diameter to achieve a desired stream of fuel, air, and particulate
marking material. The illustrated barrels are of rather large
cross-sectional diameter (about one square inch or more). The exit
end of the barrels may be shaped, as by the converging of the
adjacent walls of the barrels in the illustrated embodiment, to
control the amount of particulate marking material deposited over
the width of a marking. The chute means can consist of a set of
substantially parallel side-by-side barrels as in the illustrated
embodiment, or of one or more unitary barrels of a wide or oblong
cross-sectional area. In some embodiments of the invention the
barrels are arranged to slightly converge as they near the paved
surface so that the particulate marking material is discharged into
the central portion of the flame emanating from the barrels. Plates
48 shield the flame at the ends of the barrels 32, 33.
In the illustrated embodiment, an air conduit 47 runs from the air
blower means 22 to the supply hopper 28 to apply a positive
pressure above the particulate marking material in the hopper; this
positive air pressure assures that gaseous fuel entering the chute
means 31 from the conduit means 37 does not enter into the hopper
28.
The metering means for the supply hopper 28 of this illustrative
embodiment generally comprises a valve, such as a poppet valve or
butterfly valve, which may be moved between an open and shut
condition by the handle 49. In other embodiments, the valve is
adjustable to allow different amounts of particulate material to be
metered into the chute means 31, the amount metered depending on
such factors as the thickness of marking that is desired and the
rate at which the marking apparatus is to be advanced.
* * * * *