U.S. patent number 3,874,562 [Application Number 05/305,559] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-01 for dispensing closure with pump parts and container using the same.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Polytop Corporation. Invention is credited to Robert E. Hazard.
United States Patent |
3,874,562 |
Hazard |
April 1, 1975 |
DISPENSING CLOSURE WITH PUMP PARTS AND CONTAINER USING THE SAME
Abstract
A deformable container can be utilized with a dispensing closure
having a cap and a rotary spout adapted to be moved between an open
and a closed position as a "pump" so as to exhaust the contents of
the container by utilizing in connection with these parts or
elements a vent extending through the closure, and inlet and outlet
check valves. Preferably the check valves are mounted on a fitment
within the cap so as to serve as a part of the closure itself.
Preferably the vent is closed off by the spout when the spout is in
a closed position.
Inventors: |
Hazard; Robert E. (North
Kingstown, RI) |
Assignee: |
Polytop Corporation
(Slatersville, RI)
|
Family
ID: |
23181287 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/305,559 |
Filed: |
November 10, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/209; 222/211;
222/212; 222/536; D9/573 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
47/305 (20130101); B05B 11/047 (20130101); B05B
11/0094 (20130101); B65D 1/323 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
11/04 (20060101); B05B 11/00 (20060101); B65D
47/30 (20060101); B65D 47/04 (20060101); B65D
1/32 (20060101); B65D 1/00 (20060101); B65d
037/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/209,211,212,484,536,383,529,537 ;417/472 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Tollberg; Stanley H.
Assistant Examiner: Shannon; John P.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: O'Brian; Edward D.
Claims
I claim:
1. In the combination of a deformable container and a dispensing
closure used in removing contents from within said container, said
closure having a cap with an opening extending therethrough and a
spout movably mounted on said cap so as to be capable of being
moved between an open position in which said spout is in
communication with said opening and a closed position in which said
spout seals off said opening, the improvement which comprises:
a vent extending through said closure,
a flow actuated inlet check valve means leading into said container
mounted on said closure in communication with said vent,
said vent and said inlet check valve means serving to permit air to
enter the interior of said container,
a flow actuated outlet check valve means leading from the interior
of said container to said opening mounted on said closure,
a tube means attached to said closure in communication with said
outlet check valve means and leading to the bottom of said
container,
said deformable container being capable of being reduced in
internal dimension when force is applied to it and being capable of
returning to its original dimension when force is no longer applied
to it,
said deformable container and both of said check valve means
cooperating to serve as a pump to dispense the contents of said
container through said tube means, said outlet check valve means
and said spout when said spout is in said open position and to draw
air into said container through said inlet check valve means to
replace the dispensed contents as pressure is applied to said
container and then released,
said spout closing off said vent and said opening when said spout
is in said closed position, said vent being in communication with
the interior of said spout when said spout is in said open
position.
2. A combination as claimed in claim 1 including:
means for holding said spout against inadvertent movement when said
spout is in said closed position.
3. A combination as claimed in claim 1 including:
means for holding said spout so that said spout extends downwardly
and outwardly when in said open position.
4. A combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
both of said check valve means are mounted on said closure so as to
form a part of said closure and are located generally within the
interior of said closure.
5. A combination as claimed in claim 1 including:
a fitment having a surface with at least one port extending
therethrough and having a valve seat formed therein located on said
closure and forming a part of said closure,
said port being in communication with said vent, said valve seat
being in communication with said outlet opening,
two movable valve member means located on said fitment,
one of said means serving to normally seal off said port so as to
define in connection with said port said inlet check valve
means,
the other of said movable means seating against said seat so as to
define in conjunction with said seat said outlet check valve
means.
6. A combination as claimed in claim 5 wherein:
said first movable valve member is an elastomeric member mounted on
said fitment so as to normally cover said port,
said second movable valve member comprises a ball located within
said fitment and constrained against movement by said fitment and
said cap.
7. A combination as claimed in claim 5 including:
said first movable valve member is an elastomeric member mounted on
said fitment so as to normally cover said port,
said second movable valve member comprises a ball located within
said fitment and constrained against movement by said fitment and
said cap,
a tube attached to said fitment extending to the bottom of said
container and placing the bottom of said container in communication
with said outlet check valve means,
said spout fits against said vent so as to close off said vent when
said spout is in said closed position, and
means for holding said spout so that said spout extends downwardly
and outwardly when in said open position,
means for holding said spout against inadvertent movement when said
spout is in said closed position.
8. A dispensing closure having a closure cap with an opening
extending therethrough and a spout movably mounted on said cap so
as to be capable of being moved between an open position in which
said spout is in communication with said opening and a closed
position in which said spout seals off said opening, in which the
improvement comprises:
a vent extending through said cap,
a flow actuated inlet check valve means mounted on said cap within
the interior of said cap and having an inlet in communication with
said vent, said inlet check valve means leading into the interior
of said cap,
a flow actuated outlet check valve means mounted on said cap within
the interior of said cap and having an outlet in communication with
said opening, said outlet check valve means leading from the
interior of said cap to said opening,
said spout closing off said vent and said opening when said spout
is in said closed position, said vent being open to the exterior of
said cap and said opening being in communication with the interior
of said spout when said spout is in said open position,
means for attaching a tube to said cap so that said tube is in
communication with said outlet check valve means within the
interior of said cap,
said closure being capable of being used with a deformable
container as a pump.
9. A dispensing closure having a closure cap with an opening
extending therethrough and a spout movably mounted on said cap so
as to be capable of being moved between an open position in which
said spout is in communication with said opening and a closed
position in which said spout seals off said opening, in which the
improvement comprises:
a vent extending through said closure, said vent being sealed by
said spout when said spout is in said closed position,
an inlet check valve means mounted on said cap within the interior
of said cap in communication with said vent,
an outlet check valve means mounted on said cap within the interior
of said cap in communication with said opening,
said vent and said both of said check valve means enabling said
closure to be utilized in connection with a deformable container as
a pump,
a fitment having a surface with at least one port extending
therethrough and having a valve seat formed therein located on said
closure so that said valve seat is in communication with said
opening and said port is in communication with said vent,
a flexible member capable of fitting against said surface and
capable of bending away from said surface when pressure is applied
to it and then moving against said surface so as to form a seal
therewith when air pressure is no longer applied to it located on
said fitment so as to engage said surface,
said surface and said flexible member serving as said inlet check
valve means and permitting air to be drawn through said cap into
the interior of said closure,
a ball capable of being moved within said fitment located within
said fitment so as to be capable of normally seating against said
valve seat,
said ball and said valve seat constituting said outlet check valve
means and permitting the contents of a container to be dispensed
out through said cap through said spout,
resilient latch means for holding said spout in said closed
position, and
means for holding said spout so that said spout extends downwardly
and outwardly when in said open position.
10. A dispensing closure as claimed in claim 9 wherein:
said cap has a dependent skirt,
said spout is rotatably mounted on said skirt so as to be spaced
from the top of said skirt, and including
means for holding said spout so that it extends outwardly and
downwardly from said skirt when said spout is in said open
position.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Robert E. Hazard patent application Ser. No. 305,487 filed Nov. 10,
1972, entitled "Dispensing Closure With Spout Mounted in Closure
Skirt".
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The term "dispensing closure" is at present commonly utilized to
designate closures having a closure cap which is intended to be
mounted upon a container or formed integrally with a container and
having a spout movably mounted on the cap so as to be capable of
being moved between opened and closed positions. When such a spout
is in an open position a passage within it is in communication with
an opening through the cap and when the spout is in a closed
position it serves to seal off this opening. These dispensing
closures are most commonly manufactured as two-part structures
using materials such as common polyolefins enabling these parts to
be snapped together by a procedure involving temporary material
deformation. Many millions of these closures are made and sold
annually.
Many of these dispensing closures are utilized in connection with
so-called "squeeze bottles." Such squeeze bottles are deformable
containers manufactured of vinyl or polyolefin compositions so as
to be of such a character that when pressure or force is applied to
them that their internal capacity will be reduced and are of such a
character that when such pressure or force is release their
internal capacities revert to what they were before pre-sure was
applied to them. Such deformable containers are considered highly
preferable in packaging many types of products because they are
relatively unbreakable and because their costs are essentially
nominal.
As conventional dispensing closures have been used on such
containers, it has been necessary to invert these containers when
these closures are in an open position and then to squeeze these
containers so as to force their contents out through these
closures. On occasion, such closures have been connected to tubes
extending from them to the bottoms of containers. When such tubes
have been employed it has not been necessary to invent containers
as indicated in order to dispense the contents of these
containers.
Although this "squeeze" mechanism of dispensing container contents
is closely related to a pumping action it is not technically a
pumping action. This can be illustrated by considering that when a
dispensing closure is used on a squeeze container and that when
such a container is at least partially collapsed and is then
released so as to resume its original configuration a partial
vacuum will be created within the interior of the container. This
vacuum will tend to draw back into the container any contents
within a dispensing closure and/or a tube as indicated. Such a
partial vacuum will also tend to draw air back into the container.
As a result of these factors, as a container as indicated is
subsequently squeezed or collapsed in volume this action will not
directly and immediately deliver the contents of the container
through the closure used. This can be somewhat flustrating and
inconvenient.
Because of this type of thing a number of manufacturers utilize
pump structures on comparatively large containers. Frequently such
a pump structure is mounted upon a conventional closure type of
cap. Such a pump structure normally incorporates the conventional
pump elements of inlet and outlet check valves and a piston or a
diaphragm or the like capable of being manipulated so as to actuate
the pump structure. Normally, such a piston or the equivalent is of
an undesirable size. Because of this size, problems are frequently
encountered in packaging and in stacking containers utilizing such
pump structures.
Normally such a piston or the like or its associated structure to
be operative has to extend from or be exposed to the surface of a
package in such a way that it is apt to be damaged during normal
handling and various related operations. Further, when a
conventional pump is used on a container there is always a
significant danger of individuals actuating such a pump on a
display shelf unless specialized, separate means are used in
connection with the pump to discourage this.
As a consequence of this type of thing and the costs of separate
pump structures, it is considered that the use of conventional
pumps on many types of products such as cosmetic products is
undesirable. However, pumps are frequently utilized on
comparatively large sized containers for a number of products
because of their ability of being able to dispense a product
without the container for the product being lifted. It is common
for manufacturers to utilize dispensing closures on comparatively
small containers for a product and to utilize such pumps on larger
containers of the same product even though this is not desired from
an aesthetic point of view. These aesthetic factors normally cause
manufacturers to want all packages or containers for a product to
have essentially the same generalized appearance even though such
containers may differ from one another as to size.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
From a consideration of the aforegoing it will be realized that
there is a need for dispensing closures which can be utilized in
combination with deformable containers to replace the use of
complete pumps or pump-type structures as have been utilized with
various types of containers. A broad objective of the present
invention is to satisfy this need.
A more specific objective of the present invention is to provide
dispensing closures which can be utilized in conjunction with
deformable containers and with inlet and outlet check valve means
so that the combination of these elements constitutes what in
effect is a pump. A further objective of the invention is to
provide dispensing closures in which these valve means are
incorporated within the closure itself as an integral part of the
closure so that the closure may be handled in essentially the same
manner as any other closure during capping and related
operations.
Further objectives of this invention are to provide dispensing
closures as indicated for use in dispensing a product which are
comparatively inexpensive to manufacture, and assemble, which are
comparatively inexpensive, which are comparatively easy to install
and use upon a deformable container, which are of such a character
as to be desirable from aesthetic and other related considerations,
which facilitate stacking of capped containers, which do not
present any significant shipment or related problems, which may be
easily and conveniently used and which are effective for their
intended purposes.
The invention is also directed to what may be considered as new and
improved pump structures in which such dispensing closures and the
deformable containers cooperate together to define complete
packages capable of serving as pumps which do not utilize as any
separate element or elements corresponding to a conventional
piston, a deformable diaphragm or the like.
In accordance with this invention these and various related
objectives of the invention are achieved in the combination of a
deformable container and a dispensing closure for such a container
having a cap with an opening extending therethrough and a spout
movably mounted on said cap so as to be capable of being moved
between an open position in which the spout is in communication
with the opening and a closed position in which the spout seals off
the opening of a structure including a vent extending through the
closure and inlet and outlet check valve means positioned as
hereinafter described so that force may be applied to the
deformable container in order to obtain a pumping action serving to
dispense the container contents through the spout. Preferably, such
a closure is capable of being sold as a separate article
incorporating these check valve means so that it can be utilized on
a conventional deformable container without modification of such a
container.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The invention encompasses many more features and details than can
be specifically indicated in a summary of its principle features as
indicated in the preceding. Further details as to the invention are
best indicated with reference to the remainder of this
specification, the appended claims and the accompanying drawing in
which:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a presently preferred embodiment or
form of a dispensing closure in accordance with this invention used
in combination with a conventionally constructed deformable
container;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view taken at line 2--2 of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2
showing the spout used in this closure in an open position; and
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view enlarging a part of
FIG. 2.
The accompanying drawing is primarily intended to clearly
illustrate for explanatory purposes several structures embodying
the essentially intangible concepts of the invention set forth and
defined in the appended claims. Through the use of routine skill in
the dispensing closure industry it is possible to utilize these
concepts in a number of different ways in connection with both
closures and packages which are significantly different from the
closure and the container illustrated both as to appearance and
construction. For this reason the illustrated structures and the
description of them embodied in this specification are not to be
taken as limiting this invention as it is set forth in the
claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In FIG. 1 of the drawing there is shown a complete package 10 in
accordance with this invention which includes in combination a
container 12 and a dispensing closure 14. This container 12 is of
conventional "squeeze bottle" character and is formed so that its
side walls 16 may be pushed towards one another when force is
applied through manual manipulation so as to reduce the internal
volume within the container 12. This container 12 is also of such
character that when the pressure applied in this manner is released
it will return to its initial configuration due to the inherent
resiliency of the material within it. This container 12 may
conveniently be formed of a known vinyl composition, a known
polyolefin composition or the like.
As the container 12 is formed it preferably includes an extended
top cylindrical neck 18 having an end 20 and having a surrounding
conventional bead 22. This bead 22 is intended to mate with a
corresponding bead 24 on a sub-skirt 26 formed on a cap part 15 of
the closure 14 so as to depend from a top 28 of this cap 15. The
particular cap 15 illustrated is set forth in detail in the
aforenoted Hazard U.S. patent application entitled, "Dispensing
Closure with Spout Mounted in Closure Skirt." The entire disclosure
of this co-pending application is incorporated herein by
reference.
This cap 15 includes a principal skirt 30 dependent from the top 28
which is adapted to fit against the container 12 so as to cover a
shoulder 32 on this container 12 and a peripheral lengthwise groove
34 extending generally between the top 28 and the shoulder 32. The
groove 34 does not extend through the top 28 and the container 12
is formed so that a lip 36 on a rotatable spout 38 may be engaged
from beneath the skirt 30 so that this spout 38 may be rotated from
a closed position as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2 to an open position
as indicated in FIG. 3.
This spout 38 carries aligned trunnions 40 which are adapted to be
snapped through restricted entrances 42 into bearing openings 44 as
described in the Wilson et al U.S. Pat. No. 2,793,795. It is also
to be understood that the spout 38 can be movably mounted in other
manners. Certain of these are indicated in the aforenoted
co-pending application. The spout 38 may be mounted as indicated so
that friction alone will serve to hold it in an open position as
shown in FIG. 3. However, preferably the spout 38 includes on its
base 46 a projection 48 engaging the undersurface of the top 28 so
that as a result of temporary material deformation this spout 38
can only be rotated between two positions with difficulty and so
that this projection 48 will engage the top 38 so as to serve to
hold the spout 38 in an open position as indicated in FIG. 3.
In this position, the spout 38 extends outwardly and downwardly
from the skirt 30 so that it can be conveniently utilized to
deliver the contents of the container 12 into a hand or receptacle
located adjacent to the package 10 as this package 10 is used in
its intended manner. Because of the operation of the projection 48
serving to hold the spout 38 in an open position as indicated this
projection 48 and the top 28 may be considered as essentially a
holding means or a detent means for holding the spout 38 in an
intended open position.
When the spout 38 is in such an open position the base 46 is
located so that the passage 50 in the spout 38 is in communication
with a horizontally extending opening 52 in the cap 15. Normally a
conventionally known sealing ring 54 will be located on the cap 15
around the opening 52 so that a seal will be formed at all times
between the base 46 and the cap 15. This cap 15 also includes an
internal cylindrical chamber 56 in communication with the opening
52. The bottom of this chamber 56 is defined by a cylindrical end
portion 58 of larger diameter than the remainder of the chamber
56.
It will be noted that there is an annular channel 60 extending
around this portion 58 between it and the sub-skirt 26. When the
spout 38 is in other than a closed position as indicated in FIG. 2
of the drawing, this channel 60 is in communication with the
exterior of the closure 14 through a small vent 62 leading from the
bottom of the groove 34 to the channel 60. Thus, when the spout 38
is in an open position as shown in FIG. 3 of the drawing, this vent
62 is opened. In order to effectively seal this vent 62 when the
spout 38 is closed it is preferred to form in the bottom of the
groove 34 around it a small valve seat 64 and to locate upon the
spout 38 a projection 66 serving as a valve member to mate against
the seat 64 so as to seal it.
Normally the spout 38 will be "latched" in a closed position in
which the projection 66 is seated and sealed at the valve seat 64
because of the action of the projection 48 with respect to the top
28 as indicated in the preceding discussion. Normally this latching
action will be reinforced by the end 68 of the spout 38 adjacent to
the lip 36 poping over a small upstanding bump 70 located on an end
wall 72 on the cap part 15. However, this bump 70 or an equivalent
structure can if desired by omitted.
In the interest of clarity it should be pointed out that the cap
part 15 and the spout 38 as described to this point in the
specification can be separately utilized as a dispensing closure in
accordance with known or conventional practice. Normally for such
utilization the vent 62 and the valve seat 64 and the projection 66
are omitted when the cap part 15 and the spout 38 are used as a
dispensing closure. The present invention is not directly concerned
with the details of such a "separate" closure using only the cap 15
and the spout 38 which are considered to make it desirable.
Instead, the present invention is primarily concerned with parts
which are added to such a cap part 15 and the spout 38 so as to
create what is defined herein as the complete dispensing closure 14
and to the utilization of such a complete dispensing closure 14 in
combination with the container 12. It is to be understood that
various subsequently described parts either directly or through
routine design modification can be utilized with some other
complete dispensing closures constructed utilizing functional
equivalents of the cap part 15 and the spout 38.
In what is described herein as a complete dispensing closure 14 is
a fitment 74 which is utilized with the cap part 15. This fitment
74 includes a central cylindrical body 76 which is adapted to fit
closely within the plug 58 so as to be held in position by friction
in communication with the chamber 56. Conventional equivalents of
friction may be used to hold the fitment 74 in position. The lower
part of this body 76 carries a tapered, conical valve seat 78
leading to a centrally located cylindrical extension 80. This
extension 80 is adapted to frictionally hold an extending tube 82
which leads to the bottom of a container 12. It is possible to form
the tube 82 as a part of the extension 80, but this is not normally
desired for economic reasons.
Around the body 76 adjacent to the middle of this body 76 there is
located an outwardly extending flange 84. At least one opening or
port 86 extends through this flange 84 so as to place the interior
of the channel 60 in communication with the interior of the closure
14 and the container 12. Preferably this flange 84 is formed as
shown so as to seat against the end 20 and so as to have a shoulder
88 which mates and seats against a corresponding shoulder 90 on the
sub-skirt 26. The body 76 also includes a peripheral groove 92 into
which a small, flat rubber or similar washer 94 may be snapped in
such a manner that this washer 94 normally fits against the flange
84 so as to form a seal therewith covering any openings 86
used.
It is to be noted that the periphery of the washer 94 is spaced
slightly from the interior of the neck 18 so as to be capable of
flexing during the operation of the closure 14. Thus, this washer
94 acts essentially as a movable valve member. A common ball 96
acting as a similar valve member is located within the interior of
the body 76 in a position in which gravity will normally hold it
against the valve seat 78. The ball 96 and the seat 78 constitute a
check valve-- more specifically an outlet check valve--through
which the contents of the container 12 must pass during a
dispensing operation. The washer 94 and the flange 84 in effect
constitute a similar check valve--in this case an inlet check
valve--through which air must pass during the use of the closure 14
in combination with the container 12.
Normally small temporarily deformable bumps 98 will be located on
the interior of the body 76 adjacent to the upper end of this body
76. These bumps 98 are of such a dimension and are spaced so as to
be capable of being deformed during assembly so that the ball 96
can be "poped" into place in such a manner that it will not fall
out during handling or use. This ball 96 is of course slightly
smaller in diameter than the interior of the body 76. During use
the ball will be retained in this body by these bumps 98. If
desired, the flange 84 may be provided with a dependent plug 100
adapted to fit closely within the interior of the neck 18 so as to
form a seal in connection with this neck.
The use of the described structure is essentially very simple. When
the complete package 10 is to be employed the spout 38 is moved to
an open position as shown in FIG. 3. Thereafter, the walls 16 may
be pushed together. This will cause a decrease in the capacity of
the container 12, forcing the contents of the container 12 up
through the tube 82. As this occurs the ball 96 will be lifted off
of the seat 78 and such contents will flow into the chamber 56 and
then into the opening 52 and finally out through the spout 38.
When the pressure on the walls 16 is released the container 12 will
resume its initial configuration, enlarging the available space
within this container 12. As this occurs the ball 96 will move
against the seat 78 so that there is no further flow past it.
During such reversion of the container 12 to its initial
configuration, air will be drawn in through the vent 62 and the
channel 60 through the openings 86 and the washer 94 will flex to a
sufficient extent to permit this air flow.
When the walls 16 are again squeezed so as to be deformed the cycle
of operations will again be carried out. During the partial
collapsing of the container 12 any air within this container 12
will be compressed to some extent. During such compression any of
the container contents elevated to the height of the opening 52
will tend to drain out through the spout 38.
This mode of operation of the complete package 10 is considered to
make it possible to achieve results not previously achieved in a
satisfactory manner through the use of a dispensing closure. This
can be illustrated in several different ways. Because of the
effective dispensing action achieved, it is possible to locate
within the spout 38 an internal spray structure 102 positioned
within the passage 50 adjacent to the end 68. This structure 102 is
shaped in the conventional manner of a spray nozzle; when a
complete package 10 including this optional structure 102 is used,
an effective spray can be obtained.
It is also possible to modify the closure 14 in various different
ways so that when the closure is operated a mixture of container
contents and air is dispensed. Such a modification can be
accomplished by utilizing one or more small air openings in the
fitment 74 which will bypass or extend around the tube 82 so that a
restricted amount of air in the top of the container 12 will be
ejected from the complete package 10 when the contents of this
container are dispensed. Preferably any such passage should bypass
or be located in parallel with the valve seat 78.
The invention is quite important in enabling the contents of a
container to be dispensed without a container being moved off of a
shelf or the like and/or without utilizing in connection with a
container all of the normal, separate, essential pump elements. It
is considered highly significant that a pump-type action has been
achieved in the package 10 with essentially a flat top being
provided on the package 10 so as to facilitate store stacking and
the like.
It is also considered significant that with the package 10 the
spout 38 serves to "seal" the package in a broad sense of the term
so that material will not be dispensed from the package 10 until
the spout 38 is opened, even though minor pressure may be applied
to the container 12 during handling or the like. It is further
considered significant in that the described package 10 contains no
exposed parts located where they may be damaged during handling and
the like.
* * * * *