U.S. patent number 3,874,538 [Application Number 05/456,307] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-01 for restraint for conveyorized trailers and the like.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Fruehauf Corporation. Invention is credited to John E. Getz, Eugene S. Kessler.
United States Patent |
3,874,538 |
Kessler , et al. |
April 1, 1975 |
Restraint for conveyorized trailers and the like
Abstract
A vehicle-mounted roller conveyor has three parallel sets of
rollers with two aisles therebetween. A restraining member in each
aisle movable laterally and downwardly is biased to a raised
position in which it is interengageable with the side of a
container which overlies only two of the sets of rollers. If a
container completely overlies the aisle itself, an inclined
actuating shoe engageable by the container moves the restraining
members out of the way.
Inventors: |
Kessler; Eugene S. (Westland,
MI), Getz; John E. (Grosse Pointe Farms, MI) |
Assignee: |
Fruehauf Corporation (Detroit,
MI)
|
Family
ID: |
23812239 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/456,307 |
Filed: |
March 29, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
414/507;
244/137.1; 414/514; 198/721; 410/92 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60P
1/52 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B60P
1/00 (20060101); B60P 1/52 (20060101); B60p
001/64 () |
Field of
Search: |
;214/516 ;296/35A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Friaglia; Leo
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Harness, Dickey & Pierce
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a conveyorized vehicle having a conveyor system thereon along
which cargo members of different widths are movable, cargo
restraining means carried by the vehicle in areas between spaced
elements of the conveyor system and spaced from both sides of such
system, said restraining means including a restraining element
movable between a raised holding position in which it projects
above the top plane of the conveyor system and a depressed position
below such plane, means biasing said element to the raised
position, and an actuating shoe for the restraining element
engageable by a cargo member which extends laterally thereover in
bridging relation thereto while resting on the conveyor, to move
the restraining means down to the retracted position, and whereby
at other times said element is raised and is thereby effective to
extend upwardly beside and restrain a cargo member which lies to
one side of such bridging position.
2. Cargo restraining means as defined in claim 1 wherein the shoe
has downwardly inclined camming portions engageable by a cargo
member moving into the position corresponding to such bridging
relation to effect such downward movement of the restraining
element, and said shoe also has laterally inclined camming portions
for guiding such a cargo member to a desired position to one side
of the restraining element.
3. Cargo restraining means as defined in claim 1 wherein said
restraining element is a hook-like member movable laterally as well
as upwardly when moving to the raised holding position whereby it
may overlie part of a cargo member to restrain upward movement
thereof.
4. Cargo restraining means as defined in claim 2 wherein said
restraining element is a hook-like member movable laterally as well
as upwardly when moving to the raised holding position whereby it
may overlie part of a cargo member to restrain upward movement
thereof.
5. Cargo restraining means as defined in claim 1 wherein the
restraining element is movable laterally as well as upwardly and is
effective to restrain unwanted vertical movement of a cargo member
lying to one side thereof, and laterally facing abutment portions
carried by the shoe for restraining unwanted lateral movement of
such a cargo member.
6. Cargo restraining means as defined in claim 2 wherein the
restraining element is movable laterally as well as upwardly and is
effective to restrain unwanted vertical movement of a cargo member
lying to one side thereof, and laterally facing abutment portions
carried by the shoe for restraining unwanted lateral movement of
such a cargo member.
7. In a conveyorized vehicle of the type having at least three
longitudinally extending coplanar conveyor portions with aisles
therebetween, cargo restraining means in each aisle, each of said
restraining means including a restraining element movable between a
raised holding position in which it projects above the top plane of
the conveyor portions and a depressed position below such plane,
and an actuating shoe for each such restraining element engageable
by a cargo member which is resting upon two or more of the conveyor
portions in bridging relation to the intermediate aisle, to move
said restraining means in such intermediate aisle to the retracted
position.
8. Cargo restraining means as defined in claim 1 including a frame,
said restraining element comprising a hook-like member journaled in
the frame on an axis below the conveyor top plane, the actuating
shoe also being journaled in the frame, means operatively
connecting the shoe to the hook-like member, and means biasing the
restraining element to the raised position.
9. Cargo restraining means as defined in claim 8 including a
subframe assembly secured to the vehicle and defining said frame,
the biasing means also being carried by said frame, the means
connecting the shoe to the hook-like member comprising an arm
attached to the shoe and directly engaging the interior of the
hook-like member.
10. Cargo restraining means as defined in claim 8 in which the
actuating shoe is also biased upwardly to a raised position, the
shoe having cammable surfaces inclined downwardly from a central
portion thereof, the shoe when in the raised position having its
central portion above such plane and the cammable surfaces being
inclined downwardly therefrom in opposite directions longitudinally
of the conveyor portions.
11. Cargo restraining means as defined in claim 9 in which the
actuating shoe is also biased upwardly to a raised position, the
shoe having cammable surfaces inclined downwardly from a central
portion thereof, the shoe when in the raised position having its
central portion above such plane and the cammable surfaces being
inclined downwardly therefrom in opposite directions longitudinally
of the conveyor portions.
12. Cargo restraining means as defined in claim 1 including means
for moving the shoe and restraining element downwardly to depressed
position comprising an actuator therefore carried by the vehicle at
a position remote from the cargo restraining means.
13. Cargo restraining means as defined by claim 9 including means
for moving the shoe and restraining element downwardly to depressed
position comprising an actuator therefore carried by the vehicle at
a position remote from the cargo restraining means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Rapid handling and transferring of containerized and palletized
cargo at air terminals and specialized air freight facilities makes
it increasingly desirable to use vehicles having power-driven
conveyors mounted thereon. Containers of varying widths, and
containers oriented differently on the conveyor system, may overlie
less than the full width of the conveyor system. It is nevertheless
necessary to restrain all such containers against shifting while
the vehicle is in motion. The present invention has as its object
to provide improved restraining apparatus which effectively
restrains containers which occupy less than the full width of the
conveyor system, but which is automatically moved to a
non-interfering position by a container of greater width or which
must occupy the same area as the restraining apparatus itself.
Related objects are to provide restraining means of the indicated
character which is simple, rugged and positive in operation,
compact, light in weight and low in cost.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent upon
consideration of the present disclosure in its entirety.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a conveyorized semi-trailer with
cargo containers thereon and typifying an environment in which the
invention is adapted to be used;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view on a larger scale showing
the improved restraining means and adjacent portions of the vehicle
and conveyor system;
FIG. 3 is a sectional elevational view taken substantially as
indicated by the line III--III in FIG. 2 and looking in the
direction of the arrows, showing the improved restraining means as
viewed from the rear and in raised position, also fragmentarily
showing a portion of a cargo container restrained thereby;
FIG. 4 is a view taken on the same line showing the restraining
unit in retracted position; and
FIG. 5 is a top plan view thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED FORM OF THE INVENTION
Reference character 10 designates generally a semi-trailer
illustrated as typifying a vehicle in connection with which the
invention is adapted to be used. The semi-trailer has a flat bed
containing three parallel lines of conveyor rollers, generally
designated 11, 12 and 13, extending lengthwise thereof. The rollers
15 may be of conventional construction and are freely journaled in
suitable longitudinal frame rails as 16, 17, 18 of the vehicle. The
three lines of conveyor rollers are spaced apart to provide two
longitudinal aisles 24, 25 therebetween. As shown in FIG. 2 the
aisles may be provided with walkway gratings as 27 and similar
gratings may of course be installed between the rollers, if
desired.
The aisles accommodate conveyor chain 30 and hook-like components
(not shown) attached thereto for moving cargo along the rollers.
Such actuating means form no part of the present invention and the
details thereof need not be considered herein.
Containers, pallets and the like with which this apparatus is
intended to be used are provided with laterally extending bottom
flanges, one of which is shown at 33 in FIG. 3, and such cargo
containers, pallets and the like are constructed in transverse
dimensions which are standardized to the extent that they are
either approximately two-thirds the width of the vehicle, or the
full width of the vehicle.
Carried by each of the longitudinal side rails 16, 21 of the
vehicle are guard rails 34, 35 which prevent lateral movement of
cargo members off of the bed. The guard rails 34, 35 are carried by
posts 36 welded to the side frame rails. The posts have inturned
top hook portions 38 adapted to overengage the flanges 33 of the
cargo members.
Containers and the like which are of less than the full width, such
as the container 40 shown in FIG. 1, are always placed in
engagement with one or the other of the side rails 34, 35, so that
top hook portions 38 overengage the bottom flange along the outer
side, and at such time the other end of the base of the
standardized part-width container overlies the farther aisle (aisle
25, as shown in FIG. 1) while a mid portion of the bottom of the
container overlies the other aisle (24).
In each of the aisles, at suitably longitudinally spaced positions,
restraining assemblies are installed in wells 65 in the aisleways
as by being welded to the frame structure of the vehicle. As all of
the restraining assemblies are alike, description of one will
suffice. Each assembly includes a hook-like restraining member 42
biased upwardly and inwardly, toward the opposite aisle, in such
manner that the container bottom flange farthest from the side rail
which the container abuts will slide under the restraining hook 42
as the container is moved along the conveyor system, and will be
restrained thereby when the container is at rest.
The restraining hook 42 is pivoted on a longitudinally extending
pin 44. An arm 45 fixed with respect to the hook 42 is urged by a
tension spring 46 in a direction to rock the hook upwardly and
inwardly, the farther end of the spring 46 being engaged in an
abutment portion 48 carried by the frame 52 of the restraining
mechanism. The pin 44 is mounted in the side walls of the
restraining mechanism frame 52, which is U-shaped when viewed in
plan, as in FIG. 5.
The frame 52 carries at a position spaced laterally from pin 44 a
second pivot pin 54 serving as a pivotal mounting for a shoe
assembly generally designated 55 having top tapered portions
generally designated 50, 51 at each end. The tapered portions
include top sloping surfaces 56, 57, which incline downwardly from
the central portion of the shoe, and front sloping surfaces 58, 59,
which incline laterally away from the centerline of the vehicle as
they diverge from the central portion of the shoe. The shoe
assembly has a centrally relieved area 60 to provide clearance for
the restraining hook 42, arm 45 and related parts, the relieved
area being bridged by a bar 62 fast in the two end portions 56, 58
and extending through and close to the interior of the hook portion
42 as best shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The relationship between the
path of movement of the bar 62 as the shoe assembly swings about
the axis of pin 54, and the shape and arc of movement of the hook
42 are such that when the shoe assembly is forced downwardly, the
bar 62 in moving from the raised position in which the parts are
shown in FIG. 3 to the lowered position of FIG. 4 swings the hook
outwardly away from the container flange 33 and downwardly to the
retracted position in which the hook lies entirely below the top
plane of the rollers 15. When the shoe is elevated, its central
portion projects above the top plane of the rollers, as shown, but
the tapered end portions incline downwardly toward the front and
rear to an elevation below such plane.
A part-width container such as the container 40 is so placed on the
trailer bed that it closely abuts one of the rails 34, 35 (left
rail 34 when oriented as shown). It then completely overlies one
aisle (left aisle 24, as shown). As it rides toward the front or
rear of the trailer, the bottom of the container engages the
sloping shoe portions 56 and 57 of the restraining mechanisms
contained in aisle 24, thereby automatically moving the restraining
hooks 42 thereof downwardly out of the way into the well area 65 in
which the restraining assemblies are installed. The end of the base
portion of the container 40 which is over the aisle 25, however,
will be positioned so that its bottom flange 33 will slide under
the hook portions 42 of the raised restraining mechanisms in the
aisle 25. The restraining mechanisms are spaced closely enough so
that when the container comes to rest, the flange will be overlaid
by at least one of the hooks 42, while its opposite outer flange
will also be overengaged by one of the holding portions 38.
If the container is positioned too far from the side of the vehicle
to properly underengage the hooks 42, the front sloping surfaces 58
or 59 will cam the container into proper alignment.
When the shoe and hook parts are in raised position to confine a
part-width container, the container is confined against lateral
displacement by the outer rail as 34 along its outer side, and by
the integral nose wall portions 66, 68 of the central area of the
shoe along its other side.
It is sometimes desirable to move a shoe and its hook 42 to their
depressed/released positioning, to enable lifting a container
upwardly off the vehicle, as for example by means of a fork lift
truck, crane or the like. To enable a workman to depress the shoe
in a convenient manner, and thereby retract the hook 42, a crank
arm 72 is provided, fast on a rock shaft 74 which extends to and is
operable by a handle 75 at the side of the vehicle, the crank arm
being connected to the shoe 55 by a tension member 76 such as a
link, cable or chain, and the parts being arranged so that rotation
of the handle pulls the shoe down against its biasing spring 46,
thereby also retracting hook 42.
The rock shaft may as shown extend transversely of the vehicle
through frame members as 16, 17 in which it is journaled, and from
the former of which it projects to the exterior where it carries
the handle 75 at a convenient location beside the vehicle. The
shaft and crank arm 72 are positioned and proportioned so that the
free end of the arm lies under the shoe, to which it is connected
by the tension member 76, which is illustrated as a cable.
Although such a release means may be provided for each shoe, a
release for only one shoe in each aisle will often be all that is
desired, if it is practical simply to move the containers to the
manually releasable unit when lifting off is required.
The rock shaft may also extend entirely across the vehicle and be
similarly connected to aligned shoes in both aisles.
In order to lift the container with the hook retracted, it is of
course merely necessary to shift it slightly away from the side, to
free it from the fixed hook means 38.
A protective shield 70 is provided in the well 65 to prevent
interference between any of the parts, such as the conveyor chain
mechanism 30, and the restraining mechanism.
This Detailed Description of Preferred Form of the Invention, and
the accompanying drawings, have been furnished in compliance with
the statutory requirement to set forth the best mode contemplated
by the inventors of carrying out the invention. The prior portions
consisting of the "Abstract of the Disclosure" and the "Background
of the Invention" are furnished without prejudice to comply with
administrative requirements of the Patent Office.
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