U.S. patent number 3,874,445 [Application Number 05/423,923] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-01 for multiple valve pocket mandrel and apparatus for installing and removing flow control devices therefrom.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Camco, Incorporated. Invention is credited to Ben D. Terral.
United States Patent |
3,874,445 |
Terral |
April 1, 1975 |
Multiple valve pocket mandrel and apparatus for installing and
removing flow control devices therefrom
Abstract
A sidepocket mandrel, for use in a well tubing, having more than
one valve pocket. The valve pockets may include various positioned
ports such as ports leading exteriorly of the mandrel, ports
leading interiorly to the mandrel, ports extending between the
valve pockets, and ports extending further downhole. The ports
allow greater versatility so that the mandrel can provide various
types of services for different types of downhole operations. An
apparatus for selectively installing and removing various types of
flow control devices into and from one of the valve pockets.
Inventors: |
Terral; Ben D. (Houston,
TX) |
Assignee: |
Camco, Incorporated (Houston,
TX)
|
Family
ID: |
23680724 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/423,923 |
Filed: |
December 12, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
166/117.5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B
23/03 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E21B
23/03 (20060101); E21B 23/00 (20060101); E21b
023/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;166/117.5,117.6 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Leppink; James A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fulbright & Jaworski
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A mandrel for use in a well tubing comprising,
a mandrel body including upper and lower connecting means for
connecting the mandrel in a well tubing,
said body including an open bore therethrough for communication
with the well tubing,
and
a plurality of flow control device receiving pockets offset
frelative to the open bore, said pockets positioned side by side to
each other.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 including,
port means in the side of the pockets extending of the mandrel,
and
port means in the bottom of the pockets leading exteriorly of the
mandrel.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 including,
interconnecting port means between said pockets intermediate the
ends of said pockets.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 including,
interconnecting port means between said pockets intermediate the
ends of said pockets.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 including,
port means in the side of the pockets extending interiorly of the
mandrel, and
port means in the bottom of the pockets leading exteriorly of the
mandrel.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 including,
interconnecting port means between said pockets intermediate the
ends of said pockets.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 including,
port means in the side of the pockets extending exteriorly of the
mandrel,
port means in the bottom of the pockets extending interiorly of the
mandrel, and
interconnecting port means between said pockets intermediate the
ends of said pockets.
8. A mandrel for use in a well tubing comprising,
a mandrel body including upper and lower connecting means for
connecting the mandrel in a well tubing,
said body including an open bore aligned with the connecting means
for alignment with the well tubing,
a plurality of flow control device receiving pockets offset from
the open bore, said pockets positioned side by side to each other,
and
an orientation sleeve mounted in the bore having a longitudinal
orientation slot.
9. The combination of claim 8 of a flow control handling apparatus
adapted for use in placing a flow control device in or removing a
flow control device from one of the pockets comprising,
a support body adapted to be moved in the mandrel,
a shifting tool pivotally supported from the support body and
adapted to support a flow control device,
an orientation key pivotally secured to the body, said key
engagable with the orientation slot for radially orientating the
body for directing the flow control handling device toward one of
said pockets,
means for selectively connecting the key to the body in a
predetermined radially spaced relationship for selectively
orientating the flow control device toward the desired pocket,
releasing means on said body for initially holding the shifting
tool aligned in the main bore, and
shifting means connected to the shifting tool for shifting the
shifting tool over the selected pocket when the releasing means is
released.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the means for selectively
connecting the key to said body includes a plurality of radially
spaced windows in the outer periphery of the body through which the
key may be selectively positioned.
11. A flow control handling apparatus adapted for use in placing a
flow control device in or removing a flow conntrol device from a
well mandrel having a plurality of flow control device receiving
pockets and including an orientation sleeve having a longitudinal
orientation slot, positioned in a predetermined radially spaced
relationship relative to said pockets, comprising,
a body adapted to support a flow control handling device,
an orientating key adapted to be connected to the body and
engagable with the orientation slot for radially orientating the
body for directing the flow control handling device toward one of
said pockets,
means for selectively connecting the key to said body in a
predetermined radially spaced relationship for selectively
orientating the flow control handling device toward the desired
pocket.
12. A flow control handling apparatus adapted for use in placing a
flow control device in or removing a flow control device from a
well mandrel having a plurality of flow control device receiving
pockets and including an orientation sleeve having a longitudinal
orientation slot positioned in a predetermined radially spaced
relationship to said pockets comprising,
a support body adapted to be used in the mandrel,
a movable body carried by and longitudinally movable relative to
the support body,
an orientation key pivotally connected to the movable body,
means for selectively connecting the key to the support body in a
predetermined radially spaced relationship for selectively
orientating the flow control device toward the desired pocket,
a shifting tool pivotally supported from the support body and
adapted to support a flow control handling device,
releasing means on said movable body initially holding the shifting
tool aligned in the bore but releasable on movement of the movable
body relative to the support body,
and
shifting means connected to the shifting tool for shifting the
shifting tool into the selected sidepocket when the releasing means
is released.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the means for selectively
connecting the key to the body includes a plurality of radially
spaced windows in the outer periphery of the body through which the
key may be selectively positioned.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a well mandrel having a plurality
of valve pockets and apparatus for installing and removing flow
control devices into and from the pockets.
Generally, it is old, as disclosed in patent application Ser. No.
95,408, filed Dec. 4, 1970 entitled "Apparatus for Installing and
Removing Flow Valves," to provide a mandrel having an offset
sidepocket and an apparatus for installing and removing flow
control devices therein. The present invention is directed to an
improved mandrel having a plurality of sidepockets through which a
greater flow of fluid may be provided than a single pocket. In
addition, the pockets may be ported in many different ways to
provide greater versatility for performing different types of
downhole well services. The present invention further provides a
knickover tool having means for running and pulling flow control
devices from a selected sidepocket.
SUMMARY
The present invention is directed to a sidepocket mandrel havingg
more than one valve pocket. The valve pocket may include a
plurality of ports extending to various locations to provide the
mandrel with the capability of performing a variety of well
operations. The sidepockets are adapted to accommodate various
types of flow control devices such as gas lift valves, check
valves, plugs, pilot valves and control valves for various
functions.
A further object of the present invention is the provision of an
apparatus for installing and removing flow control devices
selectively from one of the plurality of sidepockets.
Yet a further object of the present invention is the provision of a
well mandrel having a plurality of parallel cylindrical flow
control devices receiving pockets having ports connecting the bores
with the exterior of the mandrel and also being in communication
with the mandrel bore for providing injection of gases or liquids
from exterior of the mandrel to the interior of the mandrel and the
tubing string or providing for reverse injection.
A still further object of the present invention is the provision of
a sidepocket mandrel having a plurality of sidepockets in which the
pockets include ports extending from the exterior of the mandrel
for receiving gas or liquid and provided with ports extending
exteriorly of the mandrel from the bottom of the sidepocket for
injecting gases or liquids further downhole.
Yet a further object is the provision of a sidepocket mandrel
having a plurality of sidepockets with interconnecting port means
between the upper and lower ends of the sidepocket which are
particularly adapted for pilot valve operations in which a pilot
valve is provided in one of the sidepockets and a control valve in
the second of the sidepocket which is particularly useful for
injecting greater amounts of gas for lifting larger quantities of
well production. The sidepockets may include port means for
receiving gas and port means for injecting the gas to desired
locations.
Yet a further feature of the present invention is the provision of
a sidepocket mandrel having a plurality of sidepockets in which the
sidepockets include port means extending to the bore of the mandrel
for receiving gas or liquid therefrom, and include port means
extending from the bottom of the sidepockets to exteriorly of the
mandrel for injecting gas or liquid into the casing annulus for
providing casing flow gas lift operations.
Other and further features, and advantages will be apparent from
the following description of the preferred embodiment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an elevational view, in cross section, illustrating the
apparatus of the present invention installing a valve in one of the
sidepockets of the mandrel of the present invention,
FIG. 2A is an enlarged elevational view, in cross section, of the
top portion of the mandrel and apparatus for installing or removing
a flow control device therefrom,
FIG. 2B is a continuation of FIG. 2A omitting the installing
apparatus for clarity and is a cross-sectional view taken along the
line 2B--2B of FIG. 4,
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 3--3 of FIG.
2A, and
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 4--4 of FIG.
2B.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1, a well
tubing 10 is shown having connected thereto a mandrel 12 having
upper 14 and lower 16 threaded connections for connection in the
well tubing 10. The mandrel 12 includes a main bore 18 therethrough
generally having the same size and aligned with the bore of the
well tubing 10, and further includes a plurality of sidepockets,
here shown as sidepockets 20 and 22 (FIG. 4) which are cylindrical
bores whose axes are offset from the main bore 18 for receiving
various types of flow control units such as a conventional gas lift
valve 24 (FIG. 1) therein. An apparatus, generally indicated by the
reference numeral 26, is provided for installing or removing a flow
control device into or from the sidepockets 20 and 22.
The outer dimensions of the cross-sectional area of the mandrel 12
is limited by the fact that the mandrel 12 is designed to be placed
in a casing (not shown) in a well bore. In addition, the open bore
18 is required to be of a similar size to the bore of the tubing 10
in order to accommodate well tools moving through the well tubing
10. Therefore, the physical dimensions of the valve housing 19 are
limited. By providing a plurality of sidepockets 20 and 22, instead
of a single sidepocket, the necessary strength of the mandrel 12
may be maintained, but a larger control area may be provided by a
plurality of sidepockets as compared with a single sidepocket.
Therefore, the present invention provides a mandrel with a
plurality of sidepockets which may provide a greater volume of
control fluid for performing various downhole operations.
A further feature of the present invention is the provision of
porting the plurality of sidepockets in a plurality of different
ways to provide a greater versatility for performing various well
functions. For example, as best seen in FIGS. 1, 2B and 4, suitable
port means 28, such as three ports, may be provided intermediate
the upper and lower ends of the pocket 22 and extending from the
sidepockets 22 to a point exteriorly of the mandrel 12. Similarly,
port means 30 may be provided from sidepocket 20 extending
exteriorly of the mandrel 12. Generally, port means 28 and 30 may
provide for the ingress of fluids into the sidepockets 22 and 20,
respectively, for gas lift installations as will be more fully
described hereinafter.
Port means 32 (FIGS. 1, 2B and 4) are provided extending between
the sidepockets 22 and the open bore 18 of the mandrel 12.
Similarly, port means 34 are provided between the sidepocket 20 and
the interior of the mandrel 12.
Interconnecting port means 36 are provided between the valve
pockets 20 and 22 between the upper and lower ends of the pockets
20 and 22 generally for the purpose of pilot valving operations as
will be more fully described hereinafter.
Additional port means are provided extending from the bottom of the
sidepocket to a point exteriorly of the mandrel 12 such as port
means 38 leading from the bottom of sidepocket 22 as shown in
dotted outline in FIG. 2B, such as for the purpose of injecting
gases or liquids further downhole and back into the interior tubing
string 10. Similarly, sidepocket 20 may also include downwardly
directed port means 40 (FIG. 4). And the partition 39 which forms
part of the conduit for the lower ports 38 and 40 may be omitted
along with the ports 38 and 40 to provide a fluid port 42, as best
seen in FIG. 1, leading from the bottom of the pockets 20 and 22 to
the interior of the mandrel 12 in communication with the open bore
18.
THus, the valve pockets 20 and 22 may be provided with a plurality
of ports for conducting various types of downhole operations. If
for particular operations certain of the ports are not needed, they
may be plugged up or omitted during construction. Which ports would
be utilized would depend upon the operations to be performed and
the types of flow control equipment inserted in the sidepockets 20
and 22.
One type of downhole operation that could be performed by the
mandrel 12 is the function of receiving fluid externally of the
mandrel through ports 28 and 30 and supply the liquid through port
42 into the open bore 18 and the bore of the tubing 10 for
performing normal gas lift operations. For this use, conventional
gas lift valves, such as the Camco R series valve, may be inserted
in each of the pockets 20 and 22. Of course, the ports other than
28, 30, 42 would not be needed. Even for this gas lift operation,
other types of flow control devices may be used such as dummies or
Camco type DCR check valves.
The mandrel 12 will also provide the function of providing gas lift
in a so-called chamber-lift operation by providing gas to force
bottom hole liquid into the lower end of the well tubing 10 and
lift the liquid through the tubing. For this operation, the ports
28, 30, 38 and 40 may be used with the gas lift fluid coming
through the ports 28 and 30 and going out the bottom ports 38 and
40 downhold through packers (not shown) for pressuring up the top
of fluid surrounding the bottom end of well tubing 10 and forcing
the fluid up into the bottom of the well tubing 10. Again, in such
an operation, conventional gas lift valves may be used in the
sidepockets 20 and 22.
Another type operation which the multiported multipocket mandrel 12
may perform is in operating a casing flow gas lift installation.
For such use, lift gas would be pumped down the interior of well
tubing 10 through the open bore 18 and into the ports 32 and 34 of
the sidepockets 22 and 20, respectively, and conventional gas lift
valves would be installed in the pockets 20 and 22 for controlling
the passage of lift gas through the bottom ports 38 and 40 for
supplying gas to the annulus between the well tubing 10 and the
casing (not shown) for injecting gases or liquids to provide a
casing flow gas lift installation.
In any of the uses described above, the interconnecting port 36
between the sidepockets 20 and 22 may be utilized for injecting
greater amounts of gas for lifting larger quantities of products.
The interconnecting port 36 allows a pilot valve to be inserted in
one of the sidepockets, such as 20, and a control valve to be
placed in the second sidepocket 22 and controlled by the pilot
valve 20. Control fluid may be injected either into port 30 or port
34 to act on the pilot valve which in turn will actuate the control
valve in the pocket 22 which admits gas lift fluids through either
the ports 42 or 38. This type of arrangement has the advantage of
being able to inject greater amounts of gas for lifting larger
quantities of products than the usual gas lift valves. For example,
with a pilot valve in pocket 20 and a controlled valve in pocket
22, gas flowing into port 30 would actuate the pilot valve and the
controlled valve would control the lift gas flowing in ports 28 and
out either port 42 or 38.
THe present invention is also directed to an apparatus for
installing and removing flow control devices from the sidepockets
20 and 22. Thus, referring to FIGS. 1 and 2A, a guide sleeve 60 is
provided positioned aligned with the main bore 18 of mandrel 12 and
preferably positioned above the sidepockets 20 and 22. The guide
sleeve includes a longitudinal guide slot 62, a helical guide
surface 64 positioned below the slot 62 and directed inwardly and
upwardly toward the bottom of the slot 62 for guiding and orienting
a key upwardly and into the slot 62, and an actuating shoulder 64
positioned at the top of the slot 62 for actuating the flow control
device handling apparatus 26.
The slot 62 is radially spaced from the axis of one of the offset
pockets, such as 22, a predetermined amount for rotating and
orienting a valve handling apparatus relative to the sidepockets 20
and 22 for installing or removing a flow control device
therefrom.
The flow control handling apparatus 26 generally includes a support
body generally indicated by the reference numeral 70, a shifting
tool 72 which is pivotally supported from the support body 70 by
pivot 71, a flow control device handling support 74 which is
pivotally carried by the shifting tool 72 about pivot 73, and an
elongate guide case 76, and a longitudinal movable body generally
indicated by numeral 78 and carried by the support body 70. The
movable body 78 includes partitions 79 and 81. The support body 70
includes any suitable means for moving the apparatus 26 through the
tubing 10 and mandrel 12, such as a hydraulic pump, or as shown for
example only, a connection 80 for attachment to a wireline. An
orientation key 82 is pivotally connected to the movable support
body partition 79 at its lower end by shear pin 84. The support
body 70 may also include an outer case 86 enclosing the movable
body 78 and having an opening or window 88 through which the
orientation key 82 is yieldably urged outwardly by a spring 90. The
key 82 is yieldably urged outwardly at all times but because of the
downward facing tapering face 92 will readily pass downwardly over
protruding shoulders inside of the well tubing. The key 82 also
includes an upwardly directed actuating shoulder 94 which, when the
key is below the guide surface 64, will contact the surface thereby
rotating and aligning the flow control handling apparatus 26 in the
well bore as the key 82 moves along the guide surface 64 and into
the longitudinal guide slot 62 and into engagement with the
actuating shoulder 64 thereby stopping further upward movement of
the movable body 78.
Suitable engaging means, such as a shoulder 96, is connected to the
lower end of the second part 81 of the movable body 78 for engaging
a portion of the shifting tool such as pin 98, when the movable
body 81 is initially in an upward position, to keep the tool 72
initially aligned within the guide case 76 and thus aligned with
the main bore 18 in the well tubing 10 as the apparatus is
initially moved down the well bore. However, when the apparatus 26
is moved into the mandrel 12 in which it is desired to install or
remove a flow control device, and as best seen in FIG. 2A, when the
orientating key is moved upwardly into the guide slot 62 and the
key shoulder 94 engages the actuating shoulder 64 further upward
movement of the movable body 78 is prevented. However, as best seen
in FIG. 2A, further upward movement of the support body 70 will
disengage the engaging means 96 as the pin 98 moves upwardly past
the shoulder 96 allowing the shifting tool 72 to be actuated by one
or more spring 100 actuated plungers 102 acting against the inside
of the case 76. The shifting tool 72 and flow control device 24 is
now in the position shown in FIG. 1. Further downward movement of
the apparatus 26 moves the flow control device 24 into the valve
seat 22 and further downward movement shears a shear pin 104
allowing the flow control device 24 and the valve handling support
74 to become aligned in the valve pocket 22 and further downward
movement or jarring of the apparatus 26 seats the flow control
device 24 securely in the sidepocket 22 and disconnects the running
adapter 74 from the flow control device 24. Of course, the
apparatus 26 may, by similar operation, using a pulling adapter in
place of the running adapter 74, remove a flow control device 24
from the sidepocket 22.
Once a flow control device has been installed or removed, the
apparatus 26 may be retracted upwardly. That is, the key 82 is
raised in the mandrel 12, the shoulder 94 will again engage
shoulder 64 in the sleeve 60 and the tool 26 can be jarred upwardly
shearing shear pin 106 which has a lower shear point than emergency
shear pin 84. With the shear pin 106 sheared, the support body 70
may be moved upwardly relative to the movable body 78 against the
action of a resetting spring 108. It is also noted that the support
body 70 has a retracting shoulder 110 which will engage the tapered
surface 92 on the key 82 on upward movement of the support body 70
relative to the first part 79 of the movable body 78 thereby
retracting the key 82 into the interior of the case 86 whereby the
apparatus 26 may be moved uphole. The above description of the flow
control handling device 26 is more fully described in copending
patent application Ser. No. 95,408.
Of course, as previously mentioned, the longitudinal slot 62 is
angularly spaced from the axis of one of the offset pockets, such
as 22, a predetermined amount and will therefore install or remove
flow control devices only from the one sidepocket 22. As indicated
in FIG. 4, the sidepockets 20 and 22 are radially displaced from
each other a radial amount by an angle alpha. As indicated in FIG.
3, the key 82 extends through a window 88 when it is desired to
install or remove a flow control device from the sidepocket 22. A
second opening or window 110 is provided in the casing 86. The
window 110 is radially spaced from the window 88 by an angle alpha.
Therefore, if it is desired to install or remove a flow control
device from the sidepocket 20, the movable body member 79 is
rotated relative to the movable body 81 by angle alpha by the use
of shear pin 106 through a second shear pin hold (not shown) in
body 81 so as to extend through the window 110. The flow handling
apparatus 26 is then operated in the same manner as before and in
such operation will bring the flow control device 24 over and above
the sidepocket 20. Therefore, the present flow control handling
apparatus 26 may selectively install or remove flow control devices
from either the sidepocket 20 or 22 depending inn which of the
windows 88 or 110 the orientation key 82 is positioned.
The present invention, therefore, is well adapted to carry out the
objects and obtain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as
others inherent therein. While a presently preferred embodiment of
the invention is given for the purpose of disclosure, numerous
changes in the details of construction and arrangement of parts may
be made which will readily suggest themselves to those skilled inn
the art and which are encompassed within the spirit of the
invention and the scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *