U.S. patent number 3,874,146 [Application Number 05/408,811] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-01 for packaging apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Permtek, Incorporated. Invention is credited to Lucius D. Watkins.
United States Patent |
3,874,146 |
Watkins |
April 1, 1975 |
Packaging apparatus
Abstract
Apparatus and method of packaging liquids wherein an elongated
plastic envelope, sealed at one end, is filled with liquid under
predetermined static pressure and a selected liquid-filled portion
thereof is then heat-sealed and severed from the remainder of the
envelope; the liquid being isolated from the heat-sealing and
severing zone during such operations to prevent heating the liquid
to boiling or gasifying temperatures.
Inventors: |
Watkins; Lucius D. (Hartland,
WI) |
Assignee: |
Permtek, Incorporated (Naples,
FL)
|
Family
ID: |
26865052 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/408,811 |
Filed: |
October 23, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
169439 |
Aug 5, 1971 |
3785556 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
53/554 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65B
9/12 (20130101); B65B 51/303 (20130101); A01M
1/2033 (20130101); A01M 1/2044 (20130101); B65B
9/023 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A01M
1/20 (20060101); B65B 51/26 (20060101); B65B
51/30 (20060101); B65B 9/02 (20060101); B65B
9/12 (20060101); B65B 9/00 (20060101); B65B
9/10 (20060101); B65b 009/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;53/28,18R,18M,182R,182M |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Spruill; Robert L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Michael, Best & Friedrich
Parent Case Text
This is a division of application Ser. No. 169,439, filed Aug. 5,
1971 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,785,556.
Claims
I claim:
1. Apparatus for hermetically sealing, between opposing walls of a
thermoplastic package, a gas-free body of liquid which is
vaporizable at atmospheric conditions, said apparatus comprising
means for forming a vertically elongated tubular package blank
sealed along the bottom and lateral margins thereof, means for
filling said blank with the liquid being packaged, means for
controlling said filling means to maintain a predetermined head of
liquid in said blank to control package size, means for
heat-sealing said blank within an area spaced from the bottom
margin of said blank and located in a part of said blank filled
with liquid, means for severing said blank within said area, and
means for avoiding vaporization of the liquid during heat-sealing
by displacing the liquid in said blank from said area prior to
heat-sealing and for maintaining the liquid in spaced relation from
said area during heat-sealing, said means for avoiding liquid
vaporization comprising means for engaging the opposed surfaces of
the walls over a selected region which include said area and which
extends above and below said area, and means for actuating said
wall engaging means to press together opposing interior surfaces of
said walls in said selected region with sufficient pressure so as
to eliminate liquid therebetween, and to maintain together the
interior surfaces of said walls in said selected region during
heat-sealing so as to retain the liquid being packaged in spaced
relation to said area.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said wall engaging means
comprises a pair of wiper blade means engageable with one of said
walls, platen means opposite said blade means engageable with the
opposing wall, and means for moving said blade means apart in the
direction of the length of said package blank while maintaining
said walls pressed against said platen means thereby to wipe the
liquid from the interior surfaces of said walls.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 and further including gauge means
for regulating the volume of liquid within the lower end of said
blank between said bottom margin and said region.
Description
This invention relates generally to packaging, and more
particularly, is directed to improved means and method for
encapsulating liquids within a heat-sealed plastic package to
produce an improved product, particularly useful in disseminating
vaporizable liquids.
Various products for purifying, odorizing or deodorizing the
atmosphere or for destroying or repelling insects are currently
packaged in hermetically-sealed containers. Commonly used
containers are either boxes, bottles, destructible plastic film
enclosures or the like from which the products, usually in solid or
paste form, are removed for use so that the active components
thereof may sublimate or vaporize into the atmosphere.
It has been recognized for some time that such a program of
diffusing materials of this nature is inefficient and ineffective,
particularly over extended periods of time, inasmuch as the
relatively high degree of effectiveness thereof, experienced upon
first exposing the same to the atmosphere, rapidly diminishes after
a relatively short time due to the inability to regulate the rate
of dispersion sublimation or vaporization. Attempts have been made
to diffuse such materials with controlled rates of vaporization or
sublimination. Generally speaking, however, such efforts to date,
particularly when dealing with solid materials, have been less than
totally effective. In certain other instances, particularly with
deodorants, release of liquid deodorizers through capillary wicking
systems have proven somewhat more effective and acceptable in
controlling the rate of disseminating the ingredients to the
atmosphere. Yet, these systems too are incapable of sustaining
constant rates of dispersion over extended periods.
It is known that liquid odorants, deodorants, repellents and
insecticides, particularly in highly concentrated forms, are highly
effective for their intended purposes. However, to date, there has
been an absence of a simple, economical and efficient system for
releasing the active ingredients of odorizers, deodorizers,
repellents, insecticides and the like over extended periods of time
so as to benefit from the capabilities of concentrated forms
thereof. Foremost in the problems confronting the utilization of
such liquids is the problem of diffusing or releasing the same to
the atmosphere at a predetermined rate so that the active
substances thereof produce their desired effects over extended time
intervals. Typifying past efforts to overcome this problem is the
invention described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,979,268 issued Apr. 11,
1961, or U.S. Pat. No. 3,216,882 issued Nov. 9, 1965.
In brief, the present invention is directed to improvements in
processs, apparatus and product whereby concentrated liquid
odorizers, deodorizers, insecticides, repellents and the like may
be released to the atmosphere at substantially constant rates for
extended time intervals. Essentially the basic scientific mechanism
employed, according to this invention, for regulating the rate of
release of liquids is that of permeation by which is meant
diffusion by absorption not to be confused with porosity or
capillarity. This phenomenon of permeability, as herein employed,
relates to utilization of plastic films and fluid compounds which
are permeant thereto whereby the vapor release of ingredients at
the outer surface of the plastic materials after migration of the
liquid ingredients therethrough effectively produces an efficient
and economical means for releasing the active ingredients of the
liquids to the atmosphere. In simplified terms, a body of permeant
liquid is encapsulated within a hermetically sealed envelope of a
homo-polymer plastic such as polyethylene or polypropylene. When
the packaged ingredients are exposed to atmosphere, the permeant
liquid releases or vaporizes into the atmosphere at a substantially
constant rate dependent primarily on the migration ability of the
permeant through the plastic. This permeation rate generally is
independent of pressure so that regardless of whether the liquid is
pressurized or depressurized within the container it progresses or
permeates through the plastic to produce a given quantity output
per unit of area. Among other novel aspects of the present
invention is the unique system of packaging such permeant liquids
within the plastic containers, which preferably comprise an
envelope of two superposed plastic layers, hermetically sealed
around the borders or margins thereof; the liquid filling the
interior of the envelope and disseminating across the interior
walls of the package either by capillary activity or direct liquid
flow. Essentially, the interior of the envelope is free of any
gaseous atmosphere which could affect the output of the permeant
liquid. In order to avoid boiling or gasifying the liquid permeant
during the heat-sealing operation, which takes place at
temperatures in excess of the normal boiling temperatures for the
liquids, means are provided for effectively isolating or removing
the liquid ingredients from the zone to be heat sealed and/or
thermally severed. Thus the liquids are effectively insulated from
the undesirable effects created by heat sealing and severing
temperatures during the sealing process.
Among the objects of this invention is the provision of an improved
procedure for encapsulating liquids in plastic containers,
preferably in envelope form.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved process
for thermally sealing liquid-filled plastic containers without
boiling or gasifying the liquid during the heat-sealing operation
at temperatures in excess of the boiling point for the liquid.
Still another object of this invention is to provide an improved
hermetically sealed package containing liquid permeant to the
plastic walls of the container.
A still further object of this invention is to provide an improved
packaged product of liquid odorant sealed within a plastic
container permeable to the odorant, whereby the latter is released
from the container at a substantially constant rate for an extended
period of time.
Still another object of this invention is to provide improved
apparatus for heat sealing a thermoplastic container about a body
of liquid.
Having thus described this invention, the above and further
objects, features and advantages thereof will be recognized by
those familiar with the art from the following detailed description
of a preferred embodiment thereof, illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view setting forth the features of
apparatus for packaging liquids according to this invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view in top plan with portions thereof
in section taken substantially from vantage line 2--2 of FIG. 1 and
looking in the direction of the arrows thereon;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross sectional view taken substantially
along vantage line 3--3 of FIG. 1 and looking in the direction of
the arrows thereon;
FIG. 4 is another enlarged cross sectional view taken substantially
at vantage line 4--4 of FIG. 1. and looking in the direction of the
arrows thereon;
FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are enlarged views in side elevation illustrating
the sequential steps of heat sealing a plastic container about a
body of liquid according to this invention;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view in side elevation taken substantially
from vantage line 8--8 of FIG. 1 and looking in the direction of
the arrows thereon; and
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a package produced according to
this invention, showing the same broken open to illustrate
capillary distribution means employed therein.
Turning now to the particulars of the particular embodiment set
forth in the accompanying drawings for purposes of illustrating and
describing the present invention so as to enable those skilled in
this art to practice the same, initial reference is made to FIG. 1.
As therein shown, apparatus designated generally by numeral 10 is
schematically represented for purposes of packaging liquid
materials in accordance with the present invention. As set out in
this figure, a package tube or blank 11 is formed preferably from
two rolls of tape 12, 12' of polyethylene film suitably supported
by means not shown, but well within the normal capabilities of one
skilled in this art. The width of the tape rolls is generally
selected to be just slightly in excess of the desired width for the
end packaged product and the two rolls 12, 12' are mounted so as to
oppose one another on opposite sides of a filler tube 13. Thus the
two layers of plastic 14 and 14' from the respective rolls 12, 12'
thereof meet in opposing registration on opposite sides of filler
tube 13. The plastic layers extend downwardly along the tube 13
through a sealing and cutting assembly 15 to be described in
greater detail presently. Assembly 15 functions both to heat-seal
opposite lateral margins of the opposing plastic layers 14, 14' and
to trim off excess materials beyond the welded margins; the scrap
being removed by periodically actuated roller means 16 according to
conventional practice.
The tubular package blank which exits from the sealing and trimming
assembly 15 extends below the latter through a fluid level control
assembly 18, and into an under-disposed feeding assembly 19.
Assembly 19 serves to periodically grip the opposite lateral
margins of the tubular package and pull the same downwardly through
the sealing and trimming assembly and level control assembly as
will be described presently. Beneath the feeder assembly 19, the
tubular package 11 passes through a novel heat sealing and cut-off
means 20 which serves to produce heat-sealed margins extending
transversely between the sealed side margins of the tubular package
11. Means 20 also optionally severs the tube 11 into selected
lengths. In this manner, liquid-filled packages are formed from the
elongated tubular envelope 11 as will be amplified later
herein.
The lowermost end of the tubular package 11 abuts a vertically
adjustable stop gauge 21 which by its positioning regulated the
vertical dimensions of the liquid-filled packages severed from the
tube 11.
With particular reference now to FIGS. 1 and 2, the details of the
tube sealing and trimmming assembly 15 will now be described. As
best shown in these figures, assembly 15 comprises a supporting
bracket 25 having a central anvil portion 26 features by a concave
face 27 against which one of the plastic films 14', for example, is
shaped during the side margin sealing and trimming operations.
Extending laterally outwardly of opposite sides of the central
anvil portion 26 are a pair of L-shaped arms 28 and 29, of which
only 28 is shown in full plan in FIG. 2. The particulars of arm 28
and related elements will be described with the understanding that
arm 29 and its arrangement with the mechanism are identical
thereto.
Pivotally connected to the outer end of arm 28 is a knife actuator
30 mounted to pivot about pin means 31. Actuator 30 rocks about the
pin 31 in response to periodic energization of a solenoid means 32;
being joined to the latter by connector rod 33 which passes through
an opening 34 in arm 28 and axially through a return spring means
35 mounted between arm 28 and the adjacent face of the actuator 30.
A nut fastener means 36 is threaded over the outer end of the
connector rod 33 on the opposite or outer side of actuator 30 to
secure the latter to the rod 33 and provide a means for adjusting
the arcuate throw of the actuator as deemed desirable. The
non-pivotally supported or outer end of actuator 30 is attached by
bolt and nut fastener means 37 to a movable hot sealing knife 38
having an electrical heater element 39 near the tip end thereof.
Knife 38 opposes a stationary knife 40 adjustably mounted on one
side of the central anvil portion 26, as by bolt fastener means 41;
the adjustability of knife 40 serving to accommodate varying
thicknesses for superposed plastic material of the layers 14,
14'.
As with the movable sealing knife 38, the stationary knife 40 is
likewise equipped with a heater element 42 near the outer end
thereof to elevate the temperature thereof. In operation, the
movable knife 38 is normally at a temperature in excess of that
required for sealing the plastic material while the stationary
knife 40 is slightly below sealing temperature. For polyethylene,
typical temperature for knife 38 are in the order of 320.degree. F.
and for the stationary knife 40 in the order of 280.degree. F. As
best shown in FIG. 2, a second set of sealing knives 38' and 40'
are provided on the opposite side of anvil portion 26 with the
movement of the knife 38' being effected by a solenoid operated
actuator of the order above described, but not illustrated.
Supported opposite the central anvil portion 26 and located between
the hot knives 38 and 38' is a movable anvil member 45 having an
arcuately concave face 46 which is adapted to receive and support
the second plastic film layer 14. Anvil member 45 is biased
normally toward the stationary anvil portion 26 by spring means 47
affixed at one end to a stationary support 48.
In operation, the assembly 15 has the two plastic layers 14, 14'
gripped between the anvil portion 26 and member 45 with the filler
tube 13, preferably of pliable material disposed therebetween.
Periodically the two hot knife blades 38, 38' are moved toward
abutting engagement with the stationary knife blades 40, 40'. This
occurs upon actuation of solenoid means 32 and its counterpart (not
shown) associated with the second set of knife blades 38' and 40'.
The hot knife blades press through the two layers of plastic,
melting the same until they abut against the stationary knife
blades 40, 40', thereby effecting a thermal seal along the lateral
margin of plastic layers 14 and 14' held in assembly 15. When the
opposing knife blades contact one another they also sever the waste
marginal portions 50, 50' of the plastic layers from the central
sealed envelope formed between the margin seals. The scrap portions
50, 50' are pulled away by the roller assembly 16 across guide
members 51, 51' which are mounted alongside the stationary knife
blade members 40, 40'.
In reponse to periodic actuation of the feeding assembly 19, the
tubular package member 11, laterally sealed by assembly 15, are
periodically indexed or fed downwardly to bring unsealed portions
of the plastic layers 14, 14' into assembly 15 where the sealing
and trimming operation above described are repeated. It will be
appreciated that once the sealing and trimming operations take
place, the heated knife elements 38, 38' are withdrawn in response
to deenergization of the actuating solenoid means therefor, such as
solenoid 32 associated with the illustrated actuator 30.
Energization of the solenoid means takes place after each down-feed
operation of the tubular member 11 as will appear in greater detail
from the description which follows.
The tubular package 11 with its lateral margins now sealed, depends
downwardly past the sealing and trimming assembly 15, as
hereinabove described, through the level control assembly 18 which
will be best understood by examination of FIGS. 1 and 3 of the
drawings. From such figures, it will be recognized that a light
source 55 is supported to one side of the tubular package member 11
so as to shine toward a photocell 56 located on the opposite side
of the package and disposed between the spaced arms of a generally
U-shaped guide member 57. Such guide member is adjustably clamped
to a support rod 58 depending vertically between upper and lower
arm portions 59 and 60 of a C-shaped supporting bracket 61. It will
be noted that clamping connection of member 57 with support rod 58
is effected by bolt means 62 which permit adjustable positioning of
the guide member 57 and the photocell 56 vertically. Rod 58 is also
threadingly fastened at its upper end to arm portion 59 for
adjustment purposes, although such adjustments are relatively minor
in normal operation.
With the above-described arrangement for the assembly 18, it will
be appreciated that when the tube member 11, having the lower end
thereof sealed as illustrated in FIG. 1, is filled with liquid up
to the level 63 indicated by dotted lines in FIG. 1, the light
energy from source 55 is focused by the liquid between the opposing
walls 14, 14' of the tube 11 to energize photocell 56. Conversely,
when the liquid level falls below level 63, the light rays from
source 55 fail to focus on cell 56 and the latter is deenergized.
In its energized condition, cell 56, through suitable control
circuitry, not shown, but well within the skill of those normally
versed with this art, signals a liquid supply source (not shown)
associated with filler tube 13 to shut off the supply of additional
liquid to the interior of the tube member 11. Conversely, when the
cell 56 is deenergized, the liquid supply system is appropriately
conditioned to supply liquid to filler tube 13. In this manner, the
level of liquid within the tubular package member 11 is maintained
substantially constant at level 63 so as to provide a predetermined
static head of liquid within the lower regions of the tubular
package member 11.
It is to be noted from FIG. 3 in particular that the U-shaped
member 57 associated with the liquid level control assembly is
provided with a pair of guide elements 64, 64' having substantially
V-shaped opposing faces 65, 65' maintained in a spaced opposing
relationship and between which tubular member 11 is trained, the
apex of each face 65, 65' engaging one of the marginal seals of the
package tube 11. The lateral spacing between the V-shaped guide
surfaces is by design just slightly less than the distance between
the lateral margins of the unfilled tube portion thereabove
(depicted in FIG. 2 showing the configuration of the unfilled tube
member 11 in assembly 15). As a consequence, the V-shaped guide
surfaces 65, 65' serve to bow the tubular member outwardly between
the lateral sealed margins thereof, to bring about a generally
predetermined spacing and cross section between the opposing walls
14, 14'. This assists in filling the lower portions of the tubular
member with a uniform volume of liquid determinative of the desired
static head but more importantly the bowed configuration
accomplished provides the desired lens for the photocell of the
level control assembly. Importantly, of course, it is essential
that the lens configuration be uniform for successful operation of
the photocell for each downfeed of the package tube.
Located generally beneath the level control assembly 18 and spaced
conveniently along the length of the tubular member 11 is the
feeding assembly 19 previously alluded to. For a better
understanding of this assembly, reference is particularly made to
FIGS. 1 and 4. As therein shown, a feeder block 70 is slidably
mounted on a vertical cylindrical post 71 supported at its lower
end on the lower arm portion 60 of support bracket 61. The block
member 70 is movable vertically up and down the post 70 against the
action of intervening spring means 72. Normally, spring means 72
serves to bias block 70 to its upper position as illustrated in
FIG. 1 which is limited by an enlarged upper end portion of the
post 70. An actuator link 73, responsively movable downwardly with
energization of a solenoid means 74, also supported on the outer
end of the arm portion 60 on bracket means 61, is connected to the
feeder block 70 as by a pivot pin.
With this described arrangement, it will be understood that
energization of solenoid means 74 serves to pull the block 70
downwardly against the action of spring 72 with the latter
returning the block 70 upwardly upon deenergization of the solenoid
means 74. It further will be appreciated that the guide rod 71 is
located to one side of the rod 58 which supports the liquid level
assembly 18.
A second solenoid gripper means 76 is carried in a central opening
77 of the block member 75. The core of the solenoid means 76 is
coupled to an actuator rod 78 which extends through an opening in
an intermediate wall portion 79 of the block member 70 and is
coaxially surrounded by a spring means 80. The outer end of
actuator rod 78 is fixed to a movable L-shaped gripper member 81
whereby the latter moves responsibly with the actuator rod 78. In
operation, energization of solenoid means 76 serves to move the
gripper member 81 to the right as viewed in FIG. 4 or, that is,
toward block member 70 with the spring means 80 effecting return
movement of the gripper member upon deenergization of the solenoid
76.
The gripper member 81 is slidably supported on the block member 70
by means of a connector pin or rivet 82 extending outwardly of one
side 83 of the block member 70 and through a slotted opening 84
(see FIG. 1) formed in a base arm 85 of the L-shaped gripper member
81. The other arm 86 of the gripper member 81 extends at right
angles to base arm 85 thereof and is fixed, as previously
described, to the outer end of the actuator rod 78. The outermost
end of the arm 86 opposes a stationary gripper finger 90 formed at
one adjacent corner of the block member 70.
In operation, when it is desired to downfeed the package tube 11,
the solenoid means 76 is energized, drawing the gripper member 86
inwardly toward the stationary gripper finger 90 to pinch the
adjacent margin 91 of the package member 11 therebetween.
Thereafter, solenoid means 74 is energized, drawing the entire
block 70 downwardly against spring 72 to feed the tubular member
downwardly in accordance with the down-stroke of the
solenoid-actuated link 73. After completion of the down-stroke, the
gripper finger solenoid 76 is selectively deenergized, releasing
the margin of the tubular package member 11, following which
solenoid means 74 is deenergized, permitting return spring 72 to
raise the feeder block 70 to its uppermost position illustrated in
FIG. 1.
In order to adjust the down-feed stroke of the assembly 19, block
member 71 is fitted with an adjustable stop bolt 92 at the
innermost end thereof which may be adjustably positioned to engage
the head of a second adjustable stop 93 projecting upwardly from
arm portion 60 of bracket 61.
As previously mentioned, the package tube 11 having its bottom end
95 sealed and the portion thereof below level 63 filled with
liquid, is position with its lower end gauge means 21 which is
adjustably mounted on a support means 96. As shown best in FIG. 1,
the gauge 21 comprises a lower block portion 97 having a resilient
spring finger 98 extending upwardly from one side thereof. Finger
98 is disposed in spaced relation to the support 96 to provide a
uniform spacing receptive of the lower end of the package tube 11
and effectively determinative of the desired thickness. Adjustable
positioning of the gauge 21 is coordinated with the down-stroke of
the feeder assembly 19 so that as successive packages are sealed
and cut from the lower end of the package tube 11 by means 20, each
down-stroke of the feeder assembly will reposition the lower sealed
end of the tube 11 in the gauge means. After the sealing and
severing operation by the means 20, the liquid-filled packages held
between the gauge 21 and support 96 may be removed by any
conventional known means, unnecessary to describe herein.
The heat sealing and cut-off means 20 will be understood best from
an inspection of FIGS. 1, 5-8 of the drawings. As particularly
shown in FIG. 1, means 20 comprises an actuating solenoid 100
having a core-responsive actuator link 101 supported on an upwardly
extending bracket means 102. The lower end of the actuator link 101
is pivotally joined at 103 to one end of a T-shaped rocker arm 104
comprising a bottom cross arm portion 105 and a central stem
portion 106. Pivotal connection 103 is at one end of the cross arm
105 while the opposite end thereof is pivotally joined to a pivot
block 107 by pin means 108. A spring member 109 is coupled to and
extends between the central stem portion 106 and the support
bracket 102 to normally bias member 104 in a clockwise sense as
viewed in FIG. 1. This action effects the return of member 104 to
its upright position as illustrated in that figure upon
deenergization of the solenoid means 100. Conversely, energization
of the solenoid 100 serves to actuate the coreactuated link 101
upwardly, rocking member 104 counterclockwise about pivot pin 108
for purposes to appear presently.
At the upper end of the stem portion 106 is a transversely related,
horizontal knife support arm 110. The right hand outer end of arm
110 (see FIG. 1) is adapted to abut the upper end of bracket 102 to
serve as a stop device for limiting clockwise movement of the
T-shaped member 104, as urged by spring means 109. Affixed to one
upper side of arm 110, as by spot-welds 111 (see FIG. 8), is a
generally rectangular shaped sealing plate member 112 having a
sealing knife portion 113 extending centrally outward of one front
marginal edge 114 thereof (see FIG. 8). The portion 113 is equipped
with the usual heater wire 115 adjacent the outer tip end 116
thereof as best shown in FIG. 8.
Mounted on opposite sides of the sealing plate member 112 and
intersecting substantially at right angles immediately in front of
the outer tip end 116 of portion 113 are a pair of planar wiper
blade members 118 and 119, each respectively associated with a pair
of support brackets 120, 120 and 121, 121 secured to opposite faces
of plate 112 as by rivet means 122. The connection between the
wiper blades 118 and 119 and their brackets 120, 121 is by pairs of
leaf spring means 125, 125', attached to the blades 118 and 119 and
brackets 120, 121 by rivet means 126. It will be noted (FIG. 8)
that such springs cross one another on opposite sides of knife
portion 113.
It will be recognized from FIG. 1 of the drawings that the wiper
blades 118 and 119, with portion 113 disposed therebetween, is
located on one side of the package tube 11 directly opposite a
stationary knife assembly 130 comprising a bracket 131 affixed to a
support, a stationary heater blade 132 having heater wire 133 and a
guard member 134 adjacent the blade means 132. Specifically, the
guard member 134 and blade 132 are affixed to the support means 131
by mounting bolt 135. In operation, the movable blade 113 affixed
to the upper end of the T-shaped member 104 moves toward and away
from the stationary blade 132, with the liquid-filled package tube
11 disposed therebetween.
It will be recalled that one of the principal problems confronted
in packaging liquids utilizing thermally sealed materials, such as
plastic films, occurs when attempting to heat-seal the plastic
films around the liquid at temperatures in excess of the normal
boiling temperatures of the liquid being encapsulated. It readily
will be appreciated that if boiling or gasification of the liquid
does occur within the package, there is great risk and danger of
violently disrupting the package and this is even more so when, as
in the present instance, it is intended to completely fill the
package with liquid prior to sealing the same. In packaging liquids
according to the present invention, it is preferred that there be
no partial gaseous atmosphere within a package of the permeant
liquids so that the effective area for permeation of the active
liquid ingredients through the walls of the plastic package can be
maintained at a predetermined constant. If the liquids should
diffuse into a gaseous atmosphere within the package interior, the
gaseous materials will permeate through the walls of the package,
at a lower rate than the liquid and more importantly will reduce
the area in contact with the liquid permeant. Consequently, if one
is to maintain a rate of permeation at a known constant, it is
essential that either all liquid state or gaseous state permeation
take place, but not a combination of both.
In order to hermetically seal a completely liquid-filled plastic
package utilizing heat sealing principles, particularly when
packaging the more volatile materials, the present invention
presents a unique method and means for effectively isolating the
liquid contents of the package from the zone of thermal sealing. To
this end, particular reference is now made to FIGS. 1, 5, 6 and 7
of the drawings.
As illustrated in these figures, the operational sequence for
effecting the desired heat sealing of the top margin of a packaged
product filled with liquid is set forth. As initially illustrated
in FIG. 1 of the drawings, the liquid-filled tube 11 is in position
ready for producing a thermal weld or seal across the top end of
the selected bottom portion thereof to produce a liquid-filled
packaged product 135 (see FIGS. 7 and 9). This sealing operation is
brought about by the means 20, the elements of which have been
described hereinabove.
As shown in FIG. 5, energization of the solenoid means 100 serves
to advance the sealing member 113 toward the liquid-filled package
tube 11. Prior to engagement of the member 113 with the wall 14' of
the tube 11, however, the wiper blades 118 and 119 engage such wall
well in advance of the sealing tip end and serve to pinch wall 14'
tightly against the opposing wall or film layer 14 and the
secondary heater blade 132. As with the sealing blades 38 and 40 of
assembly 15, the movable sealing member 113 is generally at an
elevated temperature over that of the stationary blade 132 which
for convenience sake herein may be termed "hot" and "cold" blades,
respectively. Be that as it may, as shown in FIG. 5, initial
contact and movement of the wiper blades 118 and 119 against the
package tube 11 effectively pinches off the package tube between
the two opposing blades 113 and 132. Continued advancement of the
hot blade 113 toward the cold knife blade 132 causes the wiper
blades 118 and 119 to move laterally away from one another bowing
the springs 125, 125', as illustrated in FIG. 6, and thereby
maintaining resilient pressure contact with the plastic layer wall
14' of the tube. This effectively wipes the liquid upwardly and
downwardly away from the zone of thermal sealing designated 136 in
FIG. 6. In this state, the two layers 14 and 14' of the plastic
tube are pressed firmly together and stretched across the cold
blade 132, with back-up support therefor being provided by the
adjacent platen ends of the support bracket 131 and the shield
member 134 associated with and located laterally adjacent the cold
blade 132. Continued advancing movement of the hot blade 132 brings
the same into contact with the plastic walls of the tube member 11
to produce a thermal weld barrier laterally thereacross. At
eventual contact of blade 113 with the cold blade 132, the tube 11
is severed and the bottom portion or tubular package 135, filled
with liquid, is effectively separated therefrom.
Deenergization of solenoid means 100 causes returning movement of
the hot blade 113 toward the right as viewed in FIG. 7 along with
returning movement of the wiper blades 118 and 119. This frees the
packaged product 135 for removal from the lower end of the tube
member 11.
After the severing of the package 135 as hereinabove described,
feeder assembly 19 releases the tube 11 and then is actuated to
downfeed the tube 11 into the gauge means 21 thereby pulling the
tube material through the lateral margin sealing and trimming
assembly 15. Inasmuch as the liquid level within tube 11 lowers
with the downfeeding thereof, the liquid level control assembly 18
will sense, as heretofore explained, the absence of fluid within
tube 11 opposite the photocell 56. Consequently, appropriate
circuitry is energized to signal for the inflow of liquid via the
filler tube 13. Sufficient liquid is then added to the tube 11 to
bring its level up to the desired static head control level 63 as
previously explained.
From the foregoing description of the apparatus illustrated in
FIGS. 1 through 8 of the drawings and its operation, it will be
readily understood that the fundamental operating steps for the
improved procedure for packaging liquids according to this
invention has been fully set forth, along with a preferred means
for accomplishing the same. Nevertheless, it is to be recognized
that exact means of the apparatus described is not essential to the
accomplishment of the disclosed method and it is fully contemplated
that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made
therein by those familiar with the art without departing from the
teachings of this invention. For example, instead of two separate
tapes for the formation of the tube package 11, the same may be
produced from a single tape, folded over into a double layer and
then marginally sealed along one lateral edge. Additionally, the
particular liquid supply system described is not necessarily
essential to the accomplishment of the described method inasmuch as
liquid may be supplied by any number of known systems, including
pressurized control systems, gravity feed systems, pumps and so
forth. Further, while the disclosed apparatus has basically been
described as being actuated by solenoid means, the functions
thereof may be accomplished by utilizing hydraulic, pneumatic,
mechanical or other systems well within the skill of the art. Of
like import is the removal of the packaged items from the forming
equipment which may be done manually or by any number of known
pick-off systems. Additionally, it is fully contemplated that the
described photocell system for regulating the level of liquid
within the tube 11 may be replaced by a variety of other devices
including pressure-sensitive switch means located to sense the
static head of the liquid in tube 11.
With respect to the packaged product 135 as herein described, it is
not essential that the same be severed from the tube member 11
during the sealing operation of the means 20. To the contrary, it
is fully contemplated that it may, in certain instances, be
desirable to present an elongated product in which individual
packets of liquid are separated by intervening thermal-weld seals,
but not individually severed as hereinabove set forth. It is also
fully contemplated that different package configurations and size
may be employed, including the provision of hanging tabs at one end
of the sealed packets.
It also is to be noted, as best shown in FIG. 9, that the interior
surfaces of the plastic layers 14 and 14', for the package 135 are
preferably scored with a series of fine line scratches to provide a
uniform capillary distribution system over the interior walls of
the package. This feature is of particular importance in
distributing the liquid permeants evenly over the interior of the
package walls, especially when the package is in a near collapsed
state. That is to say, as liquid permeates through the package
walls, the volume of liquid therein diminishes and the package
walls gradually collapse inwardly under atmospheric pressure. When
the liquid content is nearly exhausted, the capillary feed system
takes over to evenly distribute the liquid over the entire interior
surface area of the walls until all permeant has escaped. In this
manner, the effective area for permeation distribution of liquid
through the package walls is maintained substantially uniform
throughout the package life. Without such a capillary distribution
system or its equivalent, as the package walls collapse toward one
another, areas appear where the opposing walls contact one another
without any liquid therebetween. Such contacting areas are then
ineffective to the distribution of permeant through the package
walls. For similar reasons, bubbles of air or gases in the package
are to be avoided, since such act to keep the walls separated and
effectively prevent distribution of liquid over the interior wall
surfaces.
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