U.S. patent number 3,874,143 [Application Number 05/341,867] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-01 for packaging method and apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Lehigh Press, Inc.. Invention is credited to Robert J. Braber.
United States Patent |
3,874,143 |
Braber |
April 1, 1975 |
Packaging method and apparatus
Abstract
A blister packaging method and apparatus wherein a blister
formed sheet is filled and closed by securement to an additional
sheet, one of which sheets is scored, so that flexure of the
secured sheets effects severance along the score to afford access
to the contents of the blister.
Inventors: |
Braber; Robert J.
(Harleysville, PA) |
Assignee: |
The Lehigh Press, Inc.
(Harleysville, PA)
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Family
ID: |
26954594 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/341,867 |
Filed: |
March 16, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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270945 |
Jul 12, 1972 |
3811564 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
53/412; 53/453;
53/133.8; 53/559 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
75/5833 (20130101); B65B 47/02 (20130101); B29C
51/422 (20130101); B65D 75/327 (20130101); B65B
61/02 (20130101); B65B 9/045 (20130101); B65B
61/18 (20130101); B65D 2585/56 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B29C
51/26 (20060101); B29C 51/42 (20060101); B65B
47/00 (20060101); B65B 47/02 (20060101); B65B
61/02 (20060101); B65D 75/28 (20060101); B65D
75/52 (20060101); B65B 9/04 (20060101); B65D
75/58 (20060101); B65B 61/00 (20060101); B65B
61/18 (20060101); B65D 75/34 (20060101); B65B
9/00 (20060101); B65b 001/02 (); B65b 043/08 ();
B65b 061/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;53/30,40,41,112A,184,282,296,14,133 ;156/252,253,257,513 ;229/51TS
;425/290,291,387,388,408 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Spruill; Robert L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Youtie; Robert K.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is related to applicant's prior copending patent
application Ser. No. 270,945, filed July 12, 1972 now U.S. Pat. No.
3,811,564, entitled CONTAINER CONSTRUCTION, being a
Continuation-in-Part thereof.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method of packaging comprising feeding a sheet along a path,
forming a blister in the sheet at one location along the path,
depositing contents in the blister, feeding an additional sheet
into facing relation with said first-mentioned sheet at another
location along the path to extend across the blister and enclose
the contents, scoring one of said first-mentioned and additional
sheets to form a cut extending partially through said one sheet,
and securing said sheets together in said facing relation along a
region of closed configuration extending about said blister and
score, whereby flexure of the secured sheets along said score
effects severance of the score for opening therethrough and access
to the contents further characterized in forming said blister by
heating said first-mentioned sheet against a platen, withdrawing a
section of the platen from said first-mentioned sheet to provide an
unsupported portion of sheet, and moving a forming die against the
unsupported sheet portion and toward the withdrawn platen section
to form said blister.
2. A method of packaging according to claim 1, further
characterized in applying fluid pressure to hold said first
mentioned sheet against said platen, for effective heating of said
first-mentioned sheet.
3. A method of packaging according to claim 1, further
characterized in applying fluid pressure to hold said
first-mentioned sheet against said forming die to accurately form
said first-mentioned sheet.
4. A method of packaging according to claim 1, said feeding of said
additional sheet being further characterized in stepwise drawing of
an additional web of sheeting from an additional roll for
intermittent movement to said other location, forming frangible
transverse regions in said additional web, and breaking said
regions at said other location to define of said additional web
said additional sheet in said facing relation.
5. Packaging apparatus comprising a forming station for
blister-forming a sheet, conveying means for conveying a
blister-formed sheet from said station, a filling station along
said conveying means for filling the blisters, a scoring station
spaced laterally from said conveyor for scoring a sheet to form
cuts partially through the scored sheet, feeding means for feeding
the scored sheet onto said conveyor means into facing relation with
the blister formed sheet, and a sealing station along said conveyor
means for sealing said blister-formed and scored sheets together in
said facing relation, said forming station comprising a heating
platen having a withdrawable section, and a mail die for entry into
the space vacated by said withdrawable section when withdrawn.
6. Packaging apparatus according to claim 5, in combination with
fluid pressure means for initially applying said first-mentioned
sheet against said platen to heat the latter sheet and subsequently
applying the latter sheet against said male die to form the
sheet.
7. Packaging apparatus according to claim 1, in combination with
bending means at said sealing station for bending adjacent scored
sheets to break apart the same upon sealing.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
While the packaging method and apparatus of the present invention
have been primarily developed and employed for use in the
pharmaceutical industry, say for packaging of pharmaceuticals, and
will be illustrated and described hereinafter with particular
reference thereto, it is appreciated and understood that the
advantageous features of the instant invention are capable of many
varied and diverse applications, all of which are intended to be
comprehended herein.
In the pharmaceutical field, the goods thereof are often packaged
according to dosage, say one or two capsules, tablets or the like
per packaged unit, rather than bulk packaging, so that more
accurate control of drug distribution is effected and maintained.
Such dosage packaged units must be relatively inexpensive to
warrant their use.
In addition to the advantageous features of being sealed against
contamination, it is often further desirable that the ease or
facility of opening the dose pack be capable of control, say to
permit of easy opening by all persons, as well as to present a
degree of difficulty or lack of ease which thwarts the endeavors of
young children.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is, therefore, an important object of the present invention to
provide a packaging method and apparatus which in a highly
efficient and economical manner, and at substantial speed, effects
packaging for drugs, and other like articles, which packaging is
relatively inexpensive, attractive in appearance, capable of
maintaining sterility, and wherein the degree of difficulty in
opening may be predetermined in the packaging procedure.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a
packaging method and apparatus having the advantageous
characteristics mentioned in the preceding paragraph which is
extremely simple for high speed and long continued use with minimum
downtime, and which is capable of wide versatility for advantageous
practice with widely different goods.
Other objects of the present invention will become apparent upon
reading the following specification and referring to the
accompanying drawings, which form a material part of this
disclosure.
The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction,
combinations of elements, and arrangements of parts and method
steps, which will be exemplified in the following description, and
of which the scope will be indicated by the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic, top plan view showing packaging apparatus
of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional elevational view taken generally along the
line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a top plan view illustrating the packaging method of the
present invention as practiced by the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and
2.
FIG. 4 is a top perspective view showing a package constructed in
accordance with the teachings of the instant invention.
FIG. 5 is a sectional elevational view showing an initial stage of
forming a blister sheet according to the instant invention.
FIG. 6 is a sectional elevational view similar to FIG. 5 showing a
slightly later stage of the forming procedure.
FIG. 7 is a sectional elevational view showing a later stage of
sheet forming according to the instant invention.
FIG. 8 is a partial sectional elevational view taken generally
along the line 8--8 of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now more particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2 thereof, there is
shown therein the packaging apparatus, generally designated 20,
which includes package forming, fabricating and filling means.
At an upstream, inlet or feed end, leftward in FIGS. 1 and 2, there
is shown a supply or source 21 of thermoplastic sheeting, say in
the form of a roll 22 rotatably carried by a pedestal support 23
and adapted to let off, dispense or feed a web 24 upwardly and
rightwardly over an idler roll 25. The web 24 may be vinyl, or
other suitable material of appropriate thickness or gauge.
Just downstream of the idler or guide roll 25 the web 24 passes to
a forming station 28 which, by thermoforming, provides downwardly
bulging, upwardly facing recesses or blisters. The forming station
28 may include a generally vertical press 29 having upper and lower
dies 30 and 31 suitably operated by motive means, such as a
hydraulic cylinder 32 and an operating linkage 33, or other
suitable means.
Downstream or rightward of the forming station 28 is a web indexing
clamp 35 for clamping the web 24 and shifting or indexing the web
rightwardly, downstream, say by reciprocatory shifting of an
operating mechanism 36. Thus, the operating mechanism 36, which may
be hydraulic or other suitably type, may shift rightward with the
clamp 35 closed on the web 24 to shift the latter rightward or
downstream, and may return upward or leftward with the clamp open.
In this manner a predetermined length of web 24 is indexed into the
forming station 28 upon each succeeding rightward shifting movement
of the clamp 35. Just downstream of the clamp 35 is a cutoff
mechanism or knife 37 which operates in coordination with the
indexing clamp 35 to sever successive lengths of formed web 24 into
separate sheets.
Referring to FIG. 3, it will there be apparent that the web 24 is
provided at the forming station 28 with a plurality of blisters 40,
which may be six in number arranged in two transverse rows of three
blisters each. Of course, any other arrangement of blisters may be
employed, as desired. Formed simultaneously with the blisters 40
may be register marks or holes 41, say being four in number
corresponding to each group of six blisters 40, adjacent to
opposite longitudinal edges of the web.
At the web severance station or cutoff knife 37, the web may be
severed into successive generally rectangular sheets 42 each being
formed with a group of six blisters 40 and a corresponding group of
four register holes 41.
Extending downstream from the cutoff station or knife 37 is an
endless belt, chain or conveyor 45. The conveyor 45 includes an
upper run 46 extending over an upper or receiving end roll 47, and
downstream therefrom to pass downwardly over a discharge end roll
48. From the underside of discharge or downstream end roll 48,
upstream therefrom extends a lower run 49 of conveyor 45 passing
beneath a lower idler roll 50, and extending thence upstream over
an intermediate idler roll 51. The converyor, belt or chain 45 is
provided on its outer surface entirely thereabout with a plurality
of register members, projections or pins 52. The register members
or pins 52 are arranged in a pair of laterally spaced
circumferential rows, as seen in FIG. 1, adjacent to respective
longitudinal edges of the conveyor 45 and appropriately spaced for
interfitting engagement with the hereinbefore described register
formations or holes 41 of the web 24 and the subsequently formed
sheets 42.
Just downstream of the cut-off station or severance knife 37, and
over the upstream end of conveyor 45 is a sheet locator 55. The
sheet locator 55 places each successive sheet 42 severed from web
24 onto the upper conveyor run 46 with the sheet register holes 41
receiving the conveyor register pins 52. In this manner, each
severed web sheet 42 is positively located in accurate registry
with the several stations downstream of the sheet locator station
45 by indexing of the conveyor. This obviates the need for
relatively difficult web registry.
Downstream of the sheet locating station 55 is a loading or filling
station 56, at which the upwardly recessed blisters are properly
loaded with contents, such as capsules 57, see FIGS. 1 and 3.
Downstream of the filling station 56, along the conveyor 45, is
located a closing or sealing station generally designated 60. The
sealing station 60, as will appear more fully hereinafter, serves
to secure in sealed relation over the open upper sides of the
filled blisters 40 an additional closure sheet, by suitable
adhesive means, such as radiofrequency sealing, heat sealing or the
like.
The apparatus 20 includes a branch conveyor or feed line generally
designated 61, for feeding a closure or top sheet transversely of
the conveyor 45 to the sealing station 60. The transverse supply
line 61 may include a supply source, such as a roll 62 of
thermoplastic sheeting, such as vinyl, or other suitable material,
being led from the roll in the form of a web 63.
Adjacent to the supply roll 62, the web 63 is led to a scoring
station 64, wherein the web is scored, as by heat or other suitable
scoring means to form a plurality of scores or cuts 65. The scores
or cuts 65 may be generally U-shaped in configuration, arranged in
a pair of rows of three scores each similar to the arrangement of
each group of six blisters 40, described hereinbefore. The scores
each extend only partially through the web 63, so as to define a
line of weakening therein, without impairing the air impervious
integrity of the web.
From the scoring station 64, the web 63 may pass to a printing
station 66, say for hot stamp printing, or other suitable marking,
as desired.
From the printing station 66, the web 63 passes to a cutting or
perforating station 70 which suitably nicks, cuts or perforates the
web transversely thereacross at spaced locations intermediate each
group of six scores 65. A transverse perforation or line of
weakening is shown at 71, being a combination of aligned slots and
edge nicks.
Thence the web 63 passes to an indexer or feeder 72 which operates
in synchronism with the stepped operation of conveyor 45 to feed
the web into the sealing station 60 over a sheet 42.
The sealing station 60 may include upper and lower dies 75 and 76
movable vertically into sealing relation toward each other and out
of sealing relation away from each other, and suitably shaped to
produce a specifically configured arrangement of sealing 77, best
seen in FIGS. 1 and 3 as of a generally rectangular gridwork
defining a group of contained closed configurations or rectangles,
say six in number, as in the illustrated embodiment. Thus, the
lower blister-formed sheet 42 and upper closure sheet are secured
together about the specific configuration of the sealing 77. Any
suitable actuating means may be employed with the sealing station
60, and appropriate locating means is also provided, such as a
sensor of suitable type responsive to proper positioning of the web
63 at the sealing station to terminate operation of the web indexer
72.
Generally simultaneously with the above described sealing
operation, at the sealing station 60, the web 63 is severed or
broken along a severance line 71, whereby an end portion 78 of the
web 63 is severed therefrom to define an upper or closure sheet
secured in sealing relation on a lower or blister-formed sheet
42.
An advantageous mode of severing the sheet 78 from the web 63 is
shown in FIG. 8, including an upstanding bar or breaker member 79
which may be fixed, say to the lower sealing die 76 in position
just beneath the endmost unbroken severance line 71. Upon sealing
movement of the dies 75 and 76 toward each other, the severance
line 71 is broken by frangible engagement with the bar 79, and a
retainer member 80 may retain the web 63 against undue flexure.
In the aforedescribed sealed relationship, lower and upper sheets
42 and 78 in the multiple unit arrangement, move downstream on the
upper run of conveyor 45, the register pins 52 removably engaged in
the register holes 41 to a scoring or perforating station 80. The
preforating station 80 may be purely mechanical, including suitable
operating means 81, see FIG. 2, or may be of the hot knife type, or
other.
Downstream from the perforating or scoring station 80 may be a
punch-out station 82, also having suitable operating means 83, see
FIG. 2. Exiting from the punch-out station 82, say being retained
on the conveyor 45, or falling through the conveyor to a suitable
removable means, may be resultant packages 83, which may each
include a series of individual containers detachably secured
together, as by frangible scoring, or the like. Individual
containers 84 may be identical to that disclosed in said copending
patent application, and as seen in FIG. 4 herein and described in
detail hereinafter.
As noted hereinbefore, the endless conveyor belt or chain 45 moves
stepwise or intermittently, its upper run 46 moving in discreet
spaced intervals through steps of predetermined length. Toward this
end, a conveyor indexing means may be provided adjacent to the
downstream roll 48, as at 85, the indexer 85 being reciprocable in
timed relation with the hereinbefore described components to effect
the stepwise conveyor movement.
Certain unique features of the forming station 28 are shown in
greater detail in FIGS. 5-7, therebeing illustrated therein the
upper die 30 and lower die 31. The lower die 31 may include a
generally flat die face 87 extending circumferentially about and
bounding a die opening 88. Located within the lower die 31 is a
heating member 89 which includes a generally flat end face 90. The
heating member 89 is adapted to extend into the central opening 88
with the heating member face 90 substantially flush with the
circumferential lower die face 87. Any suitable heating means may
be employed in the member 89, a coil 91 being shown therein for
purposes of illustration and without limiting intent.
The upper die 30 may be formed with a generally flat downwardly
facing die surfaces 92 and a central internal hollow 93 opening as
at 94 generally downwardly toward the lower die 31. Circumscribing
and bounding the opening 94 of the upper die member 30 may be a
ridge or clamping edge 95. That is, with the web or film 24 on the
surface 87 of the lower die 31, the upper and lower dies may be
moved together until the projecting edge of clamping ridge 95,
extending about its closed configuration, engages the web to retain
the encompassed region in position.
Mounted within the hollow 93 of upper die 31 may be an extensile
and retractile die section 96. The section 96 may include a lower,
downwardly facing surface 97 movable within the opening 94 and
provided with a plurality of downwardly protuberant projections or
forms 98 specifically configured in the shape of desired
blisters.
In the condition shown in FIG. 5, it will be apparent that the
central portion of web 24 over lower die opening 88 is being heated
by contact with the lower die heating member 89. If desired, fluid
pressure, say pneumatic, may be applied to maintain the web 24 in
engagement with the heating member to effect more rapid heating.
For this purpose air pressure may be introduced into the hollow 93
through a port 86.
Following the above initial step of blister formation, the heating
member 89 of lower die 31 may be withdrawn or retracted downwardly
in opening 88, see FIG. 6 and the air pressure removed from the
upper side of the web.
Following the above, the die section 96 of the upper die 30 may be
shifted downwardly to protrude the depending projections or bosses
98 into the lower die opening 88 against the heated region of web
24. Simultaneously, fluid pressure may be applied, say through port
99 into opening 88 of lower die 31, against the underside of the
web 24 to promptly apply the latter in conforming engagement with
the forming bosses 98, of course, die member 89 may be retracted to
provide a closed chamber for the pressurized fluid. Upon upward
retraction of the upper die section 96, and upon slight lowering of
the die 31, the web 24 may be indexed downstream for repeated
blister formation applied to another portion of the web.
From the foregoing it will now be appreciated that the method of
the instant invention includes the feeding of web 24 and sheets 42
along the path between web supply roll 22 and the downstream end of
conveyor 45, wherein the web is blister-formed at the forming
station 28 along the path, severed into sheets 42 downstream of the
forming station, filled with suitable contents at the filling
station 56, and an upper or closure sheet 78 applied by sealing to
the blister sheet in closing relation with the blisters. Further,
it will be appreciated that the upper or closure sheet is prescored
to define frangible severance lines before sealing in closing
relation, which lines afford subsequent opening means upon flexure
of the secured sheets to break along the scores.
It will now be further appreciated that the instant invention
provides a method of packaging an apparatus therefore which is
relatively simple in construction and operation, highly reliable
throughout a long useful life, and which otherwise fully
accomplishes its intended objects.
Referring now to FIG. 4, it will be understood that the individual
package there illustrated includes lower and upper sheet portions
or sheets 42 and 78, the former being blister formed for receiving
contents, and the sheets being circumferentially secured together
by marginal sealing 77. The upper sheet 78 includes the frangible
severance line, partial cut or non-through score 65. The package is
thereby hermetically sealed against contamination and openable upon
flexure requiring a predetermined degree of difficulty for
severance or breakage along the score 65.
Although the present invention has been described in some detail by
way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of
understanding, it is understood that certain changes and
modifications may be made within the spirit of the invention.
* * * * *